These are the world’s most turbulent flight routes, from short-haul European journeys to long-haul trips

Turbulence is the worst part of flying for many people. Though it’s a phenomenon that happens surprisingly regularly, it can often be alarming – one that can strike fear into even the most seasoned flyers.

But is is often misunderstood; it provides very little threat to modern commercial aircraft, with most injuries occurring when people aren’t strapped into their seats.

is defined by the National Service as a phenomenon that is “caused by