1569 POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH
The Union of Lublin unites Poland and Lithuania into a new state, hoping to see off threats from the east. The federated state has a strong parliament and elected king. This is known as the Nobles' Democracy or Golden Liberty.
1939 NAZI INVASION
Germany invades Poland from the west on 1 September 1939, marking the start of World War II. Meanwhile, Soviet forces move in from the