Umhlahlandlela we-Crypto: Isingedvwana sokuqala ngamamashi-ye-khriphtokhwarensi, i-blockchain, nezinto ezingamatshwayibhuqu

By Jon Law

Amamashi-ye-khriphtokhwarensi, i-bhulokhu, izinhlelo ezisetshenziselwa wonke umuntu, nezinto ezingamatshwayibhuqu zinwene ngezikhathi ezingekabangwanga ngokunikezela izixazululo ezikhethekile ezinkingeni eziningi zomhlaba.

Nakuba kunjalo, ku

• Language: Zulu
• Publisher: Aude Publishing
• Release date: Mar 24, 2024
• ISBN: 9798869274465

Jon Law

Jon Law, Aude Publishing'de iş, ekonomi ve finans yazarıdır. Uzun zamandır okuyucu ve yazardır ve Boston Üniversitesi ve Stanford Üniversitesi'nde okumuştur. Altı kitap yayınladı ve jon-law.com adresindeki bloğunu güncelleyen ABD'de yaşamaktadır.

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1

ISANDULELA

Le ncwadi iyisiqondiso futhi iyithuluzi kulabo abazijwayeza nge-cryptocurrency. Ubuchwepheshe obusha buvame ukusandulela ithuba elikhulu, nokho kuphela isigaxa esincane sabantu abasebenzisa ngokugcwele la mathuba. Laba bantu babonakala ngokuvezwa kwasekuqaleni okulandelwa ukuzimisela ukufunda nokuthatha ingozi. Cabanga nje ngabakhi be-intanethi bokuqala bekhulu lama-21, ama-tycoons okukhiqiza we-Asian Miracle, amakoloni ase-United States, kanye nezimboni zokuqala zaseBrithani.

Zimbalwa izinkambu ezihlangabezana nalezi zibonelo njenge-cryptocurrency. Ama-Cryptocurrencies adale izigidi noma izigidigidi zengcebo yeqembu elikhulu labamukeli bokuqala, nokho iningi labanye abantu abajwayele insimu noma ubuchwepheshe. Abaningi baqala ukubona ukuthi i-cryptocurrency, izicelo ezihlukanisiwe, kanye nama-blockchains enza inguquko enkulu kakhulu yezezimali kusukela ku-intanethi, futhi lobu buchwepheshe bushintsha indlela imali nabantu abasebenza ngayo usuku nosuku. Le ncwadi nolwazi olungaphakathi lumele ikusasa ngokuqinisekile libheke endleleni yethu.

Umgoqo womqondo wokungena ku-cryptocurrency, ngokuyisisekelo, injongo yokushayela ngemuva kokudalwa kwalo msebenzi. Ukufunda isikhathi eside kusheshiswa ngokusebenzisa izincazelo zomqondo, imishwana yesigaba, okubonakalayo, nokuningi. Lokho kusho, akubona bonke abadinga ukwaziwa; ukukhetha lokho okufundayo kucishe kubaluleke sengathi ufunda. Ukuze uhlangabezane nalokhu okulindelwe, incwadi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: eyodwa, umhlahlandlela, futhi ezimbili, isichazamazwi. Umhlahlandlela (ophela ekhasini 182) ungafundwa njengendlela eya esisekelweni esigcwele sokuqonda. Ukulandela umhlahlandlela, izigaba zesichazamazwi nezinsiza zisebenza njengamathuluzi okubhekisela kanye nesiqalo sokufunda okuzimele. Uma usuphothuliwe, kufanele ukwazi ukuzifaka ngokuzethemba emhlabeni we-crypto. Lowo umgomo, futhi leyo yincwadi.

Ingxenye yomhlahlandlela iqukethe izigaba ezilandelayo:

Imigomo Ebalulekile &imiqondo

Imigomo Yolwazi Jikelele

Blockchain Imigomo

Imigomo Yokuhweba & Imiqondo

Ulimi olungahlelekile

Izifinyezo

Visual Catalog

Abadlali abaphambili

Umlando > Timeline

Legality

Lezi zigaba zihlose ukunikeza isingeniso esiphelele ku-cryptocurrency. Qaphetha ukuthi inani elikhulu lezincazelo linikezwa kuphela kusichazamazwi ukuze lisetshenziswe njengethuluzi lokubhekisela, kanti umhlahlandlela awuthambekele kangako kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ngizosayina lapha. Kuya phambili!

2

IMIGOMO EBALULEKILE &IMIQONDO

Isigaba esilandelayo sakha ungqimba oluyinhloko nolubalulekile lolwazi oludingekayo ukuze lusebenze kwi-ecosystem ye-cryptocurrency.

