George Clinton: An American Founding Father and American Independence

By Leo V. Kanawada Jr.

In this enlightening snapshot of the early political life of George Clinton who unfortunately is overlooked by many colonial historians as one of America’s Founding Fathers, Leo Kanawada provides an enthralling case study based on trustworthy historical evidence and credible research of this prominent New York leader and his decision concerning American independence.
Most New Yorkers even most New York patriot leaders emphatically oppose independence as late as July of 1776. Even Clinton himself hedges and vacillates on the question of independence. This much is certain: Clinton does not openly advocate independence, either in the Continental Congress or in New York, prior to the Declaration of Independence; he has no systematic “democratic” program worked out for his colony; and even prior to his election as governor of New York, he advocates no revolutionary changes for New York.
To say that Clinton is a radical and that his decision regarding independence springs from an impulse for democratic reform in New York, is misleading. Rather, the key to understanding the emergence of Clinton rests primarily with Clinton’s popularity as a military commander.
In the years ahead, Clinton becomes the longest serving governor (21 years) in our nation’s history. As an antifederalist and as vice president of the United States for eight years under Jefferson and Madison, he is recognized nationally when he openly challenges Hamilton and his Federalist papers with his own “Cato” letters.
In them, as governor, he advocates forcefully for states’ rights, a Bill of Rights, a limited central government, and for programs to alleviate the growing economic hardships facing the country’s poor. All this while cautioning the nation about the glaring dangers in the rise of a powerful, political aristocratic class and the pitfalls of a strong presidency under the recently adopted United States Constitution.

• Language: English
• Publisher: AuthorHouse
• Release date: Jul 26, 2022
• ISBN: 9781665564786

Leo V. Kanawada Jr.

Dr. Leo V. Kanawada, Jr. was born in 1941 in Flushing, Long Island, New York, and educated at Bucknell University, where he received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Secondary Education. His Master of Arts Degree in American History was awarded by The Maxwell School at Syracuse University, and his Ph.D. in History by St. John’s University, Jamaica, New York.

Book preview

© 2022 Leo V. Kanawada Jr. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

Published by AuthorHouse 07/26/2022

ISBN: 978-1-6655-6475-5 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-6655-6477-9 (hc)

ISBN: 978-1-6655-6478-6 (e)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2022913253

Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Getty Images are models,

and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

Certain stock imagery © Getty Images.

Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in

this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views

expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the

views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

For my wife, Carol

my daughter, Kristina, and my son, Sean

and my cherished and precious grandchildren,

Alexandria, Kailee, Sean, Jr.,

Lily and Scott

008.jpg

Thomas Jefferson

Our Sacred Honor

41007.png

"When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another . . . a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness . . .

The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries . . . (He) is unfit to be the ruler of a free people . . .

We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, . . . appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world . . . do, in the name . . . of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES, . . . And, for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor."

Excerpted from the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1    Early Years

Chapter 2    Delegate from Ulster County

Chapter 3    The Minority Leader

Chapter 4    The Drift Toward Independence

Chapter 5    Election to the Governorship

Chapter 6    New York’s First Governor

Chapter 7    Hamiltonians versus Clintonians

Chapter 8    Clintonian Democracy and the Constitution

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Source Notes

Bibliography

About the Author

In Memorium

Preface

41005.png

George Clinton’s early political career and his actions at the outbreak of the American Revolution provide evidence for an interesting case study of a New York leader and the decision for American independence. Most New Yorkers -- even most New York patriot leaders -- emphatically opposed independence as late as July of 1776. From all indications, the facts seem to reveal that Clinton himself hedged and vacillated on the question of independence. This much is certain: Clinton did not openly advocate independence, either in the Continental Congress or in New York, prior to the Declaration of Independence; he had no systematic democratic program worked out for his colony; and even prior to his election as governor of New York, he advocated no revolutionary changes for New York.

To say that Clinton was a radical and that his decision regarding independence sprang from an impulse for democratic reform in New York, is misleading. Rather, the key to understanding the emergence of Clinton rests with contingent political circumstances in New York and Clinton’s popularity as a military commander. Prior to the winter of 1775, Clinton was a firm supporter of the Livingston faction and followed a moderate course in regard to resistance to Parliament, but once Clinton became a general in the field of battle and devoted himself to the defense of New York, he won widespread fame and popularity. Only after other Americans had committed the colonies to independence did Clinton openly espouse separation, and that, together with his military fame, carried him into the office of governor.

CHAPTER ONE

Early Years

41003.png

Charles Clinton, George Clinton’s father, Scotch-Irish and a descendent of the Earls of Lincoln, was born in the county of Longford, Ireland, in 1690. Like many thousands of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians in Ireland at the time, the Clintons found life there intolerable. On May 20, 1729, Charles Clinton and seventy relatives and friends chartered the ship George and Anne and set sail for Philadelphia. After a tragic voyage, plagued by death and near mutiny, the settlers arrived at Cape Cod instead of Philadelphia. There they remained until the spring of 1731, when they departed for Ulster County, New York. After clearing a section of the wilderness not far from the west bank of the Hudson River, the small colony of settlers established their frontier community of Little Britain. At Little Britain, therefore, the American branch of a family was founded that was to give New York a great political dynasty.

Charles Clinton, open, generous and hospitable, an honest man and a loyal subject, was tall and of commanding appearance, endowed with a knowledge of literature and the arts, and known for his ability at mathematics. Although having won the favor of Governor George Clinton, who described him as a good sort of a man, he declined the governor’s favor of the office of sheriff of the City and County of New York or any other commission. For a time, Charles Clinton preferred to enjoy and profit from his good meadow land, but after serving in the French and Indian War and as justice of the peace, he completed his public service as first judge of the Ulster Court of Common Pleas.

Born in an unpretentious, story-and-a-half cottage twenty feet square, situated on a narrow, long strip of land in the rolling hills of the Hudson Valley, George Clinton grew to manhood in a rural environment. Due to the fact that the province contained no public schools, Clinton’s early education was entrusted to a young Scotch clergyman named Daniel Thain, a graduate of the University of Aberdeen. Young Clinton seems to have developed no strong enthusiasm for institutional religion, yet he did show a proper interest in the Presbyterian Church. It is significant to note at that time the influence of Anglicanism, so dominant in the southern counties, was practically non-existent in this part of New York. Very few Anglicans inhabited the Hudson River Valley before the Revolution, and those few were widely scattered and ministered to by a single missionary in Newburgh.

Clinton, like other young boys, experienced the rigors of colonial life in Ulster County, but found himself more disposed to the military. At the age of eighteen, he boarded the privateer, Defiance, at New York harbor, and during the ensuing year, he suffered much hardship and distress. Returning to New York on August 14, 1758, with a meager share of the prize money, George Clinton possibly began to serve with his father and brother, James, in the campaign against Fort Frontenac, present day Kingston, New York. In the fall of 1759, Clinton obtained the appointed position of clerk of Ulster County by the governor. Although he became acquainted with law, he grew restless again, and in the spring of 1760, George Clinton was commissioned a lieutenant in his brother’s regiment. Clinton’s only experience as a soldier before the outbreak of the Revolution was with the British force that captured Montreal in 1760.

George Clinton returned home and was appointed clerk of the Ulster County Court of Common Pleas, and soon went to New York City to study law in the office of William Smith. Smith, an eminent lawyer educated at Yale, in conjunction with William Livingston and John Morin Scott, constantly plagued the royal government of the province with tongue and pen. From this point until the outbreak of the Revolution, Clinton developed a close friendship not only with William Smith, but also with other members of the Livingston faction.

After three years of vigorous