Two studies of cardiac device infections, observational studies, RCTs, and our ways of knowing in Medicine are the topics discussed by John Mandrola, MD in this week’s podcast. This podcast is intended for healthcare professionals only. To read a partial transcript or to comment, visit: https://www.medscape.com/twic I. Cardiac Device Infection Mortality Climbs When CIED Infections Are 'Delayed' After Implant https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/990692 - Association of the Timing and Extent of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections With Mortality https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2803627 - Low Utilization of Lead Extraction Among Patients With Infective Endocarditis and Implanted Cardiac Electronic Devices https://www.jacc.org/doi/full/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.02.042 - Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices and Infective Endocarditis: A Call to Arms...∗ https://www.jacc.org/doi/full/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.02.043 II. Can RCTs be Emulated with Real World Evidence? - Emulation of Randomized Clinical Trials With Nonrandomized Database Analyses https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2804067 - Randomized Trials vs Real-world Evidence https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2804092 - Reanalyses of Randomized Clinical Trial Data https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1902230 III. Multi-Morbidity Effects in Trials Pivotal CV Trials May Not Apply to Complex Patients https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/989129 You may also like: Medscape editor-in-chief Eric Topol, MD, and master storyteller and clinician Abraham Verghese, MD, on Medicine and the Machine https://www.medscape.com/features/public/machine The Bob Harrington Show with Stanford University Chair of Medicine, Robert A. Harrington, MD. https://www.medscape.com/author/bob-harrington Questions or feedback, please contact: news@medscape.net