Hallo Kubernetes: Container, Orchestration, Management, and Monitoring

By Agus Kurniawan

Explore the dynamic world of Kubernetes from the ground up with "Hallo Kubernetes," your comprehensive guide to mastering container orchestration, management, and monitoring. This book provides an extensive look into how Kubernetes operates, coupled with detailed exercises to build, manage, and scale applications effectively using this powerful platform.

Starting with a clear introduction to what Kubernetes is and why it's a game-changer for modern software deployments, the book progresses into hands-on exercises to get you up and running. You'll learn how to install and enable Kubernetes using Docker Desktop, configure Rancher Kubernetes Engine, and manage Kubernetes clusters using various tools such as kubectl and Helm.

Each chapter is meticulously designed to enhance your understanding and skills, focusing on real-world applications of Kubernetes functionalities such as deployments, services, storage solutions, ingress networking, and even Kubernetes secrets for managing sensitive data. The exercises are structured to guide you through basic setups to more advanced configurations, ensuring you gain practical knowledge and confidence in using Kubernetes.

For those looking to dive deeper, the book covers advanced topics such as autoscaling, managing cron jobs, and deploying the Kubernetes Dashboard UI. It also offers insights into the strategic use of Kubernetes namespaces and ingress resources to optimize your container environments for both development and production.

Whether you're a beginner curious about containerization or an experienced developer aiming to leverage Kubernetes at scale, "Hallo Kubernetes" offers the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and excel in the world of containers and orchestration. Join the ranks of skilled Kubernetes professionals with this essential guide at your side.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Ilmu Data
• Release date: May 6, 2024
• ISBN: 9798224796021

Book preview

Preface

Welcome to Hallo Kubernetes: Container, Orchestration, Management, and Monitoring. This book is designed to guide you through the fascinating world of Kubernetes, a powerful tool for managing containerized applications at scale. Whether you are a developer, system administrator, or IT professional, this book aims to equip you with the knowledge and skills necessary to deploy, manage, and monitor containers effectively using Kubernetes.

The journey through the pages of this book will take you from the basic concepts of containerization to the advanced techniques of orchestration and management. We will start with an introduction to containers and why they are revolutionary. Following this, we will dive into Kubernetes architecture, exploring its components and how they work together to provide a robust environment for managing containers. The subsequent chapters will cover practical implementations, including setting up Kubernetes clusters, deploying applications, scaling, updating, and securing your setups. Finally, we will explore monitoring and logging to ensure the health and performance of your applications and infrastructure.

This book is structured to provide a balance of theoretical knowledge and practical examples, ensuring that you not only understand the concepts but also know how to apply them in real-world scenarios. Each chapter includes step-by-step guides, best practices, and common pitfalls to avoid. By the end of this book, you will be well-versed in using Kubernetes to its full potential, making you a valuable asset in the field of modern IT infrastructure management.

Agus Kurniawan

Depok, March 2024

Acknowledgments

Writing Hallo Kubernetes: Container, Orchestration, Management, and Monitoring has been an exhilarating journey, one that I could not have embarked on without the support and encouragement of numerous individuals.

First and foremost, I would like to thank the Kubernetes community. Their relentless dedication to improving the ecosystem has not only made this book possible but has also continued to inspire and challenge me throughout the writing process.

Enjoy your journey through the pages of Hallo Kubernetes and the adventures that await in the world of containers and Kubernetes.

1 Introduction

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration system that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

1.1 What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes, also known as K8s, is a powerful container orchestration system that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It was originally developed by Google and is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). Kubernetes provides a platform-agnostic layer that abstracts the underlying infrastructure and allows developers to deploy and manage containerized applications at scale.

1.2 Why use Kubernetes?

Kubernetes provides a wide range of benefits for developers, including:

Scalability: Kubernetes allows you to easily scale your applications up or down based on demand.

Resilience: Kubernetes provides self-healing capabilities that allow it to automatically recover from node failures or other issues.

Portability: Kubernetes is platform-agnostic and can be run on a variety of cloud providers, on-premises data centers, and other infrastructure.

Flexibility: Kubernetes supports a wide range of container runtimes, including Docker, rkt, and CRI-O.

Automation: Kubernetes automates many tasks related to deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications, which can save time and reduce the risk of errors.

1.3 How does Kubernetes work?

Kubernetes works by organizing containers into logical units called pods, which can be scaled up or down as needed. Pods are scheduled onto nodes, which are the individual worker machines in the Kubernetes cluster. Kubernetes uses a declarative model to specify the desired state of your applications and then automatically works to ensure that the actual state matches the desired state. This includes tasks such as provisioning storage, networking, and load balancing. Kubernetes also provides a wide range of APIs and tools for managing and monitoring your applications, including the kubectl command-line tool, the Kubernetes dashboard, and many third-party tools and plugins.

1.4 Kubernetes Platforms

A Kubernetes platform is a software solution that provides a full-featured implementation of the Kubernetes container orchestration system. A Kubernetes platform typically includes features such as:

Cluster management: The ability to create, manage, and scale Kubernetes clusters across multiple nodes and cloud providers.

Application deployment and management: Tools for deploying and managing containerized applications on Kubernetes clusters, including automated scaling and self-healing capabilities.

Monitoring and logging: Tools for monitoring and logging the performance and health of Kubernetes clusters and applications.

Security: Features for securing Kubernetes clusters and applications, including role-based access control, network policies, and encryption.