Lesi sigaba sihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: imiqondo nemigomo. Imiqondo eyisikhombisa elandelayo iveza eminye imibono ebalulekile kanye nezicelo zesikhala esibanzi kanye nomkhakha we-cryptocurrency:

#1: Decentralization

#2: Blockchain

#3: Cryptocurrency

#4: Cryptocurrency Izimayini

#5: Bitcoin

#6: Ethereum

#7: NFTs

Isigaba semigomo siqukethe amagama azungeze amashumi amahlanu. Imigomo ingafundwa kunoma iyiphi i-oda futhi ifakwe kwinkomba futhi isesha kusichazamazwi esigcwele ekupheleni kwencwadi.

3

UKWEHLUKANISWA

I-Cryptocurrency ngokuyisisekelo ihlose ukuxazulula udaba lokuthembela. Amanethiwekhi aphakathi asekela ngokwawo azungeze uhlobo oluthile lwesakhiwo esiphakathi. Emkhakheni wokukhokha, lokhu PayPal ne-Stripe. Emkhakheni wezezimali, leli inani elincane lamabhange amakhulu. Emkhakheni wedatha, lokhu yi-Google, i-Facebook, kanye nenani elincane lezinye izinjini ezinkulu zokusesha kanye nezicelo zokuxhumana. Kuzo zonke lezi zinhlelo, ukulawula kubekwa ezandleni ze-subset encane yabantu noma ubuchwepheshe, futhi ukufinyelela kulinganiselwe. Lokhu ngokwemvelo kuholela ezindabeni eziningi: i-subjectivity, amaphuzu awodwa okwehluleka, ukuthatha izinqumo ngokungalingani nokuqwashisa, kanye nokuntuleka kwesikhuthazo somuntu ngamunye sokwenza ushintsho kusuka phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo eziphakathi zivame ukuswela, okungenani ngezinga elilinganiselwe, ukungafihli, ukuphepha, nokulandelwa.

Amanethiwekhi ahlukanisiwe, asebenza ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi asakazwayo ama-nodes (amadivayisi kunethiwekhi), anikeza zonke lezo zinto: ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe ngaphandle kwephuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka, ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe ngokusebenzisa okuzenzakalelayo nokususwa kwamabhodlela ahlukahlukene aphakathi, ukubonakala okuphelele nokulandelwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lomphakathi lwerekhodi, ukuthatha izinqumo ezivulelekile cishe kuwo wonke amaqembu kunethiwekhi, njalonjalo.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi umbuzo wezinhlelo eziphakathi ngokumelene nezinhlelo nezinhlangano ezihlukanisiwe unempendulo efanele ngokugcwele: bobabili banezinzuzo nezingozi. Isibonelo, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi ukulawulwa okuphakathi ngezikhathi zempi uhlelo olungcono kakhulu; enye jikelele enobuchule isebenza kahle kakhulu kunomyalo ophezulu weshumi nambili. Kanti, ngalolu phawu olufanayo, isinqumo sokuthi ukuya empini kwasekuqaleni senziwa kangcono kakhulu ngendlela ehlukanisiwe kanye nomkhiqizo ohlangene wemibono eminingi ehlukene.

Esikhathini esidlule, izinhlelo eziphakathi ziye zabusa, futhi amanethiwekhi abantu ngokuvamile ahamba phambili maqondana ne-centralized: abalimi abaningi edolobheni elilodwa, amaqembu amaningi ezombusazwe ezimbili, ama-movie ama-movie kumasevisi ambalwa okusakaza, njalonjalo. Izinhlobo ezithile zamanethiwekhi ahlukanisiwe futhi asakazwayo kanye nezinzuzo ezenziwe ngamanethiwekhi anjalo ziye zaphila kuphela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule noma ngaphezulu ngokutholakala nokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, futhi ngenxa yaleso sizathu izinhlelo ezihlukanisiwe zisetshenziswa kumphumela omkhulu emhlabeni wonke nakuyo yonke imikhakha yomhlaba. Uhlobo oluthile lobuchwepheshe oluye lwakhuthaza lokhu kukhula yi-blockchain. Amanethiwekhi e-Blockchain ngokuyisisekelo uhlobo olusha lwe-database kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokuthengisa. Benza lokhu ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi ahlukanisiwe amakhompyutha axhuma ezinhlelweni ezabelwana ngazo - inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin, isibonelo, isebenza phezu kwezinkulungwane eziningi zama-node ngamanye.

