Today we’re joined by Andreas Madsen, an independent researcher based in Denmark whose research focuses on developing interpretable machine learning models.  While we caught up with Andreas to discuss his ICLR spotlight paper, “Neural Arithmetic Units,” we also spend time exploring his experience as an independent researcher. We discuss the difficulties of working with limited resources, the importance of finding peers to collaborate with, and tempering expectations of getting papers accepted to conferences -- something that might take a few tries to get right. In his paper, Andreas notes that Neural Networks struggle to perform exact arithmetic operations over real numbers, but this can be helped with the addition of two NN components: the Neural Addition Unit (NAU), which can learn exact addition and subtraction; and the Neural Multiplication Unit (NMU) that can multiply subsets of a vector. The complete show notes can be found at twimlai.com/talk/382.