Contributor: Meghan Hurley, MD Educational Pearls: Educational Pearls: Dental infections can be categorized into two main groups Infections of the gums Pericoronitis Tooth eruption leading to inflammation/irritation Can progress to an infection Requires pain control, no antibiotics Gingivitis Inflammation of the gums Can lead to an infection requiring antibiotics Abscess (gums) If an infection develops in the gums it can progress to an abscess May require drainage Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) aka Trench Mouth Filmy, grayish discoloration of the gums with “punched out” lesions Extremely painful Can cause teeth to loosen and fall out Treat with IV antibiotics + admission Infections of the teeth Dental caries Causes sensitivity tooth enamel is worn through Can lead to infection Periapical abscess Abscess that extends through the root of the tooth Can develop up elsewhere in tooth/gums/mouth Causes tooth sensitivity when tapped Ludwig angina Infection of the soft tissue under the tongue Can compromise airway as it expands Treat with extensive antibiotics and debridement Antibiotic stewardship Commonly used antibiotics for dental infections Clindamycin Augmentin Amoxicillin Chlorhexidine (Peridex) Antiseptic and disinfectant that is helpful for gingival irritation   References Bridwell R, Gottlieb M, Koyfman A, Long B. Diagnosis and management of Ludwig's angina: An evidence-based review. Am J Emerg Med. Mar 2021;41:1-5. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.12.030  Dufty J, Gkranias N, Donos N. Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis: A Literature Review. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2017;15(4):321-327. doi:10.3290/j.ohpd.a38766 Herrera D, Roldán S, Sanz M. The periodontal abscess: a review. J Clin Periodontol. Jun 2000;27(6):377-86. doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027006377.x Kumar S. Evidence-Based Update on Diagnosis and Management of Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Dent Clin North Am. Jan 2019;63(1):69-81. doi:10.1016/j.cden.2018.08.005 Kwon G, Serra M. Pericoronitis. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.   Summarized by Mark O’Brien, MS4 | Edited by John Spartz, MD, & Erik Verzemnieks, MD   The Emergency Medical Minute is excited to announce that we are now offering AMA PRA Category 1 credits™ via online course modules. To access these and for more information, visit our website at https://emergencymedicalminute.org/cme-courses/ and create an account.