Contributor: Don Stader, MD Educational Pearls: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a catch all term for when lung injury leads to fluid collection in the air spaces of the lungs  Ventilatory management in ARDS patients involves lower FiO2 and PEEP than other patients and relies on lung protective ventilation strategies to prevent barotrauma Proning these patients has also been utilized with the goal of matching V/Q, or getting good blood flow to areas of the lung which are well ventilated.   References 1. Higher versus Lower Positive End-Expiratory Pressures in Patients with the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:327-336. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa032193 2. Howell MD, Davis AM. Management of ARDS in Adults. JAMA. 2018;319(7):711–712. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0307 3. Scholten, E.L. et al. Treatment of ARDS With Prone Positioning. Chest. 2017 Jan;151(1):215-224. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.06.032. Epub 2016 Jul 8.   Summarized by Jackson Roos, MS3 | Edited by Erik Verzemnieks, MD