词汇提示1.conquerors 征服者2.missions 传教士3.authorities 当局者4.charter 许可证5.cattle ranching 肉牛放牧6.infuriated 激怒7.jail 监狱8.besieged 被包围9.surrendered 头像10.commander 指挥官11.fiery 暴躁的12.crumble 倒塌13.raging 激烈的14.retreated 撤退15.bulk 主体16.advance troop 先遣部队17.swamp land 沼泽地18.siesta 午睡原文Remember The Alamo!The first Europeans in the American Southwest were Spanish explorers and conquerors.They were followed by religious orders that set up missions to Christianize the Indians.One of these missions was San Antonio de Valero; it was founded in 1718 in what is now San Antonio, Texas.Later, the mission structure became known as The Alamo.In 1821, Moses Austin had persuaded the Spanish authorities to give him a charter to settle 200,000 acres in Texas.The elder Austin died shortly after this.Five weeks later, his son Stephen Austin traveled to San Antonioto have this charter confirmed by the Spanish governor.In 1822, Austin led 150 settlers into Texas.When Austin learned afterwards that Mexico was now independent of Spain,he journeyed to Mexico City to have his charter reconfirmed.The Mexicans appointed Austin regional administrator for his colony.Texas grew rapidly.Cotton farming and cattle ranching were profitable and attracted American settlers.By 1830, there were 16,000 Americans in Texas - four times the Spanish-Mexican population.Sam Houston had been a successful soldier and politician.He was a friend and supporter of President Andrew Jackson.However, personal problems and political difficulties led him to leave the U.S.A. for Texas.Meanwhile, the struggle for control of Mexico had been won in 1833 by Santa Ana.However, the independent thinking of the Texans infuriated Santa Ana.He had Stephen Austin thrown in jail, and sent an army into Texas.Austin was released from jail in time to organize the defense of Texas.The Mexican army was besieged inside the Alamo, and after fierce fighting, surrendered.The Mexicans were allowed to go home.Sam Houston was now elected the State's supreme commander.Not long after this, Santa Ana approached Texas with an army of 6,000 men.Houston decided not to meet Santa Ana in open battle but to wait for an advantage.He sent frontiersman Jim Bowie to the Alamo.Bowie's orders were to leave San Antonio and destroy the Alamo.When Bowie arrived, however, Texas volunteers were preparing the Alamo for a siege.Bowie and his men pitched in to help.Other volunteers came.The fiery William Travis arrived with 25 men.Then, the famous frontiersman, Davy Crockett came with a dozen Tennessee sharpshooters.When Santa Ana attacked, there were 183 Americans inside the fort.Santa Ana brought up cannon to bombard the Alamo.As the walls began to crumble, 4,000 Mexicans attacked from all four sides.The Mexicans overcame all resistance because of their large numbers,but they suffered very heavy losses.All the American defenders were killed.While the battle was raging, the Texans back at the colony declared their independence from Mexico.Sam Houston now gathered men to fight the Mexican army.At first, he retreated while waiting for a suitable opportunity.When Santa Ana's rapid advance left the bulk of the Mexican army behind, Houston prepared to fight.Santa Ana's advance troops moved into swampy land by the San Jacinto River.Houston's men attacked while the Mexicans were having their midday siesta.Their battle cry was "Remember the Alamo!".The battle was soon over.Many Mexicans were killed, but only a couple of Texans were killed.Santa Ana was a prisoner.Santa Ana readily agreed now to recognize Texas as an independent republic.Ninety years later, in 1845, Texas became the 28th State of the U.S.A.翻译记住阿拉莫！美国西南部的第一批欧洲人是西班牙探险家和征服者。随后，宗教组织设立了传教士，将印第安人基督教化。其中一个任务是圣安东尼奥·德瓦莱罗；它于1718年在现在的德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市成立。后来，任务被称为阿拉莫。1821年，摩西·奥斯汀说服西班牙当局给他一份在德克萨斯州定居20万英亩土地的特许权。老奥斯汀不久就去世了。五周后，他的儿子斯蒂芬·奥斯汀前往圣安东尼奥，让西班牙总督确认这份宪章。1822年，奥斯汀带领150名定居者进入德克萨斯州。奥斯汀后来得知墨西哥现已独立于西班牙，于是前往墨西哥城重新确认其宪章。墨西哥人任命奥斯汀为其殖民地的行政长官。德克萨斯州发展迅速。棉花种植和养牛业有利可图，吸引了美国定居者。到1830年，德克萨斯州有16000名美国人，是西班牙裔墨西哥人口的四倍