Idatha ibhalwe ngokuyimfihlo ngenqubo ye-hashing (ngokuyisisekelo ekhwabanisa umbhalo) futhi iqinisekiswa ngama-nodes kunethiwekhi. Ngale ndlela, ngisho noma ama-node ngamanye onakele, abahlaseli abakwazi ukwephula uhlelo kusukela amanye ama-node amaningi angenakonakala ahlola nje futhi angasebenzi ulwazi ukuthi amaqembu onakele ahambisa ohlelweni.

Lapho ulwazi ludluliselwa ku-blockchain (isib., Lapho iqembu A lithumela imali eqenjini B), i-asymmetry yolwazi isetshenziswa ngokusetshenziswa kwesihluthulelo sangasese nesomphakathi. Ngisho noma umhlaseli azi uhlelo kanye nezindlela lapho idatha idluliselwa khona (idatha okusho ukudluliswa okuyimfihlo), umhlaseli akakwazi ukuphula uhlelo ngoba iqembu A neqembu B, ngokusebenzisa ikhodi ku-blockchain, basebenzisa izihluthulelo zabo zangasese ukudlulisa ngempumelelo idatha. Konke lokhu kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe kuyo yonke incwadi.

Amanethiwekhi e-Blockchain awadingi nhlobo ukwethembana, kusukela ikhodi yesistimu ayiguquki, futhi amarekhodi asemphakathini ngokuphelele futhi abukwa ngokusebenzisa ama-ledgers omphakathi. Awekho ama-middlemen adingekayo, ngaphezulu, izindleko zokuthengiselana, namaphutha ancishisiwe, futhi izinhlelo zisebenza kahle kunezinye izindlela eziphakathi. Lezi zinzuzo ziye zaholela ekwamukelweni okubanzi kwe-blockchain kuyo yonke i-supply chain logistics, ukuphathwa kwedatha nokuqinisekiswa, ubunikazi bedijithali, izicelo zewebhu ezihlukanisiwe, kanye nemikhakha eminingi.

4

BLOCKCHAIN

Zonke cryptocurrencies ukusebenza ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe blockchain. I-Blockchain, ngendlela yayo eyisisekelo kakhulu, ingacatshangwa njengohlobo lwenethiwekhi egcina idatha ngamaketanga angokoqobo amabhlogo. Ama-Blockchains ashesha futhi aphephile kunezinye izindlela eziningi eziphakathi. Nakhu kanye ukuthi amabhlogo namaketanga angena kanjani:

I-block ngayinye igcina ulwazi lwedijithali, njengesikhathi, usuku, inani, njll.

I-block igcina ubunikazi babahlanganyeli ekuthengiselaneni ngokusebenzisa okhiye bedijithali, okuyizinombolo zezinombolo nezincwadi ezitholwe lapho uvula isikhwama. Ama-Wallets anikeza ukufinyelela empahleni ye-crypto, njenge-akhawunti yasebhange.

Kodwa-ke, amabhlogo awakwazi ukusebenza ngokwawo. Amabhulokhi adinga ukuqinisekiswa kwamanye amakhompyutha, aka nodes kumphambo.

Amanye ama-node azoqinisekisa ulwazi lwe-block eyodwa. Uma sebeqinisekisa idatha, futhi uma konke kubukeka kuhle, i-block kanye nedatha ehambisana nayo izogcinwa kwileja yomphakathi.

Ileja yomphakathi iyi-database eqopha konke ukuthengiselana okukodwa okuvunyelwe okwake kwenziwa kunethiwekhi. Ama-cryptocurrencies amaningi, kufaka phakathi i-Bitcoin, aneleja yawo yomphakathi.

Ibhlokhi ngalinye encwadini lixhumene ne-block eyafika phambi kwayo kanye ne-block eyafika ngemuva kwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izixhumanisi ezakhiwe ngamabhulokhi zidala iphethini efana ne-chain, futhi kwakhiwa i-blockchain.

Isifinyezo: I-block imele ulwazi lwedijithali, futhi uchungechunge lumele ukuthi leyo datha igcinwa kanjani ku-database. Cabanga ukubuka umugqa wesikhathi we-cryptocurrency ngokwengeziwe kanye encwadini ukuze ubheke ukuthi i-blockchain iqhubekele phambili kanjani emashumini eminyaka.

