On December 12, China filed a complaint at the World Trade Organization against the United States for its chip export control measures. In recent years, the U.S. passed a set of regulations aimed at curbing the growth of China's semiconductor industry. China accuses the U.S. of using export controls to maintain its leadership in high-tech sectors, but the U.S. cited concerns over its national security interests. What exactly are China's aspirations by taking the case to the WTO? How big is the chance that China may get the upper hand in the case? And what difference could this make in the race for scientific and technological advantage?