AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (VOLUME TWO): A BLUEPRINT FOR MONETIZING REPARATIONS

By Tony Rose

The African slaves that arrived in Jamestown in 1619 were not arriving in the United States of America they were Spanish slaves arriving in Jamestown, Virginia a British colony. 

• Language: English
• Publisher: Amber Communications Group, Inc
• Release date: May 22, 2024
• ISBN: 9798990717428

Tony Rose

Tony Rose, Publisher/CEO, Amber Communications Group, Inc.Is an NAACP Image Award Winner for Outstanding Literature.Tony Rose was born in Roxbury, (Boston) Massachusetts, and raised in the Whittier Street Housing Projects. He is the Publisher, and CEO of Amber Communications Group, Inc., the nation's largest African American Publisher of Self-Help Books and Music Biographies, and the 2013 NAACP Image Award Winner for Outstanding Literature. Rose is the editor of numerous books and the co-writer of the national bestsellers, Is Modeling for You? The Handbook and Guide for the Young Aspiring Black Model and Journey to Wakanda: The Life and Legacy of Chadwick Boseman, Black Panther & Beyond, written with Yvonne Rose; and he has penned the critically acclaimed, international best-seller, Before the Legend: The Rise of New Kids On the Block and A Guy Named Maurice Starr, The Early Years.He has written, compiled, edited, and published, the award-winning, international best-seller, African American History In The United States of America-An Anthology-From Africa To President Barack Obama, Volume One, a Top Ten Best African American Book, and has written the critically acclaimed, international best-seller, non-fiction book of the year and a Top Ten Best Black Book of 2015, America the Black Point of View-An Investigation and Study of the White People of America and Western Europe which includes The Autobiography of an American Ghetto Boy-The 1950's and 1960's-From the Projects to NAACP Image Award Winner, Volume One.

Book preview

DEDICATION

TO GOD

and

MY WIFE, YVONNE ROSE

About the Author

A person in a tuxedo holding a trophy Description automatically generated

Tony Rose, Publisher/CEO, Amber Communications Group, Inc. Is an NAACP Image Award Winner for Outstanding Literature.

Tony Rose was born in Roxbury, (Boston) Massachusetts, and raised in the Whittier Street Housing Projects. He is the Publisher, and CEO of Amber Communications Group, Inc., the nation’s largest African American Publisher of Self-Help Books and Music Biographies, and the 2013 NAACP Image Award Winner for Outstanding Literature.

Rose is the editor of numerous books and the co-writer of the national bestsellers, Is Modeling for You? The Handbook and Guide for the Young Aspiring Black Model and Journey to Wakanda: The Life and Legacy of Chadwick Boseman, Black Panther & Beyond, written with Yvonne Rose; and he has penned the critically acclaimed, international best-seller, Before the Legend: The Rise of New Kids On the Block and A Guy Named Maurice Starr, The Early Years.

He has written, compiled, edited, and published, the award-winning, international best-seller, African American History In The United States of America—An Anthology—From Africa To President Barack Obama, Volume One, a Top Ten Best African American Book, and has written the critically acclaimed, international best-seller, non-fiction book of the year and a Top Ten Best Black Book of 2015, America the Black Point of View—An Investigation and Study of the White People of America and Western Europe which includes  The Autobiography of an American Ghetto Boy—The 1950’s and 1960’s—From the Projects to NAACP Image Award Winner, Volume One.

Contents

Dedication

About the Author

Contents

On The Cover

PREFACE: A Blueprint for Reparations

PRELUDE: Reparations From White People

INTRODUCTION: Let Me Tell You What European-to-African Slavery Was Like

PART ONE: Colonial Virginia, Africa, and the Early African and African American Experience

CHAPTER 1: Forty Acres and A Mule

CHAPTER 2: Virginia and Chesapeake Bay

CHAPTER 3: Africa, The Motherland

CHAPTER 4: What’s Wrong with African Americans?