5

CRYPTOCURRENCY

I-Cryptocurrency yigama lengubo. Njengesitolo sohlelo lokusebenza, uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye lusebenza ngenhloso ehlukile, futhi igama elithi uhlelo lokusebenza lisebenza nje ukuchaza imvelo yabo yokuba. I-cryptocurrency uhlelo lwedijithali olusebenza njengendlela yokushintshanisa ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvu zemali noma amathokheni. Amarekhodi obunikazi agcinwa encwadini, okuyi-database esebenzisa i-cryptography ukwenza ukuphepha nokulawula ukuhlinzekwa.

Ama-Cryptocurrencies angasebenza ngokusebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zamamodeli ahlukene: I-Proof-of-Work (PoW) isebenzisa inani elichaziwe lomzamo wokubala ukuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana, kuyilapho ku-Proof-of-Stake (PoS), abanikazi bethokheni bafaka amathokheni abo njengesibambiso. Ama-Cryptocurrencies aphawuleka kakhulu ngokuphathelene nezimali ze-fiat ngokuba yi-decentralized, futhi aqhubeke nokubona ukukhula okukhulu ekwamukelweni komhlaba wonke. Bheka umugqa wesikhathi we-cryptocurrency ngokwengeziwe encwadini ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nokuvela kwe-cryptocurrencies. Ngokushesha oluzayo kukhona ukuqhekeka umsebenzi oyinhloko PoW amanethiwekhi (izimayini), kanye cryptocurrencies ezimbili ethandwa kakhulu, Bitcoin futhi Ethereum.

6

CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING

Izimayini i-cryptocurrency inqubo yekhompyutha, ikhadi le-graphics, noma i-Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) ezama ukuthola impendulo yezibalo kumabhulokhi we-cryptocurrency. Umgodi ngamunye uncintisana emjahweni wokuthola impendulo ngokumelene nabo bonke abanye abavukuzi kunethiwekhi. Uma impendulo itholakele, lowo mgodi uvunyelwe ukukhiqiza i-block bese uyithumela kunethiwekhi ukuze iqinisekiswe futhi iqinisekiswe, okwenziwa ngama-nodes. Zonke ubufakazi-of-Work cryptocurrencies esekelwe ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile izimayini nge ezihlukahlukene algorithms izimayini. I-Bitcoin isebenzisa i-algorithm ye-SHA-256, emele i-Secure Hashing Algorithm futhi ikhiphe izingcezu ze-256. (Intwana ngayinye ukuba yi-1 noma i-0.) I-Ethereum isebenzisa i-algorithm yezimayini ze-EthHash, ngokuyinhloko embiwa ama-GPU asetshenzisiwe. Imakethe yezimayini ifanele ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziningana ngonyaka, futhi iyaqhubeka nokubona ukukhula njengoba izinkampani zezimayini ze-crypto ezifana ne-Argo Blockchain ne-HIVE zihamba esidlangalaleni kuma-caps emakethe we-9-figure.

7

BITCOIN

I-Bitcoin yayiyi-cryptocurrency yokuqala esetshenziswa kabanzi: iyinethiwekhi yekhompyutha evulekile, yontanga, iqoqo lezivumelwano, negolide ledijithali. Ngefomu lomzimba, i-Bitcoin isebenza ngamakhompyutha we-13,000 alayishiwe kunethiwekhi. Ngenhloso, i-Bitcoin iyindlela yomhlaba wonke yokuthengiselana okulula nokuphephile, amandla entando yeningi, kanye nendlela yezimali ezibonakalayo nezingaziwa.

I-Bitcoin yaqalwa nguSatoshi Nakamoto, owashicilela iphepha elimhlophe le-Bitcoin ku-2008 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi wahlala engaziwa ngokuphelele. Kungakhathaliseki ubunikazi bakhe, umdali we-Bitcoin okwamanje uphethe ingcebo ebiza ngaphezu kwe- $ 70 billion (okulingana ne-1.1 million bitcoins) futhi uma i-Bitcoin ikhuphuka amanye amaphesenti angamakhulu ambalwa, lesi sibalo esingaqondakali sizoba ngumuntu ocebile kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Izici ezilandelayo zibonisa ezinye zezinzuzo ze-Bitcoin futhi zenza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha eligcinwa yi-Bitcoin:

I-Bitcoin isemphakathini. I-Bitcoin, njengama-cryptocurrencies amaningi, ineleja yomphakathi eqopha konke ukuthengiselana. Njengoba kungekho lwazi lwangasese okumele lunikezwe ukuba ngumnikazi futhi uhwebe i-Bitcoin futhi yonke imininingwane yokuthengiselana isemphakathini ku-blockchain, abangeneleli abanalutho lokukhwabanisa noma ukweba; okunye kuphela ukukhwabanisa futhi ukuzuza inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin (ngaphandle kwamaphuzu abantu okwehluleka, njengokuhlaselwa kokushintshanisa namaphasiwedi alahlekile) ukuhlaselwa kwe-51%, okuyinto, ngezinga le-Bitcoin, cishe akunakwenzeka. Ukuba umphakathi futhi izibopho ku Bitcoin kokuba engenamvume; akekho olawulayo, futhi ngakho-ke akukho mbono we-subjective noma owodwa ongathinta yonke inethiwekhi ngaphandle kwemvume yawo wonke umuntu kunethiwekhi.