Integration with other tools and platforms: Support for integrating with other tools and platforms such as container registries, CI/CD pipelines, and service meshes.

Kubernetes platforms can be deployed on-premises or in the cloud, and can be used by developers, DevOps teams, and IT operations teams to manage and deploy containerized applications at scale.

There are many Kubernetes platforms available, including:

Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)

Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)

Microsoft Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)

Red Hat OpenShift

IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service

DigitalOcean Kubernetes

VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid

Canonical Kubernetes (kubeadm)

Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE)

K3s

MicroK8s

Each platform has its own features, pricing, and target audience, so it’s important to evaluate them based on your specific needs and requirements.

For learning and development purposes, I would recommend the following Kubernetes platforms:

Docker Desktop: This is a full-featured desktop application that includes Kubernetes as one of its features. It provides a simple and easy-to-use interface for managing Kubernetes clusters and includes other tools such as Docker Compose and the Docker CLI. On the other hand, Minikube is a command-line tool that provides a lightweight,single-node Kubernetes implementation.

Minikube: This is a lightweight, single-node Kubernetes implementation that is designed for local development and testing. It can be run on a laptop or desktop computer and provides a simple and easy-to-use environment for learning and experimenting with Kubernetes.

Kind (Kubernetes in Docker): This is another lightweight Kubernetes implementation that runs on Docker. It is designed to be easy to use and can be set up quickly for testing and development purposes.

K3s: This is a lightweight, certified Kubernetes distribution that is optimized for IoT and edge computing. It is easy to install and use and provides a full Kubernetes API and feature set.

All of these platforms are free, open-source, and can be run on a local machine, making them ideal for learning and development purposes. Additionally, they provide a simplified Kubernetes environment, which makes it easier to get started with Kubernetes without being overwhelmed by the full complexity of the platform.

In this book, we will use Docker Desktop as Kubernetes, Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE) platforms, and OpenShift.

2 How to Use This Book

2.1 Introduction

Here are some general steps you can follow to use this book:

Read the introduction: Start by reading the introduction and any other sections that provide an overview of the lab or technology you will be working with. This will give you a better understanding of the goals and objectives of the lab.

Gather materials: Depending on the lab, you may need to gather specific materials or software tools. Make sure you have everything you need before you start.

Follow the instructions: The lab will provide a set of instructions that will guide you through the tasks you need to complete. Read each step carefully and make sure you understand what you need to do before moving on to the next step.

Perform the exercises: Perform the exercises or tasks as instructed. Take your time and make sure you understand what you’re doing at each step.

Troubleshoot: If you encounter any problems or errors, try to troubleshoot the issue by referring back to the instructions or doing some research online. If you’re still stuck, don’t hesitate to ask for help from a mentor or online community.

Review and reflect: After completing each exercise or task, take some time to review what you’ve learned and reflect on your experience. This will help reinforce your knowledge and identify areas where you may need to spend more time.

Move on to the next exercise: Once you’ve completed all the exercises or tasks in the lab, move on to the next one. Repeat the steps above for each exercise until you’ve completed the entire lab.

This book can be a great way to learn new skills and technologies. Just make sure you take your time, follow the instructions carefully, and don’t hesitate to ask for help if you need it.

2.2 Source Code

You can download all sources codes on this book on https://github.com/agusk/book-hallo-kubernetes.

2.3 Feedback

If you have any specific questions or feedback about a particular hands-on lab book related to Docker, feel free to ask and I’ll do my best to assist you.

You can contact me on this email, [e-mail]

3 Up and Running Kubernetes

  In this lab, we will install Kubernetes with Docker Desktop on a machine. Docker Desktop provides an easy-to-use interface for managing Kubernetes clusters and makes it easy to get started with Kubernetes development and testing. We will also install Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE) on a single node to deploy a Kubernetes cluster. Rancher is an open-source container management platform that simplifies the deployment and operation of Kubernetes in production environments. By the end of this lab, you will have a working Kubernetes cluster running on your machine and be ready to deploy and manage containerized applications.

3.1 Prerequisites

Windows, macOS and Linux

At least 4GB of RAM

At least 2 CPU cores

Docker Desktop installed and running

3.2 Objectives

To install Kubernetes platform using Docker Desktop

To install Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE) on a single node

3.3 Exercise 1: Install and Enable Kubernetes using Docker Desktop

Firstly, you should install Docker Desktop by following steps on https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/. Next, we will activate Kubernetes on Docker Desktop.

Steps

Open Docker Desktop and go to the Settings menu.

Navigate to the Kubernetes tab and check the Enable Kubernetes option.

Figure 3.1 Enable Kubernetes on Docker desktop

Figure 3.1 Enable Kubernetes on Docker desktop.

Click on Apply & Restart to apply the changes and restart Docker Desktop.

Wait for Docker Desktop to restart and the Kubernetes cluster to be created. This may take a few minutes.

Once the cluster is created, open a PowerShell or command prompt window / Terminal and run the following command to verify that Kubernetes is running:

kubectl version

Figure 3.1 Enable Kubernetes on Docker desktop

Figure 3.2 Check kubectl version.

Congratulations! You have successfully installed Kubernetes with Docker Desktop.

3.4 Exercise 2: Install Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE) on a single node

In this hands-on lab, participants will learn to deploy the open-source Rancher Kubernetes management platform on a single-node cluster using a virtual machine running Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. The lab guides through the process of updating the system, installing Docker, and setting up Rancher in a Docker container. Attendees will then access the Rancher UI to configure and launch