Africa’s repertoire of so-called “Africa + 1 summits” with major and emerging powers keeps growing. African leaders periodically attend summits with countries such as China, Japan, the US, France, Russia, India, Germany, the UK, and Turkey. Indeed, a foray into Africa has become a rite of passage for every country bidding for more global influence.
While the focus of the various summits may differ in details, each of the powers engaging African leaders aims at establishing a sphere of influence