PART TWO: American Resolutions and Reparations for African Americans

CHAPTER 5: Resolutions and Reparations (Part 1)

CHAPTER 6: Resolutions and Reparations (Part 2)

CHAPTER 7: Resolutions and Reparations (Part 3)

CHAPTER 8: Resolutions and Reparations (Part 4)

CHAPTER 9: Why America Needs to Pay Reparations to African Americans

CHAPTER 10: Reparations and Ivy League Colleges

PART THREE: Slavery and Freedom in Colonial America

CHAPTER 11: The Founding of the United States of America and the First African American Hero - Billy Lee

CHAPTER 12: The Beginning of Northern Abolition

CHAPTER 13: Slavery in the United States of America

CHAPTER 14: Formation of the United States

CHAPTER 15: Major African and American Events and Uprisings in the United States

PART FOUR: The Development and the Deterioration of Freedom in Africa

CHAPTER 16: Africa & Europe

CHAPTER 17: The Evolution of the Human Race

CHAPTER 18: An Introduction from  America the Black Point of View: The Investigation and Study of the White People of America and Western Europe by Tony Rose

CHAPTER 19: The Age of Western European Exploration in Africa

CHAPTER 20: Bunce Island

CHAPTER 21: European Slave Castles

CHAPTER 22: The Role of the Catholic Church in African Chattel Slavery

PART FIVE: Early North American Slavery

CHAPTER 23: The First Enslaved Africans in Colonial America

CHAPTER 24: Native Americans

CHAPTER 25: Slavery in the Colonial History of the United States

CHAPTER 26: Spanish Slavery in the New World

CHAPTER 27: French Slavery in The New World

CHAPTER 28: British Slavery in the New World

CHAPTER 29: Dutch Slavery in the New World

PART SIX: Unearthing Histories: England, Slavery, and the Revolutionary Era

CHAPTER 30: Indentured Servant or Slave: England’s History of Slavery in North America

CHAPTER 31: Revolutionary War Era

CHAPTER 32: Enslaved African Americans’ Family Life

PART SEVEN: Excerpt from the Book The Autobiography of An American Ghetto Boy  by Tony Rose

CHAPTER 33: A Tale of Two Families

CHAPTER 34: New Orleans – My Grandmére’s Grandmother’s Birthplace

CHAPTER 35: What White People Thought Black People Were Like

CHAPTER 36: The Ugly White Ghosts

PART EIGHT: Crossing the Abyss: Slave Transport and the Wanderer Tragedy

CHAPTER 37: Slave Transportation by Sea – Horror on the Wanderer

CHAPTER 38: A Means to an End - The Expansion of the Interstate Slave Trade

PART NINE: Civil War and the Emancipation of Slavery

CHAPTER 39: The 1860 Presidential Election

CHAPTER 40: Reconstruction to Present

CHAPTER 41: The End of Slavery

CHAPTER 42: Is It Really Freedom???

CHAPTER 43: Slavery Preposterously Labeled as a Necessary Evil

CHAPTER 45: The Song and the Silence

More About the Author

On The Cover

Mr. John Hartfield was an African American man who was lynched and burned to death, in Ellisville, Mississippi by the white uncivilized animals on the cover and ten thousand more white uncivilized animals in 1919, for allegedly having a white girlfriend. The murder was announced a day in advance in major newspapers. A crowd of as many as 10,000 watched while Hartfield was hanged, shot, and burned. Pieces of his corpse were chopped off and sold as souvenirs.

Mr. Hartfield left his home in Ellisville seeking a better life in East Saint Louis. In 1919, he traveled back to Ellisville to visit his white girlfriend, Ruth Meeks, taking a job as a hotel porter in Laurel. When the relationship became known to some white men, they determined to kill Hartfield. They accused Hartfield of raping Meeks, who they claimed was eighteen, although she was in her mid-twenties. Hartfield managed to elude them for a while, but they pursued him for several weeks.

At the request of Sheriff Harbison, Sheriff Allen Boutwell in Laurel raised donations to fund a hunting party with bloodhounds. Mr. Hartfield was apprehended while attempting to board a train on June 24th and was turned over to Sheriff Harbison, who placed him in the charge of a deputy and left town. The deputy immediately released him to a mob.

The Jackson Daily News, the New Orleans States, and other newspapers ran headlines that John Hartfield will be lynched by Ellisville mob at 5:00 this afternoon and additional text that The officers have agreed to turn him over to the people of the city at 4 o'clock this afternoon when it is expected he will be burned. Hartfield had been wounded, so a white doctor, A. J. Carter, treated his wounds to keep him alive long enough to be murdered. At 5:00 PM on June 26, 1919, a large cheering crowd assembled to watch the premeditated murder of John Hartfield. Theodore Bilbo, the governor of Mississippi, took no action.

