The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022: Towards Blue Transformation

By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

The 2022 edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture coincides with the launch of the Decade of Action to deliver the Global Goals, the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. It presents how these and other equally important United Nations events, such as the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA 2022), are being integrated and supported through Blue Transformation, a priority area of FAO’s new Strategic Framework 2022–2031 designed to accelerate achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in food and agriculture.

The concept of Blue Transformation emerged from the Thirty-fourth Session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries in February 2021, and in particular the Declaration for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, which was negotiated and endorsed by all FAO Members. The Declaration calls for support for “an evolving and positive vision for fisheries and aquaculture in the twenty first century, where the sector is fully recognized for its contribution to fighting poverty, hunger and malnutrition.” In this context, Part 1 of this edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture reviews the world status of fisheries and aquaculture, while Parts 2 and 3 are devoted to Blue Transformation and its pillars on intensifying and expanding aquaculture, improving fisheries management and innovating fisheries and aquaculture value chains. Blue Transformation emphasizes the need for forward-looking and bold actions to be launched or accelerated in coming years to achieve the objectives of the Declaration and in support of the 2030 Agenda. Part 4 covers current and high-impact emerging issues – COVID-19, climate change and gender equality – that require thorough consideration for transformative steps and preparedness to secure sustainable, efficient and equitable fisheries and aquaculture, and finally draws some outlook on future trends based on projections.

The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture aims to provide objective, reliable and up-to-date information to a wide audience – policymakers, managers, scientists, stakeholders and indeed everyone interested in the fisheries and aquaculture sector.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
• Release date: Jul 3, 2022
• ISBN: 9789251363652

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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FAO. 2022. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022. Towards Blue Transformation. Rome, FAO.

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THAILAND. Preparing the fishing nets on a boat.

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

METHODOLOGY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

KEY MESSAGES

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PART 1

WORLD REVIEW

Global fisheries and aquaculture at a glance

Total fisheries and aquaculture production

Capture fisheries production

Aquaculture production

The status of fishery resources

Fishing fleet

Employment in fisheries and aquaculture

Utilization and processing of fisheries and aquaculture production

Consumption of aquatic foods

Trade of fisheries and aquaculture products

PART 2

TOWARDS BLUE TRANSFORMATION

Blue transformation: a vision for transforming aquatic food systems

Intensifying and expanding sustainable aquaculture production

Improving fisheries management

Innovating fisheries and aquaculture value chains

The International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022

PART 3

BLUE TRANSFORMATION TO ACHIEVE THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Decade of Action to deliver the Global Goals

United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030)

United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration

PART 4

EMERGING ISSUES AND OUTLOOK

COVID-19, a crisis like no other

Fisheries and aquaculture adaptations to climate change

Advancing towards gender equality in fisheries and aquaculture

Fisheries and aquaculture projections

GLOSSARY

REFERENCES

TABLES

1 World fisheries and aquaculture production, utilization and trade

2 Marine capture production: major producing countries and territories

3 Marine capture production: major species and genera

4 Inland and marine capture production: FAO major fishing areas

5 Inland waters capture production: major producing countries and territories

6 World aquaculture production and growth

7 World aquaculture production by region and selected major producers

8 Inland aquaculture and marine and coastal aquaculture production by region and by main species group, 2020

9 Contribution of cage and pen culture to inland finfish aquaculture production in selected countries

10 World production of major aquaculture species (including species groups)

11 Reported number of vessels by motorization and LOA class in fishing fleets from selected countries and territories, 2020

