Overall, central causes were responsible for 47% cases; peripheral causes were seen in 31% cases, functional and psychiatric causes in 12% of patients and other causes in 9% of cases. Vestibular migraine was the most common central cause, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) was the most common peripheral cause, and persistent-postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) was the most common cause of dizziness due to functional aetiology.
1) Vestibular migraine
▸ Vestibular migraine is the leading cause of spontaneous episodic vertigo.▸ The International classification of headache disorders (ICHD-3) criteria was used to diagnose vestibular migraine.▸ Due to the stringent nature of the diagnostic criteria, only 25% patients with vestibular migraine were diagnosed to have ‘definite’ vestibular migraine, and 75% were diagnosed to have ‘probable’ vestibular migraine (Fig 1).▸ Patients with ‘definite vestibular migraine’ had vertigo as a presenting complaint which affected their quality of life. The duration of the dizziness was more than 5 minutes per episode.▸ Patients with
