Tuathanas nan Creutairean
()
About this ebook
When the animals of Manor Farm revolt and take contrl from Mr Jones, they have hopes for a life of freedom and equality. However, when the pigs Napoleon and Snowball rise to power, the other animals discover that they may not be as equal as they had once thought. A tragic political allegory described by Orwell as being 'the history of a revolution that went wrong', this book is as relevant now - if not more so - as it was when it was first written.
George Orwell
George Orwell (1903–1950), the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair, was an English novelist, essayist, and critic. He was born in India and educated at Eton. After service with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, he returned to Europe to earn his living by writing. An author and journalist, Orwell was one of the most prominent and influential figures in twentieth-century literature. His unique political allegory Animal Farm was published in 1945, and it was this novel, together with the dystopia of 1984 (1949), which brought him worldwide fame.
Read more from George Orwell
1984 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Animal Farm: A Fairy Story Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5A Clergyman's Daughter Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Animal Farm And 1984 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Animal Farm Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Facing Unpleasant Facts: Narrative Essays Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Down And Out In Paris And London Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsKeep the Aspidistra Flying Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Coming Up for Air Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Road To Wigan Pier Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHomage To Catalonia Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings1984 (Original English Edition) Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Homage to Catalonia Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Burmese Days Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5All Art Is Propaganda: Critical Essays Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Collection Of Essays Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Homage To Catalonia / Down And Out In Paris And London Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Related to Tuathanas nan Creutairean
Related ebooks
Orwell's Island Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings100 World’s Greatest Short Stories Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsJungle Book: Illustrated Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Heir Of Westfell Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsBest-loved Joyce Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAlbert's Journey Through the Mountains Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsChildren of the Wild Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsFighting the Flames - A Tale of the London Fire Brigade Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsStrange Tales Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Sir Redvers H. Buller, V.C.: The Story Of His Life And Campaigns Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings3 books to know Dublin Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Unnamed Kingdom Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Just So Stories by Rudyard Kipling (Book Analysis): Detailed Summary, Analysis and Reading Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Secret Garden (Classics Made Easy): Unabridged, with Glossary, Historic Orientation, Character, and Location Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Library Mice : Top Shelf, Third Book from the Left Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Jungle Book Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Opal Serpent Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Old Ladies Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Master of Ballantrae (Barnes & Noble Library of Essential Reading): A Winter's Tale Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Achmed Abdullah MEGAPACK ®: 20 Classic Stories Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsLittle Wizard Stories of Oz Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Bird Stories from Burroughs - Sketches of Bird Life Taken from the Works of John Burroughs Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsDubliners - James Joyce Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings“There Be Goblins in the Wood!” Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Tell Tale Heart - The Short Stories of Edgar Allan Poe (Fantasy and Horror Classics) Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5A Holiday in Bed, and Other Sketches Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Complete Works of Saki (Barnes & Noble Library of Essential Reading) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Ullswater Foxhounds 1863-1913 The First 50 Years Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Trail Book - With Illustrations by Milo Winter Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsImmortal's Penance: A Labyrinth of Souls Novel Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Classics For You
The Master & Margarita Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Fellowship Of The Ring: Being the First Part of The Lord of the Rings Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Learn French! Apprends l'Anglais! THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY: In French and English Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Confederacy of Dunces Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Flowers for Algernon Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Poisonwood Bible: A Novel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Silmarillion Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Wuthering Heights (with an Introduction by Mary Augusta Ward) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Odyssey: (The Stephen Mitchell Translation) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Little Women (Seasons Edition -- Winter) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Old Man and the Sea: The Hemingway Library Edition Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5As I Lay Dying Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5East of Eden Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Sense and Sensibility (Centaur Classics) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Ulysses: With linked Table of Contents Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Republic by Plato Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5For Whom the Bell Tolls: The Hemingway Library Edition Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Count of Monte-Cristo English and French Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Farewell to Arms Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Titus Groan Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Jungle: A Novel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Tinkers: 10th Anniversary Edition Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5A Good Man Is Hard To Find And Other Stories Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Rebecca Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Persuasion Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Extremely Loud And Incredibly Close: A Novel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Canterbury Tales Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Princess Bride: S. Morgenstern's Classic Tale of True Love and High Adventure Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Hell House: A Novel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Warrior of the Light: A Manual Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Reviews for Tuathanas nan Creutairean
0 ratings0 reviews
Book preview
Tuathanas nan Creutairean - George Orwell
CAIBIDEIL 1
BHA MAIGHSTIR MACIAIN O Thuathanas an Taighe Mhòir air na bothain-circe a ghlasadh son na h-oidhche, ach a chionn ’s gun robh an deoch air, dhìochuimhnich e na dorsan beaga a dhùnadh. Shiubhail e air fhiaradh dhachaigh le lanntair, thilg e dheth a bhòtannan aig an doras-chùil, dhòirt e glainne mhòr leann dha fhèin on tocasaid anns an sguilearaidh, agus rinn e a shlighe suas an staidhre dhan leabaidh, far an robh a bhean cheana na laighe le srann.
