The Journal of Inuit Anthropology

By Ho Giustino

"The Journal of Inuit Anthropology" presents a groundbreaking collection of scholarly articles that delve into various aspects of Inuit culture, history, language, and psychology. This comprehensive e-book offers a wealth of knowledge, showcasing the tireless efforts of esteemed author Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler, alongside contributions from other co-writers, supervisors, and reviewers from prestigious academic institutions.

Volume One begins with "A Comparative Study of Hawaiian and Inuktitut: Inuit Linguistics" by Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler. This enlightening exploration delves into the linguistic connections and differences between the Hawaiian and Inuktitut languages, shedding light on the rich tapestry of Inuit linguistic heritage.

Next, "Mapping the Inuit Settlements and Sub-Culture Sphere: Inuit Geography" provides a meticulous examination of the intricate network of Inuit settlements and their associated sub-cultures. Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler offers valuable insights into the geographical aspects of Inuit communities, uncovering their spatial relationships and cultural dynamics.

In "Dividing the Inuinnait: Inuit History," Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler unravels the historical narratives and complexities surrounding the division of the Inuinnait. This thought-provoking study chronicles the social, cultural, and political transformations that shaped the Inuinnait people, offering a deep understanding of their unique historical trajectory.

"Navigating Nutritional and Cultural Shifts in Alaska Food Systems: Inuit Culture" explores the intricate interplay between nutrition, culture, and changing food systems in Alaska. Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler sheds light on the challenges faced by Inuit communities in adapting to modern dietary shifts while preserving their cultural identity and traditional knowledge.

The final paper, "Depression and Suicide Rates among Inuit: Inuit Psychology," co-authored by Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler and Y. Tan, addresses the pressing issue of mental health within the Inuit population. Through a comprehensive analysis, the authors delve into the factors influencing depression and suicide rates, highlighting the urgent need for culturally sensitive mental health support and intervention strategies.

"The Journal of Inuit Anthropology" serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scholars, and enthusiasts seeking to deepen their understanding of Inuit culture, history, language, and psychology. It is a testament to the dedication and collaborative efforts of the authors, supervisors, and reviewers from renowned institutions, including Bergen Community College, Columbia University, Pioneer Academy, Stanford University, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of California Berkeley, University of Florida, and the University of Washington.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Ho Giustino
• Release date: Jun 28, 2023
• ISBN: 9798223060376

Book preview

THE JOURNAL of

INUIT

ANTHROPOLOGY

Qanuqtuurniq: Aakulujjuusiarniq Inuusiq, Aajiiqatigiinniq Ilinniarniq

Embracing Wisdom: Honoring the Past, Navigating the Present, Shaping the Future

1)  A Comparative Study of Hawaiian and Inuktitut

Inuit Linguistics

2)  Mapping the Inuit Settlements and Sub-Culture Sphere

Inuit Geography

3)  Dividing the Inuinnait

Inuit History

4)  Navigating Nutritional and Cultural Shifts in Alaska Food Systems

Inuit Culture

5)  Depression and Suicide Rates amonst Inuit

Inuit Psychology

Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler

Editor and Publisher

Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler

Pioneer Academy

164 Totowa Rd, NJ

[e-mail]

Authors

Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler (Pioneer Academy): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Other Co-Writer of Paper 5 from Pioneer Academy

Supervisors and Reviewers

Various Individuals and Professors from Following Institutions

Bergen Community College

Columbia University

Pioneer Academy

Stanford University

University of Alaska Fairbanks

University of California Berkeley

University of Florida

University of Washington

Publication Information

Date of Publication: June 24, 2023

Place of Publication: University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States (e-Book Publication)

THE JOURNAL of  INUIT ANTHROPOLOGY

Volume One

1)  A COMPARATIVE STUDY of Hawaiian and Inuktitut

Inuit Linguistics

Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler

4

2)  Mapping the Inuit Settlements and Sub-Culture Sphere

Inuit Geography

Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler

50

3)  Dividing the Inuinnait

Inuit History

Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler

82

4)  Navigating Nutritional and Cultural Shifts in Alaska Food Systems

Inuit Culture

Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler

103

5)  Depression and Suicide Rates amonst Inuit

Inuit Psychology

Ho Giustino Lee-Biachler, Yiling Hanna Tan

115

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HAWAIIAN AND INUKTITUT: EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY ON LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Inuit Linguistics

Abstract

Languages are intricate, dynamic systems that capture the social, linguistic, and geographical surroundings of their speakers. Even though there are numerous factors that can affect how a language develops and changes, the interaction between location and history is particularly important. This study compares the histories of Hawaiian and Inuktitut, two languages that experienced similar colonial pressures but came to opposite conclusions about their future and linguistic survival. We want to pinpoint the precise elements contributing to these languages' varied results by contrasting their evolutionary histories. We compared historical and linguistic facts as part of our research, and we also spoke with speakers and scholars of the two languages. The results of this study shed insight into the nuanced interaction between geography, culture, and language, and they have consequences for global attempts at language preservation.