I-Bitcoin i-decentralized. I-Bitcoin okwamanje isebenza ngokusebenzisa ama-node angu-13,000, konke lokhu ngokuhlanganyela kusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana. Njengoba yonke inethiwekhi iqinisekisa ukuthengiselana, ayikho indlela yokuguqula noma ukulawula ukuthengiselana ngaphandle kokuthi, futhi, i-51% yenethiwekhi ilawulwa. Ukuhlaselwa okunjalo, njengoba kushiwo, cishe akunakwenzeka; ngentengo yamanje ye-Bitcoin, umhlaseli kuzodingeka achithe izigidi eziningi zamadola ngosuku futhi alawule umthamo wezinsiza zokubala ezingatholakali nje. Ngenxa yalokho, imvelo ehlukanisiwe yokuqinisekiswa kwedatha yenza i-Bitcoin iphephe kakhulu.

I-Bitcoin ayinakulungiswa. Uma ukuthengiselana kunethiwekhi kuqinisekisiwe, ukuqinisekiswa unomphela kusukela i-block ngayinye (i-block ekubeni yi-batch yokuthengiselana okusha) ixhunywe emabhuloki ngasohlangothini olulodwa lwayo, ngakho-ke yakha iketango elixhumene. Uma sekubhaliwe, amabhulokhi awakwazi ukuguqulwa. Lezi zinto ezimbili, ngokuhlanganiswa, zivimbela ukuguqulwa kwedatha futhi ziqinisekise ukuphepha okukhulu.

I-Bitcoin isebenzisa inqubo ye-hashing. I-hash ngumsebenzi oguqula inani elilodwa libe kwelinye; i-hash ezweni le-crypto iguqula okokufaka kwezinhlamvu nezinombolo (intambo) ibe ukukhishwa okuyimfihlo kobukhulu obumisiwe. I-Hashes isiza ngokubethela ngoba ukuxazulula i-hash ngayinye kudinga ukusebenza emuva ukuxazulula inkinga yezibalo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhono lokuxazulula lezi equations lisekelwe kuphela emandleni okubala. Ama-algorithms we-Hashing angaqhathanisa amanani we-hashed ngokuphambene nokuqhathanisa idatha ngendlela yayo yasekuqaleni, okuyinto ekhandlayo kakhulu, futhi imisebenzi ye-hashing isebenza njengenye yezindlela zokuphula kakhulu zokudluliselwa kwedatha.

Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuchaziwe, i-Bitcoin ihlose ukwenza okulandelayo:

Nika abasebenzisi ikhono lokuthengisa inani nge-intanethi ngendlela ephephile ngaphandle kokuthembela esikhungweni esiphakathi, esikhundleni salokho bathembele ebufakazini be-cryptographic.

Ukuqeda isidingo sabaxhumanisi nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana kwe-supply chain, ibhange, izindlu nomhlaba, umthetho, neminye imikhakha.

Ukuqeda izingozi ezibhekene nokukhuphuka kwentengo, okuphakathi, kanye nendawo eguquliwe yezimali ze-fiat.

Vumela ukulawula okuphephile phezu kwempahla yomuntu siqu ngaphandle kokuthembela ezikhungweni zangaphandle.

Vumela izixazululo ze-blockchain emikhakheni yezokwelapha, yezinto zokusebenza, ukuvota, kanye nezezimali, ngaphezu kwanoma kuphi lapho ezinye izixazululo ezinjalo zingasebenza khona.

I-Bitcoin yi-cryptocurrency eyaziwa kakhulu, futhi ngokufanele: kwakuyi-crypto yokuqala ephumelelayo, i-dwarfs bonke abanye ngobukhulu, futhi yathola ukwamukelwa okusheshayo okujwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, limelela nje isigaxa se-cryptocurrencies, futhi izimali eziningi zedijithali zadalwa ukuthuthukisa phezu kwe-Bitcoin noma ukuxazulula