Cho luath ’s gun deach an solas às anns an t-seòmar-cadail thòisich gluasadan is sgiathalaich air feadh nam bàthchannan. Bha tuairisgeul air a dhol timcheall fad an latha gun robh aisling àraid air a bhith aig A’ Mhàidsear, an t-seann arcmhuc mhòr gheal, an oidhche roimhe, agus gun robh e airson an aisling innse dhan a h-uile creutair eile. Bha iad air aontachadh gun coinnicheadh iad uile anns an t-sabhal mhòr aon uair ’s gun robh Maighstir MacIain gu sàbhailte a-mach às an rathad. Bha a leithid a mheas aig na creutairean eile air A’ Mhàidsear Mhòr (mar a bh’ ac’ air, ged a chaidh a thaisbeanadh aig an Fhèill mar An Àilleachd Bhàn) gun robh iad toilichte gu leòr uair de chadal a chall gus èisteachd ris.
Aig aon cheann dhen t-sabhal, air seòrsa de dh’àrd-ùrlar, bha Am Màidsear cheana na shuidhe air a’ leabaidh chonnlaich, fo sholais lanntair a bha a’ crochadh bho chabar-fiodh. Bha e dusan bliadhna a dh’aois agus air fàs caran reamhar o chionn ghoirid, ach le coltas glic agus coibhneil a dh’aindeoin ’s nach deach na bioragan aige riamh a ghearradh. Cha robh fada gun do nochd na creutairean eile gan dèanamh fhèin cofhurtail nan diofar dhòighean. An toiseach thàinig na trì coin, Brogag, Seasag agus Bìdeag, agus an uair sin na mucan, a laigh sìos sa bhad anns a’ chonnlaich air beulaibh an àrd-ùrlair.
Stob na cearcan iad fhèin air sailean nan uinneagan, dh’itealaich na calmain suas dha na cabair, agus laigh na caoraich agus an crodh sìos air cùlaibh nam mucan ag ath-chagnadh. Thàinig an dà each-chartach, Bogsair agus Seamrag, a-steach còmhla, a’ coiseachd gu slaodach agus a’ cur sìos an crubhan mòra gaoisideach gu faiceallach, air eagal ’s gun robh creutair beag air choreigin a’ gabhail fasgadh anns a’ chonnlaich.
B’ e làir reachdmhor mhàthaireil a’ teannadh air meadhanaois a bh’ ann an Seamrag, nach d’ fhuair riamh a cumadh air ais às dèidh a’ cheathramh searrach. B’ e creutair mòr tapaidh a bh’ ann am Bogsair, cha mhòr sia troighean a dh’àirde, agus cho làidir ri dà each àbhaisteach còmhla. Bha stiall gheal sìos a shròin a bha ga fhàgail a’ coimhead caran gòrach, agus gu dearbha cha robh eanchainn cho math sin aige, ged a bha spèis is urram mòr air a thoirt dha airson a stòltachd agus a chomasobrach iongantach.
Às dèidh nan each nochd Muriel, an gobhar bàn, agus Beniàmin an t-asal. B’ e Beniàmin an creutair a bu shine a bh’ air an tuathanas agus a bu chrosta. B’ ann glè ainneamh a chanadh e sìon, agus nuair a chanadh, b’ e rudeigin caran searbh a chanadh e – mar eisimpleir, chanadh e gun robh Dia air earball a thoirt dha airson na cuileagan a chumail air falbh, ach gum biodh e na b’ fheàrr dheth gun earball agus gun chuileagan. B’ e an aon chreutair air an tuathanas nach biodh a’ dèanamh gàire uair sam bith. Nam faighnicheadh tu dha carson, fhreagradh e nach robh e a’ faicinn sìon son gàireachdainn mu dheidhinn. Ach a dh’aindeoin sin uile, ged nach aidicheadh e e, bha e uabhasach dèidheil air Bogsair; bhiodh an dithis aca a’ caitheamh nan Sàbaidean aca anns an achadh bheag uaine shìos seachad air lios nan ùbhlan ag ionaltradh taobh a chèile gu socair, sàmhach gun fhacal eatarra.