Introduction

Introduction to Hawaiian

In the tropical islands of Hawaii, there is a specific language named Hawaiian, spoken by approximately six hundred thousand individuals. Being first discovered by the Polynesian sailors from the modern-day islands of French Polynesia, especially the northern groups of islands called Marquesas, about 1,600 years ago. Inhabited by the native Polynesians, the Hawaiian language quickly developed in a different route from other languages down south, such as its original ancestor of Tahitian, Samoan, Tongan, and Maori, rooted out from the arrivals, even though northern Polynesian sailors founded the language during the Neolithic era 6,000 years ago. Nonetheless, the Polynesian communities’ characteristics of sail-based society and nomadic wandering social baselines resulted in the arrival of Hawaii formed a tribal society rather than a unified kingdom under a sole central government in the capital.

Introduction to Inuktitut

The history of the Inuit started much earlier than that of the Hawaiians. First arrived by crossing the Bering Strait from the Russian Far East, the Inuit had made the North American Arctic their territory 1,000 years ago. Their ethnic range soonly opened up and expanded from their original starting point near Nome, Alaska, off the coast of the Bering Sea, through Alaska, Canadian Arctics (Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut Territory) to as east as Labradors of Atlantic Canada, Queen Elizabeth Islands, and finally, Greenland, shaping the border between the Eurosphere and the Inuitsphere. While Hawaiians remained mainly on their archipelago, the farthest expected reach being speculated as the Midway Islands, Inuit could handle approximately 3.1 million mi² (8.1million km²), roughly the size of the whole country of Brazil, which is 286 times the size of Hawaiian Islands. This colossal landmass, however, caused Inuit to be homogeneous rather than divided and segregated. Their geographic anomalies could explain this unity among the Inuit intercrossing the border. Located at the relative corner of the globe as the initial identical group from Chukotka, Russia, Inuit remained untouched by their original heritage. Moreover, the shared environment of freezing and hostile tundra climate, the nomadic hunting-and-gathering lifestyle, and the common Arctic culture they had held left out almost the same from Alaska to Greenland. Furthermore, Inuit went through continuous trading and interchanging between their subtribes since they were isolated from most other civilizations, preserving homogeneity across the vast Arctic.

Linguistic Foundation of Hawaiian

Historical Development of Hawaiian

Located at the center of the Pacific Ocean, the Hawaiian Islands were one of the last places discovered by the Polynesian sailors, along with far remote islands shaping the other two points of the Polynesian Triangle of New Zealand and the Easter Island of Chile. First arrived by the Polynesian explorers from the Islands of Marquesas of modern-day French Polynesia, the eight islands of Hawaii were added to the sailors' maps. However, putting the reason for the Hawaiian geography and the sailing as the principal reasons, the Hawaiians experienced the loser and loser connection and eventually segregated and isolated themselves from neighbouring tribes. Different from the continental landmass, where the land is continuously connected as one, the islands, like Hawaii, were separated by a massive body of water, which typically requires much more technology to travel between. To make matters worse, the body of water separating eight islands of Hawaii is the Pacific Ocean, the largest body of water on the Earth. In addition to the ocean, the terrestrial landscape of Hawaii adds on. As a volcanic chain burst from the hotspot, Hawaii Islands hold mountainous and steep landscapes and rugged and hilly terrains, with the highest peak of the archipelago, Mauna Kea being well over 10,200 m (33,500 ft). Plus, unlike the continental nomads or travellers, the sailors were required to move in boats, making the movement scale relatively more minor than on land. Also, considering that the Hawaiians were still going through the tribal period, not the formation of the united country, and the technology of the inventory of the ships was staying at the levels of voyage-canoe, this puts down the Hawaiian cultural unit to the family to the community level, not the intercommunity or national level. This ship-by-ship movement caused the distinction among the settlers which tackled from the unified settlements.

Polynesian Influence in Hawaiian

This tribal settlement society of Hawaii also hugely impacted the scale of languages. Branching out from the French Polynesian language of Tahitian, Hawaiian was able to heir down the Polynesian linguistic characters from Tahitian that can still be audibly seen. In general, Polynesian languages show a vowel-rich phonetic system but only a few consonants in comparison. The vowel-rich language can be seen across the Polynesian languages, from the north as Hawaiian to the south as Maori. [HA]

[HA]

Phonetic System of Polynesian Language

Similar to neighbouring Polynesian languages, Hawaiian shows a much richer vowel-system than its consonant-system. This linguistical development dates back to when the Polynesians first sailed out to sea, and its culture was affected by oceanic geography. As the Polynesian culture first appeared in the Pacific, the vowels were considered much more critical for their language