12 World employment for fishers and fish farmers by region for selected years, 1995–2020

13 Employment in processing of aquatic products by country for selected years, 1995–2020

14 Total and per capita apparent consumption of aquatic foods by region and economic class, 2019

15 Key issues and solutions for strengthening fisheries management capacity in data- and capacity-limited contexts

16 Trends in the rate of reporting by FAO Members on SDG Indicator 14.6.1 by region, 2018–2022

17 Trends in the rate of reporting by FAO Members on SDG Indicator 14.b.1 by region, 2018–2022

18 Projected fisheries and aquaculture production to 2030

FIGURES

1 World capture fisheries and aquaculture production

2 World fisheries and aquaculture production: utilization and apparent consumption

3 World capture fisheries and aquaculture production (excluding and including algae)

4 Share of world total fisheries and aquaculture production by inland and marine waters

5 Regional contribution to world capture fisheries and aquaculture production

6 World capture fisheries and aquaculture production by ISSCAAP divisions, in absolute values and percentage, 2020

7 Trends in global captures

8 Top ten global capture producers, 2020

9 Marine capture production, average 2018–2020

10 Marine capture production: trends in three main categories of fishing areas

11 Top five inland waters capture producers

12 Inland capture production by country, average 2018–2020

13 World aquaculture production, 1991–2020

14 Annual growth rate of aquatic animal aquaculture production by continent, 1990–2020

15 Production distribution of selected main species groups and type of aquaculture, 2005–2020

16 Contribution of aquaculture to total fisheries and aquaculture production (excluding algae) by region, 2000–2020

17 Fisheries and aquaculture growth comparison by country group by income level (excluding algae), 1990–2020

18 Share of aquaculture in total fisheries and aquaculture production by major species group, 2020

19 Reduction in scale of cage and pen aquaculture in inland waters in China (mainland) in recent years

20 Composition of marine and coastal aquaculture production by main species group, 2016–2020

21 Fed and non-fed aquaculture production of animal species by region, 2000–2020

22 Production of air-breathing fishes in inland aquaculture, 1990–2020

23 Global trends in the state of the world’s marine fishery stocks, 1974–2019

24 Percentages of biologically sustainable and unsustainable fishery stocks by FAO Major Fishing Area, 2019

25 The three temporal patterns in fisheries landings, 1950–2019

26 State of major inland fisheries by region

27 Distribution of the world’s fishing vessels by continent, 2020

28 Fishing fleet size by motorization status, China, 2000–2020

29 Fishing fleet size by motorization status, EU-27, 2000–2020

30 Proportion of global fishing vessels with and without engine by continent, 2020

31 Size distribution of motorized fishing vessels by continent, 2020

32 Share of employment in the primary sector of fisheries and aquaculture by continent

33 Time use categories reporting in the primary sector of fisheries and aquaculture

34 Sex-disaggregated data on employment in the primary sector of fisheries and aquaculture by region, 2020

35 Utilization of world fisheries and aquaculture production, 1961–2020

36 Utilization of fishmeal and fish oil

37 Share of raw material utilized for reduction into fishmeal and fish oil, 2020

38 Average annual growth in aquatic food consumption

39 Aquatic food consumption by continent, 1961–2019

40 Apparent aquatic food consumption per capita by country, average 2017–2019

41 Aquatic food consumption and contribution to animal protein intake by economic class, 2019

42 Contribution of plant and animal proteins to global average daily protein intake, 2019

43 Contribution of aquatic foods to animal protein supply per capita by country, average 2017–2019

44 Relative contributions of aquaculture and capture fisheries to aquatic foods available for human consumption

45 Global export value of aquatic food products and terrestrial meats, 2020

46 World merchandise and aquatic product export value, fixed-base indices (1976 = 100), 1976–2020

47 Percentage of global value of imports of aquatic products by economic class, 1976–2020

48 Global aquatic imports between high-income countries and non-high-income countries by value, 2020

49 Top ten importing countries of aquatic products by value, 2020

50 Unit value of imports of aquatic products by economic class of importers, 1976–2020

51 Percentage of global value of exports of aquatic products by economic class, 1976–2020

52 Top ten exporting countries of aquatic products by value, 2020

53 Trade flows of aquatic products by region (share of total imports, in value), 2020

54 FAO Fish Price Index

55 Share of main groups of species in exports of aquatic products by value, 2020

56 Traceability in value chains of aquatic products: a simple representation

57 FAO Blue Fishing Ports initiative

58 Key messages of IYAFA 2022

59 The contributions of small-scale fisheries (SSF) to sustainable development

60 Uptake of the SSF Guidelines prior to IYAFA 2022

61 Progress in the degree of implementation of international instruments aimed at combating IUU fishing by region, 2018–2022 (SDG Indicator 14.6.1)

