This episode is about the practical changes that appeared during the middle of the 20th century in chemistry laboratories. These are infrared spectrometers, pH meters, visible-ultraviolet spectrophotometers, mass spectrometers, nuclear magnetic resonance instruments, and chromatographs. All of these electronic instruments made the laboratory of the 1960s a most different place than the laboratory of the 1920s. We hear about some of the people who invented and promoted the use of these new chemical tools.Support the show Support my podcast at https://www.patreon.com/thehistoryofchemistry Tell me how your life relates to chemistry! E-mail me at steve@historyofchem.com Get my book, O Mg! How Chemistry Came to Be, from World Scientific Publishing, https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/12670#t=aboutBook