Adverbial clauses, linkers and conjunctions - AIRC133 Más podcasts para mejorar tu ingles en: http://www.inglespodcast.com/  More podcasts to improve your English at: http://www.inglespodcast.com/  In this episode we're going to help you with Adverbial clauses, linkers, conjunctions etc Audio feedback from Edu from Peru You can sign up for free English chat at inglespodcast.com We also publish the dates and the times of the online conversaiton chat on our Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/mansioningles/) and on Twitter (https://twitter.com/ - @mansiontwit) Listener Feedback: Bruno Schvidah from Brazil sent us an email. My name is Bruno and I am from Brazil but recently living in Copenhagen! My weak side has been "adverbial clauses and linkers" I would really like to go through that! For now, I wish you all a great Friday! All the best, Bruno We're sorry it's taken us so long to answer your question, Bruno. We spoke about some linking words in Episode 55 (but, even though/although, however, in spite of/despite) ( http://www.inglespodcast.com/2015/06/14/linking-words-but-even-thoughalthough-however-in-spite-ofdespite-etc-shopping-expressions-airc55/ ) What Are Adverbial Clauses? "An adverbial clause is a group of words which does what an adverb does. Adverbial clauses (like all clauses) contain a subject and a verb. For example: "I eat dark chocolate daily." (normal adverb) "I'm going to eat dark chocolate until you tell me to stop." (adverbial clause = "until you tell me to stop") More examples: I never knew how wonderful life could be until I started podcasting. I'll let you know as soon as I publish this episode. Now that we've eaten, we can have some of that chocolate cake. Adverbial clauses don’t have to speak about time. They can also be about contrast, cause and effect, condition etc. Contrast:I had some chocolate cake even though I was full. (even though = aunque) Cause and effect: I’ve put on weight this month because I’ve been eating so much cake. Condition: I’m not going to Disneyland unless you come with me. (unless = a menos que, a no ser que) More linkers: In spite of / Despite - “I bought an iphone in spite of the price.” (in spite of/despite = a pesar de) They go at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. “Reza arrived on time despite / in spite of missing the bus” Instead of (en vez de, en lugar de) “This year we’re having roast lamb for Christmas dinner instead of turkey.” Although (aunque) / though / even though / in spite of the fact that (a pesar de que) - “Although/Even though/Though I was full, I had another piece of cake.” "Even though" is more emphatic than "although". “Though” can also go at the end of a second sentence in informal English: These connectors are followed by a complete sentence. They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If they are at the beginning we put a comma after the clause. "I had another piece of cake, although I was full." “In spite of the fact that the neighbours were making a noise, we decided to record this podcast.” “Reza loves Berta. She rarely thinks about him, though.” "I'm sorry, we don't have any chocolate cake. We've got some biscuits, though." However (sin embargo) / nevertheless/nonetheless (no obstante) / even so (aun así) At/Near the start of a second sentence: “I was really tired. Even so, I decided to go out for a beer.” (sin embargo, aun así) “Craig’s on a diet. However, he can’t lose any weight.” “I didn’t like the price. Nevertheless/Nonetheless, I bought it.” Or at the end of a second sentence in informal English: “I didn’t like the price. I bought it, nonetheless.” While / whereas (mientras que) In the middle or at the start of a sentence: “Our last podcast was really interesting, whereas/while this one is a bit boring.” “While/whereas the last podcast was really interesting, this one is a bit boring:” On the one hand / on the other hand (por un lado / por el otro lado) Links two contrasting ideas. “On the one hand” c