62 Economic contribution of fisheries and aquaculture, 2019 (SDG Indicator 14.7.1)

63 Progress in the degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries by region, 2018–2022 (SDG Indicator 14.b.1)

64 Discover, Connect, Take Action: The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030)

65 Number of marine species listed in CITES over time

66 RFMO bottom fisheries management areas in areas beyond national jurisdiction

67 Examples of disruptions, adaptation and mitigation strategies, and lessons emerging from the COVID-19 crisis

68 Adaptive management cycles showing an additional feedback loop to address the dynamic nature of climate change

69 Risk maps of losing salmon biomass due to harmful algal blooms under climate change projections

70 World capture fisheries and aquaculture production, 1980–2030

71 World capture fisheries and aquaculture production, 1980–2030

72 Annual growth rate of world aquaculture, 1980–2030

73 Contribution of aquaculture to regional fisheries and aquaculture production

74 World fishmeal production, 1990–2030

75 Increasing role of aquaculture

BOXES

1 More than seven decades of FAO fisheries and aquaculture statistics

2 Impacts of COVID-19 on global fisheries and aquaculture production and related statistics

3 Improving the FAO periodic assessment of the state of world fishery resources

4 Example of a basin assessment: Lake Malawi/Niassa/Nyasa

5 Global fishing fleets performance

6 Relevance of sex-disaggregated employment data: the case of the processing sector

7 Key findings of report on role of aquatic foods in nutrition

8 Transformation of Asian aquaculture

9 A Global Plan of Action for aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture

10 Progressive Management Pathway for Improving Aquaculture Biosecurity

11 Offshore aquaculture

12 Aquaculture Field Schools in Africa: the impact on youth and women

13 Intelligent partnerships: powerful planning and delivery mechanisms in times of crisis – example of a project in Mozambique

14 Regulation, monitoring and control of transshipment to reduce the risk of IUU-caught fish entering the market

15 Measuring management effectiveness

16 Information and communication technology for small-scale fisheries (ICT4SSF)

17 FISH4ACP – unlocking the potential of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture value chains in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific

18 Renewable energy use in small-scale fisheries and aquaculture value chains

19 Fish and other aquatic foods in healthy diets and sustainable food systems

20 SDG Target 2.5 as it applies to genetic diversity of aquatic resources

21 FAO contributions to SDG 14 conservation indicators on biodiversity and ecosystem function

22 Quality assurance process for SDG 14.4.1 national indicators

23 Towards enhanced reporting and expanded coverage on SDG Indicator 14.7.1 through capacity-building actions – country examples

24 Positioning aquatic foods for nourishing nations by 2030 and beyond

25 Digital innovation for species identification

26 Hand-in-Hand spatial multi-criteria decision analysis in Nigeria

27 Rebuilding fisheries

28 Operationalizing OECMs in the fisheries sector – how do we make it a success?

29 Inland fisheries

30 Highlights of the Glasgow Climate Pact

31 Fostering climate change adaptation and mitigation through improved coastal management

32 Successful women’s entrepreneurial activities

33 Potential fisheries and aquaculture scenarios to 2050

34 Ukraine: preliminary impact of the conflict on the fisheries and aquaculture sector

FOREWORD

Despite significant previous progress, the world is off track to end hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Degraded ecosystems, an intensifying climate crisis, and increased biodiversity loss are threatening jobs, economies, the environment and food security around the globe, all aggravated by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, crises and other humanitarian emergencies. Today, 811 million people suffer from hunger and 3 billion cannot afford healthy diets.

