EXPLAINER
There is a network of brain structures, known as the limbic system, that is involved infear is intense enough, the amygdala will communicate with other parts of the limbic system such as the hypothalamus, to help initiate the fight or flight response, and the hindbrain (including the brainstem), to trigger a startle response such as quickly withdrawing your stung hand. It’s the activation of the fight or flight response that can make a phobic reaction so overpowering - think rapid heart rate, fast breathing, nausea, panic and sweating.
