India Today

Does this mean war?

Assessing the various scenarios on the escalation ladder of the Indo-Pak conflict

In the summer of 1990, the world was riven with tectonic shifts. The Cold War had ended, the Berlin Wall had collapsed and the Soviet Union had plunged into chaos. A series of events in May that year led the United States to believe South Asia was teetering on a nuclear precipice. Pakistani troops were massed along the border, India had moved troops into Jammu and Kashmir as the situation there worsened after a Pakistan-backed insurgency had taken hold. Both sides engaged in shrill war rhetoric, then Pakistan PM Benazir Bhutto's vow of a thousand-year war with India was met with her Indian counterpart V.P. Singh's retort that such a misadventure would not be without cost.

The US believed that Pakistan was prepared to use nuclear weapons in any such conflict and felt compelled to step in to de-escalate the situation. Analysts like Commodore C. Uday Bhaskar (retd) term the South Asia crisis of 1990 as the starting point for Nuclear Weapon Enabled Terrorism' or NWET, the use of terrorist proxies to wage a sub-conventional war while using nuclear

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