Discovery of Australia Via India

By Shambhu Prasad Singh

Trading business, transmutation of scientific spiritual and metaphysical concepts were carried out between India-China and Europe (specially from Greece and Rome) through silk route or Red-sea. After the rise of Islam and formation of the Ottoman Empire both the routes were closed as the region across Asia-minor to Egypt was falling under the Islamic Ottoman Empire. Serious and hard conditions were imposed on traders and students of Europe going to India for higher education in the field of math, science, astronomy and metaphysics from the Nalanda University. Due to serious conditions imposed by the Ottoman ruler and insecure situation of the route the relation between Europe and India was almost cut off and Europe sank into a deep well of darkness, ignorance and superstitions. During the 15th century there was a big revolution across Europe to reach India by sea route . In 1492 Columbus  set out with a fleet of three ships in search of India under supervision of the queen of Spain. Columbus by chance  could not reach India but discovered a new big landmass America. But attempts by European sailors continued to reach India by sea route. Portugal sailor Vasco da gama got success in discovering India and he reached India on 14th May 1498 to Calicut port of present Kerala. After the success of Vasco da gama there was serious competition between sailors of Holland, England, France and other European countries.to discover India and Indian Ocean landmasses. In this context the Dutch sailor Tasman achieved a distinguished success in discovering another big landmass in the Indo pacific region and gave it a new name "New Holland" . This "New Holland" became" Australia" of England after the arrival of captain James Cook in 1770 and annexation by Arthur Philip in 1788. Australia became the last episode of the India discovery series started by European courageous sailors..  

• Language: English
• Publisher: Authors Click Publishing
• Release date: Jan 5, 2024
• ISBN: 9788119368396

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Current Geography of

Australia and demography

There are eight states in the country of Australia – Victoria, New South Wales, Canberra, Queensland, North Australia, Western Australia, South Australia and Tasmania. I am currently staying in Croydon, a suburb of Melbourne, the capital of Victoria state. This house belongs to my son Siddharth and his wife Ashwini. Both of them live here with their daughter Amaya and son Arjun. My granddaughter Shaili ( daughter of Anupama and son-in-law Manoj Kumar ) had come on tourist visa at that time. His contribution is also noteworthy in this context. I reached here on 01 March 2023. Due to security, environmental balance, population control, internal law and order, liberal religious outlook and impenetrable geographical fortification, this country is considered safer than other countries. The area of Australia is 66 lakh square kilometers and the total population here is approximately 03 crores. On the other hand, India's population is 135 crores and area is 32 lakh square kilometers. This huge land is a safe island surrounded by sea on all sides. It is spread between 10 and 44 degrees south latitude, 113 and 153 degrees east longitude. Its southernmost province, Tasmania, is an island and is separated from the mainland of Australia by Bass Strait. Its four southern provinces – Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia – are very close to Antarctica. Its distance from Hobart, the capital of Tasmania, is about 3400 km, due to which the cold winds coming from the South Pole reach here without any restriction and cause a lot of frost in these areas, especially in the months of May, June and July. Being in the Southern Hemisphere, the weather and climate here is opposite to that of India and the Northern Hemisphere. When it is cold in India, it is hot in Australia. In the cold season, the temperature falls relatively more in Victoria and Tasmania states. The sky remains cloudy, strong winds blow, it rains intermittently and the temperature reaches zero but snow hardly accumulates. The day becomes much shorter and the night becomes much longer. Sunrise occurs in the north-eastern sky and the sun passes through the northern horizon and sets in the north-west direction. This trend starts from 21st March and reaches its peak on 21st June. The Sun sets after passing through the lowest level or highest latitude of the northern sky. It actually feels like the sun is not visible even during the day, that is, the sunrise did not occur that day. This phenomenon is especially visible in Tasmania and Victoria states. The intensity of the phenomenon reduces as we move towards north. If we move towards the south towards Antarctica, we can experience the night of six month. In contrast, Norway, Sweden, Greenland and the northern regions of Canada experience a 24-hour day. India has a standard time which is 5.30 hours ahead of Greenwich time. The work of the offices of our country is determined by this time. In India, there is a difference of two hours between the local time of far eastern Nagaland and remote Gujarat. When it becomes completely dark after sunset in Nagaland and Manipur, at that time the bright sun is visible in the sky of Dwarka. On the other hand, the time difference between Australia's western city Perth and the eastern islands is 03 hours. While the sun is bright in Perth, there is complete darkness in Brisbane in the east and the Australian islands of the Pacific Ocean. To show this photo-physical situation to the world and to reduce electricity consumption in the country's offices or other institutions, more than four time zones have been created in Australia. Of all these time zones, the Australian Eastern Time Zone is the most commonly used. From the first Sunday of October to the first Sunday of April, this time is five and a half hours ahead of Indian time and from April to October it is four and a half hours ahead of Indian time. Today is 11th April 2023. Melbourne's sky is clear. The sun is shining in the northern sky. The weather is clear and pleasant. But it is difficult to predict whether it will rain after the next hour or whether the frost will increase suddenly because the color of the weather here keeps changing like a chameleon. Here the sun is always rising. There is no Dakshinayan and Uttarayan like in India. Due to being in the southern hemisphere, the Pole Star and Saptarishi are not visible here. I was supposed to leave for India on 24th April but due to the demise of my younger brother's wife, my departure is scheduled for 14th April.

Generally, the credit for