This has elevated the calls to urgently transform our agrifood systems to ensure food security, improve nutrition and secure affordable healthy diets for a growing population, while safeguarding livelihoods and our natural resources.

Aquatic foods are increasingly recognized for their key role in food security and nutrition, not just as a source of protein, but also as a unique and extremely diverse provider of essential omega-3 fatty acids and bioavailable micronutrients. Prioritizing and better integrating fisheries and aquaculture products in global, regional and national food system strategies and policies should be a vital part of the necessary transformation of our agrifood systems.

The 2022 edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture – Towards Blue Transformation – builds on this narrative by presenting quantitative evidence of the growing role of fisheries and aquaculture in providing food, nutrition and employment. In 2020, fisheries and aquaculture production reached an all-time record of 214 million tonnes, worth about USD 424 billion. Production of aquatic animals in 2020 was more than 60 percent higher than the average in the 1990s, considerably outpacing world population growth, largely due to increasing aquaculture production. We are eating more aquatic foods than ever – about 20.2 kg per capita in 2020 – more than double our consumption rate 50 years ago. Globally, aquatic foods provide about 17 percent of animal protein, reaching over 50 percent in several countries in Asia and Africa. The sector employs an estimated 58.5 million people in primary production alone – approximately 21 percent women.

This report also highlights further changes needed in the fisheries and aquaculture sector to address the challenges of feeding the world effectively, equitably and sustainably. Its subtitle, Towards Blue Transformation, reflects the acceleration required to achieve a sustainable, inclusive and efficient sector able to meet expectations, the urgent need to integrate sustainably harvested aquatic foods into national food system policies and programmes, and opportunities to contribute to restoring aquatic habitats and biodiversity.

The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022 is underpinned by a significant policy context. First, the Declaration for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, unanimously endorsed in 2021 by the Thirty-fourth Session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI), concludes with a call to support an evolving and positive vision for fisheries and aquaculture in the twenty-first century, where the sector is fully recognized for its contribution to fighting poverty, hunger and malnutrition. Second, this 2022 edition coincides with the implementation of three relevant United Nations Decades, namely the Decade of Action to deliver the Global Goals, the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, and the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Finally, the report is launched as we approach the middle of the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022. The policy landscape could not be more ambitious and the moment more opportune to transform towards more efficient, more inclusive, more resilient and more sustainable aquatic food systems to help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

Since its first edition in 1995, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture has provided technical insight and evidence-based information on a sector crucial to societal success. It serves a wide audience – from policymakers, managers and scientists, to fishers and consumers – to demonstrate and enhance the vital role and contributions of fisheries and aquaculture to achieve better production, better nutrition, a better environment and a better life for all, leaving no one behind. I am confident that this edition will continue the tradition of making valuable contributions in helping us meet the challenges of the twenty-first century.

Qu Dongyu

FAO Director-General

METHODOLOGY

Preparation of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022 started in April 2021. It is the work of a 12-member editorial board representing the various teams of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Division (NFI), guided by a core executive group of the NFI Information and Knowledge Management Team and a representative of the FAO Office of Communications. Chaired by the Director of NFI, the editorial board met regularly to develop and refine the structure and content, review progress and address emerging issues. This work benefited from wider consultation among the FAO teams in charge of the five FAO flagship publications.

Between May and June 2021, topics and contributors were proposed for consideration by the editorial board, which developed and refined the outline, involving virtually all officers in the division and some from other FAO divisions, with FAO decentralized officers contributing regional insights and stories. Notably, the board drew inspiration from high-level global events, starting from the recommendations of the Thirty-fourth Session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries, enshrined in its Declaration for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, which calls on Members to support an evolving and positive vision for fisheries and aquaculture in the twenty-first century, where the sector is fully recognized for its contribution to fighting poverty, hunger and malnutrition.

