Liberation movements, which originated as militant organisations fighting against colonial rule in Africa in the 1960s through to the early 1990s, have become a permanent fixture of Africa’s political landscape.
South Africa’s ANC, Zimbabwe’s Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (Zanu-PF), Namibia’s South West African People’s Organisation (Swapo), Angola’s People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), Mozambique’s Liberation Front of Mozambique (Frelimo) and Tanzania’s Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) have ruled their respective countries and dominated domestic and regional politics since the dawn of political independence.
For example,
