Dr Carolyn Lam:                Welcome to Circulation on the Run, your weekly podcast summary and backstage pass to the journal and its editors. I'm Dr Carolyn Lam, associate editor from the National Heart Center and Duke National University of Singapore. Dr Gregory Hundley:       And I'm Greg Hundley, associate editor from the Pauley Heart Center at VCU Health in Richmond, Virginia.                                                 Well, Carolyn, this week's feature is from Professor Carl Lindstrom from Helsinki University Hospital and the University of Helsinki and evaluates whether administration of simvastatin via nasogastric tube in brain-dead individuals prior to cardiac transplant donation improves transplant recipient cardiac-related outcomes. It is a randomized trial using an inexpensive therapy, and I look forward to that discussion with Professor Lindstrom. How about we grab a cup of coffee and start off our discussion today. Dr Carolyn Lam:                All right, so here goes. The first paper that I want to discuss really looks at the question, is DNA methylation related to incident coronary heart disease? Well, Dr Agha from Columbia University in New York and colleagues looked at this and profiled epigenome-wide blood leukocyte DNA methylation in 11,461 individuals from nine population-based cohorts in the United States and Europe using the Illumina Infinium 450K microarray and prospectively ascertained coronary heart disease events. Dr Gregory Hundley:       So Carolyn, what did they find? Dr Carolyn Lam:                Well, they found that differences in blood leukocyte DNA methylation at 52 cytosine phosphate guanine sites were associated with incident coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction with a false discovery rate of less than 0.05. Several of the differentially methylated loci mapped to genes related to calcium regulation and kidney function. Exploratory analyses with Mendelian randomization supported a causal effect of DNA methylation on incident coronary heart disease at loci in active regulatory regions with links to noncoding, RNAs and genes involved in cellular and tissue structural components.                                                 Very nice Caroline. So what's the summary for us clinically? Dr Gregory Hundley:       So, these findings really provide the first evidence that genomic regulation via epigenetic modifications in kidney function and calcium homeostasis related pathways may be involved in the development of coronary heart disease. The findings of epigenetic, loci related non-coding RNAs highlight pathways that have not immersed in genome-wide studies of coronary heart disease and therefore represent novel therapeutic targets, which thus far have not been explored. Dr Carolyn Lam:                Very good, Caroline. Well, I've got a basic paper that I want to present and it's from professor Xander Wehrens from the Baylor College of Medicine. And this study addresses factors that promote atrial fibrillation. The investigators found that reduced levels of protein phosphatase-1 regulatory subunit R3A in human atria are causally linked to abnormal calcium handling and atrial fibrillation pathogenesis.                                                 In the absence of protein phosphatase-1 regulatory subunit R3A reducing binding of PP1 catalytic subunit increases phosphorylation levels of the ryanodine receptor, R2 calcium release channel, and phospholamban. Complex zone, profiling, a technique that combines native gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to obtain the composition of multi protein assemblies revealed that PP1 R3A is part of a macro molecular protein complex containing the ryanodine calcium release channel and the circuit 2APLN calcium uptake transporter. Dr Gregory Hundley:       Wow. Complex zone profiling. That's so cool, but what does it all mean for us clinically, Greg? Dr Carolyn Lam:                Well reduced levels of PP1 regulatory subunit contri