Hartfield was hung from a tall, sweet gum tree; while still alive his body was riddled with bullets, then brought to the ground where white men cut up his corpse for souvenirs, finally burning what remained of him.

Afterward, commemorative postcards of the lynching were created and sent out. A story circulated among whites that Hartfield had been hanged from the very same tree where the Confederates had hanged three insurgents in the Civil War.

Governor Bilbo, of Mississippi declared, This is a white man's country, with a white man's civilization and any dream on the part of the Negro race to share social and political equality will be shattered in the end.

Days later, a Black man in Perry County was murdered by a mob because he mentioned Hartfield's death.

PREFACE

A Blueprint for Reparations

The white men on the cover with Mr. Hartfield are murderers, lynchers, and arsonists. Probably, all hail from Ellisville, Mississippi, and should be easily identified. All should be posthumously arrested, charged, and convicted of murder. There are many thousands of white men posing in photos with lynched, murdered, and burnt alive African American men, women, and children, that have participated in their demise. All should be identified and convicted of murder posthumously by their city and state.

Millions and millions and millions and millions more of Africans and African-descended men, women, and children were worked to death, lynched, burnt alive, thrown into boiling water, raped, and killed, during the 500 years of slavery in North America by the British, French, Spanish, Dutch, and white Americans. The British Crown, France, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United States of America, should all be held accountable, in the billions of trillions and trillions of dollars.

The United States of America’s government, cities, towns, and states, and the white people of America should all be held liable in the billions of trillions of dollars for the horrors of slavery, reconstruction, segregation, institutional racism, red-lining, cruel and unjust treatment, and the extraordinary violence of white people against Africans and African Americans for over four hundred years.

These white Americans are liable to all African Americans in the United States of America in the amount of four hundred billion-trillion dollars. We need our attorneys (Attorney Benjamin Crump comes to mind) to do a class action suit for eighty million African Americans against the United States of America’s government - all fifty states, and three hundred million + white people and their forefathers - for the dehumanizing, demonizing, cruelty, falsely abusing, and accusing, generations, after generations, after generations with their white supremacy and hatred of our innocent African and African American ancestors.

Plus, an apology and a thank you for the services and work that our African ancestors provided to Great Britain, France, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, and the white Americans for free.

Jimmy the Greek was right when he said that white American slave owners would breed a big Black man with a big Black woman that would produce bigger Black slaves that could work harder and longer, making the slave owner more money. There were hundreds of different and various horrific experiments performed on Africans and African Americans during slavery, reconstruction, and segregation.

The trauma, PTSD, and horror of our ancestral African and African American forefathers from having to live with white people in America, generation after generation, after generation is worth another one hundred billion dollars for therapy and mental health care for the 80 million African American survivors of white people traumatizing African Americans, with their hate, cowardness, jealousies, prejudice, and racism.

PRELUDE

Reparations From White People

General Overviews AND APOLOGIES

A THANK YOU, AN APOLOGY, A SOLEMN WEEK

and REPENTANCE for the descendants of African slaves in

Western Europe, the Caribbean, South,

Central and Northern America.

The African slaves that arrived in the English colony, Jamestown, in 1619 were not arriving in America or the United States of America; they were Spanish slaves arriving in Jamestown, Virginia, a British colony. Yet, when the United States declared its independence from England, the offspring of those slaves remained as slaves and thus it began and became the most shameful and darkest period of the United States of America’s history.

REPARATIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND OTHER COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD

PAYING REPARATIONS IS SHOWING RESPECT FOR AFRICA, AFRICANS, AND THE DESCENDANTS OF AFRICAN SLAVES IN WESTERN EUROPE, THE CARIBBEAN, AND THE AMERICAS.

England, France, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Holland, The United States of America, and the Catholic Church all owe Reparations in the Billions of Trillions of dollars to Africa and African Americans.

England, France, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Holland, The United States of America, and the Catholic Church all owe every African in every village, town, and city on the continent of Africa, a home with electricity, clean running water, air conditioning, toilets, and thousands of sewage treatment plants.

