Contributor:  Alicia Oberle, MD Educational Pearls: Down Syndrome with Trisomy 21 have three copies of chromosome 21 Current birth rates are around 1 in 700 births  Average life span 25 years in 1980, today the average life span is 60 years of age Patients with Down syndrome require additional therapies in the first 3 years due to developmental delays They also have increased risk for childhood leukemias, seizures, hypothyroidism, celiac disease, and early-onset Alzheimers Half have a cardiac defect requiring surgery at birth References Tsou AY, Bulova P, Capone G, et al. Medical Care of Adults With Down Syndrome: A Clinical Guideline. JAMA. 2020;324(15):1543–1556. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.17024 Summarized by John Spartz, MS3 | Edited by Erik Verzemnieks, MD   The Emergency Medical Minute is excited to announce that we are now offering AMA PRA Category 1 credits™ via online course modules. To access these and for more information, visit our website at www.emergencymedicalminute.com/cme-courses/ and create an account.  Donate to EMM today!