Bha an dà each dìreach air laighe sìos nuair a thàinig àl thunnagan, a bha air am màthair a chall, a-staigh dhan t-sabhal a’ gàcail gu fann agus a’ siubhal o thaobh gu taobh feuch am faigheadh iad àiteigin far nach seasadh cuideigin orra. Rinn Seamrag seòrsa de chrò mun timcheall le a cas, agus laigh na h-iseanan sìos faisg oirre agus thuit iad nan suain chadail.
Aig a’ mhionaid mu dheireadh nochd Moilidh, an searrach gòrach brèagha bàn a bhiodh a’ giùlan cairt leòmach Mhaighstir MhicIain, a’ dannsa a-steach air a corra-biod agus a’ cagnadh cnap siùcair. Ghabh i àite shuas faisg air a bheulaibh, a’ sìor shuathadh a muing bhàn feuch am faiceadh a h-uile creutair cho àlainn agus a bha na ribeanan dearga a bha ga pleatadh.
Mu dheireadh dhiubh uile thàinig an cat, a thug sùil timcheall, mar as àbhaist, son an àite bu bhlàithe, agus a phronn e fhèin a-steach eadar Bogsair agus Seamrag; agus laigh e an sin a’ crònan gu toilichte fhad ’s a bha Am Màidsear ag òraid, gun èisteachd ri aon fhacal a bha e ag ràdh.
Bha a h-uile creutair a-nis an làthair ach dìreach Maois, am peata-fithich a bha na chadal air spiris air cùl an dorais. Nuair a chunna Am Màidsear gun robh iad uile cofhurtail agus a’ feitheamh ris gu furachail, rinn e casad beag agus thòisich e:
‘A chàirdean, tha sibh air cluinntinn mar-thà mun aisling àraid a bh’ agam a-raoir. Ach thig mi chun na h-aisling an ceartuair. Tha rudeigin eile agam ri ràdh an toiseach. Chan eil mi a’ smaointinn, a chàirdean, gum bi mi mòran mhìosan còmhla ribh a-nise, agus mus bàsaich mi tha mi a’ faireachdainn gur e mo dhleastanas am beagan gliocais a tha mi air a thogail a thoirt seachad dhuibh. Tha beatha fhada air a bhith agam, tha tòrr ùine air a bhith agam son beachdachadh mu ghnothaichean fhad ’s a bha mi nam laighe leam fhìn anns an stàball, agus saoilidh mi gun urrainn dhomh a ràdh gu bheil mi a’ tuigsinn nàdar na beatha air an talamh seo cho math le creutair sam bith eile a tha beò. Is ann mu dheidhinn sin a tha mi airson bruidhinn ribh.
‘Nise, a chàirdean, dè idir nàdar na beatha seo a tha againn? Innseamaid an fhìrinn – tha ar beatha dòrainneach, trom agus goirid. Tha sinn air ar breith, tha sinn a’ faighinn biadh gu leòr dìreach airson ar cumail beò, agus feumaidh an fheadhainn againn aig a bheil neart is comas obrachadh o mhoch gu dubh gus an toir sinn thairis; agus aon uair is nach eil feum aca oirnn tuilleadh tha sinn air ar spadadh gu brùideil grànda. Chan eil eòlas sam bith aig creutair ann an Sasainn air dè th’ ann an toileachas no ann an cur-seachad aon uair agus gu bheil e seachad air bliadhna a dh’aois. Chan eil creutair ann an Sasainn a tha saor. Chan eil ann am beatha creutair ach truaighe is tràilleachd: sin agaibh an fhìrinn ghlan.
‘Ach an ann mar sin a dh’fheumas cùisean a bhith? An e gu bheil am fearann seo cho truagh ’s nach toir e beòshlaint cheart dha na creutairean a tha a’ fuireach air? Chan e, a chàirdean, chan e agus chan e mìle turas, chan e! Tha fearann Shasainn torrach, tha an aimsir fàbharach agus tha e làn chomasach air pailteas bìdh a thoirt seachad gu fada fada bharrachd chreutairean na tha ann an-dràsta. Dh’fhaodadh an tuathanas seo air a bheil sinn beò fada a bharrachd a dhèanamh – dh’fhaodadh e dusan each a bhiathadh, agus fichead bò, agus na ceudan de chaoraich – agus a h-uile fear is tè dhiubh beò ann an cofhurtachd agus le uaisle air nach urrainn dhuinn buileach greimeachadh.