For instance, France owes every descendent of African slaves in Haiti, an Earthquake-resistant home with electricity, clean running water, air conditioning, toilets, and thousands of sewage treatment plants. France also owes every descendant of African American slaves in the Louisianna Territory of New Orleans, Louisianna, Arkansas, all the territory and land that was sold to the United States during the Louisiana purchase by the French in the hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of millions and billions of dollars.

The Louisiana Purchase extended United States sovereignty across the Mississippi River, nearly doubling the nominal size of the country. The purchase included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces, including the entirety of Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska; large portions of North Dakota and South Dakota; the area of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; the northeastern section of New Mexico; northern portions of Texas; New Orleans and the portions of the present state of Louisiana west of the Mississippi River; and small portions of land within Alberta and Saskatchewan. At the time of the purchase, the territory of Louisiana's non-native population was around 60,000 inhabitants, of whom half were enslaved Africans.

England owes all the descendants of African slaves in the British Black Commonwealth countries, including Nigeria, Jamaica, and Bermuda, a home with electricity, clean running water, air conditioning, toilets, and millions of sewage treatment plants. England and the British Crown all owe every descendant of African American slavery in the thirteen British Colonies in North America from 1619 – 1781 Reparations in the hundreds and hundreds of billions of dollars.

Portugal owes all the descendants of African slaves in Angola, Brazil, and Cape Verde a home with electricity, clean running water, air conditioning, toilets, and thousands of sewage treatment plants.

Spain with all the descendants of African slaves in Cuba, South America, and Central America owes reparations in the hundreds of billions of dollars to every African American descendant of the Spanish and African slaves, in Florida, The Florida Keys, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and California.

The United States owes every family/descendant of African slaves and Native Americans in America a home with electricity, clean running water, air conditioning, toilets, and thousands of sewage treatment plants; and every African American family, forty acres of land in a place of their choice in America.

ALSO, A THANK YOU, AN APOLOGY, A SOLEMN WEEK, and REPENTANCE for the descendants of African slaves in Western Europe and America. It is my opinion and this book’s that reparations begin with a thank you and an apology to every African and African American from the white people of America, The United States Government, the Congress, the Senate, and the legislative branches of all 50 American states, and from the governments and people of Western Europe.

INTRODUCTION

Let Me Tell You What European-to-African Slavery Was Like

It was like Aliens from another Galaxy outside of our Milky Way Galaxy coming to the Planet Earth and taking white people - men, women, and children from Cleveland, Ohio, away to their planet and putting them to work in their fields, plantations, farms, homes, etc. for six hundred years and they and their offspring can never go back to Cleveland again.

They are taken away from their wives, children, families, religion, and all they know and brought to this alien planet, where they have to learn the aliens’ language, but cannot read and are put to death if caught reading or learning the aliens’ customs, rules and regulations, and their children’s, children’s, children are kept in bondage where they are beaten and killed at will and worked to death on this alien planet for six hundred years until a Civil War is fought for their freedom; and for the next hundred and fifty years, the original people from Cleveland and their descendants are vilified, hated, lynched, killed and murdered at will, until another war is fought for their Civil Rights.

The white man has been the natural enemy of every Black man, woman, and child since the first African arrived in English colonial, British Crown rule in Jamestown, Virginia, where in 1619, they were placed into slavery and could not leave, and their children, children’s children, children’s children’s children, and so on, and so on, spreading across English colonial America with the English Crown reaping hundreds of trillions of dollars off their backs, worked to death from birth to death, Africans and their children, building colonial America and so on until the signing of The Declaration of Independence from England was ratified in 1781 and Africans and their children became the enslaved chattel of the wealthy plantation owners, like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson; and a three-year-old child would awaken one day and realize that these crazy white people around him owned him and they could do anything they wanted with and to him or her.

He belonged to them and was their property to do anything they wanted to do with him and he could not leave and just walk out the door; he was their chattel, they owned him and he could not leave because there was nowhere to go and every year with his work they made money on him and they grew richer and richer on his slavery and back, and so would his children’s children’s children’s children, forever and ever and so they kept his children’s children’s children, now and forever in slavery; and these white people, these white people who are only called white people in America; for instance, in England white people are called, Englishmen; in France, Frenchmen; in Spain, Spaniards; and so on, now, want to be friends?!

