NPR

It's Not The Deep State That Hurts Trump — It's The Shallow State

President Trump and his supporters have often complained about the deep state — a cabal of hostile bureaucrats. But maybe the biggest impediment to the president comes from his cabinet.
President Donald Trump listens during a meeting with inner city pastors at the White House on August 1, 2018.

President Trump and his supporters have often complained about the "deep state" - a supposedly shadowy cabal of opposition bureaucrats buried deep within the government. But perhaps the biggest impediment to the president isn't the deep state at all. It's the "shallow state" - which exists right below Donald Trump at the cabinet level.

After all, there's a distinct pattern in the administration. The president makes a claim that seems to contradict longstanding policy. Shortly thereafter, a cabinet member or two will step up to a microphone and reiterate U.S. policy, contradicting the president.

The most recent example

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