‘Carson ma-thà a tha sinn a’ cumail oirnn anns an t-suidheachadh sgràthail seo? A chionn ’s gu bheil cha mhòr a h-uile rud a tha sinn a’ dèanamh agus a tha a’ tighinn bhuainn air a ghoid bhuainn le mac an duine. Sin agaibh, a chàirdean, am freagairt dhan a h-uile trioblaid againn. Ann an aon fhacal – Daoine. Is e Daoine an aon nàmhaid da-rìribh a tha againn. Thoir mac an duine air falbh bhon bheatha seo, agus bhiodh am prìomh adhbhar airson acras is tràilleachd air falbh gu bràth.
‘Is e mac an duine an aon chreutair air thalamh a bhios a’ sìor ghabhail gun a bhith a’ dèanamh. Chan eil bainne tighinn bhuaithe, cha bhi e a’ breith uighean, tha e ro lag son an crann a ghiùlan, chan urrainn dha ruith luath gu leòr son coineanaich a ghlacadh. Ach a dh’aindeoin sin, tha e na thighearna air gach creutair. Bidh e gan cur a-mach a dh’obair dha, bheir e dhaibh an rud as lugha son an cumail beò, agus cumaidh e a’ mhòrchuid air a shon fhèin.
‘Is e sinne a tha ag àiteachadh na talmhainn, is e am buachar againne a tha ga mhathachadh, ach a dh’aindeoin sin chan eil sìon againn ach an craiceann tana a tha gar cumail ri chèile. Agus sibhse, a chruidh a tha air mo bheulaibh, cia mheud galan de bhainne a thug sibh seachad anns a’ bhliadhna chaidh seachad? Agus dè thachair dhan bhainne sin a bu chòir a bhith air a chleachdadh son laoigh thapaidh fhoghainteach àrach agus a thogail? Tha a h-uile boinne dheth air a dhol sìos amhaichean ur nàimhdean.
‘Agus sibhse, a chearcan, cia mheud ugh a tha sibh air a bhreith anns a’ bhliadhna chaidh seachad, agus cia mheud dhe na h-uighean sin a tha air blàthachadh a-steach nan iseanan? Tha a’ mhòr-chuid air a dhol dha na bùithtean airson airgead a dhèanamh do MhacIain agus a dhaoine. Agus thusa, Sheamrag, càit a bheil na ceithir searraich a ghiùlain thu, a bu chòir a bhith nan taic agus nan tlachd dhut nad sheann aois? Chaidh gach fear is tè dhiubh a reic nuair a bha iad dìreach bliadhna a dh’aois – chan fhaic thu do chuid chloinne gu bràth tuilleadh. Agus mar thaing airson do cheathrar chloinne agus airson gach obair a rinn thu anns na h-achaidhean, dè fhuair thu riamh ach a’ chuid as lugha agus oisean suarach ann an stàball?
‘Agus chan eil sinn fiù ’s a’ faighinn sìneadh beatha as d’ fhiach. Chan eil mi a’ gearain air mo shon fhìn, oir tha mise air a bhith fortanach. Tha mi a-nise dà bhliadhn’ deug a dh’aois, le còrr air ceithir cheud leanabh air a bhith agam. Sin agaibh beatha nàdarra na muice. Ach chan fhaigh creutair sam bith air falbh bhon sgithinn bhorb aig ceann an latha. A mhucan beaga, a tha nur suidhe an sin air mo bheulaibh, bidh sibh uile, a h-uile mac màthar agaibh, a’ sgiamhail leis a’ bhàs air a’ bhòrd mhòr taobh a-staigh na bliadhna.
‘Feumaidh sinn uile tighinn chun an uabhais sin – crodh, mucan, cearcan, caoraich, a h-uile creutair. Tha an aon rud an dàn dha na h-eich agus na coin bhochda. Thusa, a Bhogsair, an latha a chailleas na fèithean sgairteil sin agad an lùths, reicidh MacIain thu dhan bhùidsear, a ghearras d’ amhach agus a ghoileas d’ fheòil is do chnàmhan sìos son nan con. A thaobh nan con againn fhìn, nuair a dh’fhàsas iad sean is a chrìonas am fiaclan, ceanglaidh MacIain clach timcheall an amhaichean agus bàthaidh e iad shìos anns an loch.
‘Mar sin, a chàirdean, nach eil e cho soilleir ’s a ghabhas gu bheil gach olc a tha