What the white man should do is erase the horror and stench of the name The White Man, and to begin calling himself what he really is a European American Man!!

The reason white people like to be called white people is that they become a collective, they are all as one, instead of being different individuals from different nations; and the power of the white man against the Black man and the Native American, well, in America being a White Man after 250 + years is still a powerful collective to be.

**********

The avowed white supremacist and slaveholder, Benjamin Franklin, who called the Iroquois Nation, ignorant savages, yet stole from them the idea of forming a Declaration of Independence from England, along with Thomas Jefferson, another white supremacist slaveholder and rapist, said, The whites who have slaves and not laboring are enfeebled and therefore not too generally prolific. The slaves are being worked too hard and are ill-fed. Their constitutions are broken and the deaths among them are more than the births, so that a continual supply of new slaves is needed.  Meaning that white people were lazy and bought slaves to do their work. It was really that simple. White people were too lazy to do their own work.

And until every white man, woman, and child writes a letter thanking our African forefathers, and apologizing to their African American friends and African American families for the sins of their ancestors’ racism in America, racism and America will never change.

**********

Opening the plantations in the South during the Civil War by white Union generals was similar to opening up Jewish concentration camps in World War II. Some Union generals were inspired to help open HBCUs because of the human tragedy of our African/African American ancestors that they had witnessed.  It was horrific, in both cases.  Africans and African Americans had been basically used as animals, could not read, or write, and had nothing.

In America, the white man stole the best land, the Native Americans got the worst land, and the African American man got no land.

Not one slave was living in the United States of America in 1619, as the United States of America had yet to be formed. The first slaves from Africa arrived in Virginia in 1619, just twelve years after the founding of Jamestown, and were slaves of the British colonials and the British Crown.

The slaves from 1619 to 1776 in the thirteen original colonies did not belong to Americans, they belonged to England and the English Crown. In 1776, after the Declaration of Independence, which granted the wealthy English landowners and slaveholders independence from Great Britain (England) was signed and ratified in 1981; now American landholders and slaveholders, the African and his African descendants became African Americans.

Initially regarded as indentured servants who could buy their freedom, the institution of slavery began to harden, and involuntary servitude became lifelong as the demand for labor on tobacco and rice plantations grew in the 1660s.

Slavery became identified with Black and brown skin color, at the time seen as a "BLACK RACE", and, by law, the children of slave women were born slaves. By the late 1770s African slaves comprised a fifth of the American population.

Among the first documented Africans in British North America were approximately twenty men and women who arrived at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. They were captives, likely from the kingdom of Ndongo in present-day Angola. Privateers had seized them from a slave ship bound for Mexico and traded them in Virginia.

However, the African slaves that arrived in Jamestown in 1619 were not arriving in the United States of America; thus, they were not African Americans! They were Spanish slaves arriving in Jamestown, Virginia, a British colony. If anything, once they landed in Jamestown, Virginia, they were the property of Great Britain and belonged to the English Crown.

The Western Europeans and the Americans expressed little interest in African lore; in the cultural, architectural, or scientific underpinnings of the superior and older African Civilization. Staring at an advanced civilization straight in the face, the Western Europeans and Americans reduced it either to barbarism or decadence. They took refuge in the hard edges and right angles of their own language, even while - sniffing and scorning - they acknowledged it to be inferior to the sinuous, supple, all-accommodating English, Spanish, Greek, or European tongue.

No one was living in the United States of America in 1619, as the United States of America had yet to be formed. The first slaves from Africa arrived in Virginia in 1619, just twelve years after the founding of Jamestown.

PART ONE

Colonial Virginia, Africa, and the Early African and African American Experience

CHAPTER 1

Forty Acres and A Mule

At 8:00 p.m., on January 12, 1865, days after completing his march to the sea, Major General William Tecumseh Sherman and President Lincoln’s Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, met with 20 Black ministers on the second floor of his headquarters in Savannah, Georgia. Among the ministers were: John Cox, 58, enslaved in Savannah until he bought his freedom for $1,100 and William Gaines, 41, born in Georgia an enslaved person owned by former U.S. Senator Robert Toombs, until the Union forces freed him. The Civil War would soon end, and the matter at hand that night was urgent.

The ministers had chosen as their spokesman, the Reverend Garrison Frazier, 67, who