Bots and Bods: How Robots and Humans Work, from the Inside Out
By John Andrews
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About this ebook
- Body structures
- Muscle and movement
- Senses and sensors
- Thinking and feeling
John Andrews
Over the course of a journalistic career that began in the Middle East, John Andrews became The Economist's most experienced foreign correspondent, with postings in Europe, Asia and America. Before joining The Economist, he wrote from and about north Africa and the Middle East for the Guardian and NBC News, interviewing personalities such as Muammar Qaddafi, Yasser Arafat and Ezer Weizman. He is the author of two books on Asia, co-author of a book on Europe and co-editor of Megachange: The World in 2050. www.johnandrews.net
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Bots and Bods - John Andrews
Bots and Bods copyright © 2021 by UniPress Books Limited. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of reprints in the context of reviews.
Andrews McMeel Publishing
a division of Andrews McMeel Universal
1130 Walnut Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64106
www.andrewsmcmeel.com
ISBN 978-1-5248-6936-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2020947821
ATTENTION: SCHOOLS AND BUSINESSES
Andrews McMeel books are available at quantity discounts with bulk purchase for educational, business or sales promotional use. For information, please email the Andrews McMeel Publishing Special Sales Department: specialsales@amuniversal.com
Introduction
chapter 1: BODY BASICS
Almost Human
Baby Bods
Bony Bits
Outer Layers
Arms and Shoulders
Hands and Fingers
Robots Making Things
Legs and Feet
Head and Neck
Chest and Back
Part Bod, Part Bot
Tiny but Mighty
chapter 2: GET MOVING
Muscles and Motors
Sending Signals
Security Bots
Power and Energy
What a Waste
Walking and Running
Fastest Bots and Bods
Bot Travel
chapter 3: SEEING AND SENSING
Fingers and Touch
Eyes and Vision
Robots in the Home
Ears and Hearing
Keeping Balanced
Voice and Speech
Taste and Smell
Robots in Space
chapter 4: THINKING AND FEELING
Brains of All Kinds
How Brains Work
Doctor Bot
Mind and Memory
Getting Emotional
Who’s the Smartest?
Bot Explorers
Bodiless Bots
Bots and Us—the Future
Answers
Index
Picture Credits
Introduction
What is a robot? Is it a kind of metal person with flashing lights, making beeping noises and talking in a funny voice? That could be a robot. But it’s only part of the story. Some bots look like people, but many don’t. They come in all different shapes, colors, and sizes, from the gigantic to the microscopic. Some even look like animals, such as insects, fish, lizards, and dogs.
In 1920, a Czech writer named Karel Čapek first used the word robot
in a play. In his language, it meant forced labor.
The robots in the play were humanlike machines built to do hard work. In the end, they rebelled against their human masters. Robots started to appear in movies after that, and scientists began to build machines that they called robots.
In the 1960s, the first robots were created to work in factories—and the bot world has been growing ever since.
A robot is basically a machine designed by humans that’s programmed to carry out jobs that a person might normally do—or find impossible to do. Robots are built to do things better than humans, and for longer. They make life easier and safer for people by doing dangerous, boring, and dirty tasks. Bots can do exactly the same things day in and day out. They never get tired and always do what they are told. Not many humans can match that!
Because robots do lots of jobs that humans might do, they often copy what the human body does. A person needs energy to do anything, from breathing to hitting a home run. A robot needs energy, too, to carry out its tasks. Humans and robots both have to move around to get anything done, and each has different mechanisms for doing that. Anything a person does relies on information gathered by their senses, such as seeing, hearing, and tasting. A bot also has to know what’s going on around it and needs sensors to pick up the signals. In a human, all of this is controlled by the amazing brain. Robots have nothing as advanced as that to tell them what to do, but they try their best with the computers and other devices that engineers give them!
In this book, you’ll find all the things that humans and robots can do in the same way, and where and how they are different. First, you’ll get to know the basic features of human bodies and how they are copied in bots. Then you’ll see how movement happens, how the world is seen and sensed, and how humans and robots think it all through. Throughout each chapter are interesting examples that point toward a future when bots will be helping bods more than ever.
think about this...
You’ll find Think About This boxes on some of the pages that ask interesting questions about bots and bods. You can find the Answers here.
Almost Human
Robots in movies often walk, talk, and even have feelings. In real life, things are different—but bots are getting closer to bods all the time!
A humanoid robot looks quite a lot like a human but also like a machine. It might even say hello
!
Some robots look a lot like us. They have arms, hands, legs, feet, and heads but are made of metal and plastic. We can still tell they are machines. These bots are called humanoids.
If a robot looks completely human, it’s called an android
—or a cyborg
if part of its body is human and the rest is a machine. If androids and cyborgs sound a bit scary, don’t worry! You’ll find them only in sci-fi books or movies!
There are also robots that don’t look much like us but that carry out human tasks, like helping people in a hospital, making cars in a factory, or keeping places safe. They can move around, pick up and carry objects, and use tools. These working robots are often quicker at doing what we do, and they