The editorial board expanded the 2020 three-tiered structure of the publication, with a view to thoroughly addressing Blue Transformation. Under Parts 2 and 3, Blue Transformation anchors this edition at the centre of the FAO Strategic Framework 2022–2031 in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with a focus on the United Nations Decades, namely the Decade of Action to deliver the Global Goals, the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Furthermore, preparation of the draft took place during a period of unprecedented challenges driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused temporary and permanent structural changes in the sector. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022 attempts to address the changes that are likely to become mainstream as the fisheries and aquaculture sector emerges from the crisis.

With these ingredients in hand, the editorial board adopted a structure in four parts. Part 1, World Review, owing to its historical high readership, was maintained. Part 2, Towards Blue Transformation, focuses on issues coming to the fore in 2021–2022. It examines the key challenges of the three pillars underpinning Blue Transformation, namely expansion and intensification of aquaculture production to satisfy growing demand, improvement of fisheries management to deliver healthy stocks, and upgrading and innovation of fisheries and aquaculture value chains. Part 3 explores pathways for concrete actions during the decade – focusing on the relevant Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets, the need for scientific development and innovation, and the mainstreaming of ecosystem restoration and biodiversity – to enable Blue Transformation to effectively support achieving the Global Goals. Part 4 covers emerging issues and projections (outlook). In addition, this 2022 edition includes, for the first time, an Executive Summary, which covers the entire publication and not only the global trends.

On the basis of the revised structure, various editorial board members were assigned the leadership of a thematic section. Most contributions were prepared by FAO authors, in collaboration with external experts where appropriate (see Acknowledgements).

In July 2021, a summary was prepared with the inputs of all section leaders and revised based on feedback from the editorial board. The summary document was submitted to NFI’s management, then to the FAO Deputy Director-General (Natural Resources and Sustainable Development stream) for approval in mid-July 2021. This document formed the blueprint guiding authors in the drafting of the publication.

Parts 2, 3 and 4 were drafted between September 2021 and January 2022 and edited for technical and language content. In Part 3, the SDG section was finalized in March to allow integration of the most recent data (February 2022) from the United Nations Statistics Division regarding the four SDG 14 indicators under FAO custodianship. In February–March, these parts were submitted in batches for translation into FAO’s six official languages and for review by the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Division and the editorial board.

Part 1, World Review, is based on FAO’s official fisheries and aquaculture statistics. To reflect the most up-to-date statistics available, drafting began in November 2021 and ended in February–March 2022 upon annual closure of the various thematic databases in which the data are structured. The statistics are the outcome of an established programme to ensure the most reliable information, including assistance to enhance countries’ capacity to collect and submit data according to international standards. The process is one of careful collation, revision and validation. In the absence of national reporting, FAO makes estimates based on the best data available from other sources or through standard methodologies.

Developments in recent decades in fisheries and aquaculture, characterized by the sector’s increasing role in food security, human nutrition and trade, have been accompanied by a major expansion of the associated terminology. This has necessitated a thorough review to ensure coherence throughout The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022 and the use of clear and intuitive terms as defined by authoritative sources of FAO or others. A working group was set up to complete this task and a Glossary was elaborated to assist authors, editors and readers.

An advanced draft was externally reviewed in March 2022 by three well-known experts in the area of fisheries and aquaculture. A final draft was approved by the Office of the FAO Deputy Director-General (Natural Resources and Sustainable Development stream) and the Office of the FAO Director-General.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022 was prepared under the overall direction of Manuel Barange and an editorial board under his leadership, comprising Lahsen Ababouch, Vera Agostini, Marcio Castro de Souza, Ruth Duffy, Eszter Hidas, Alessandro Lovatelli, Ana Menezes, Rebecca Metzner, Marc Taconet, Gilles van der Walle, Stefania Vannuccini and Kiran Viparthi.

Authorship of each section was led and coordinated by a different editorial board member. The production process was overseen by Marc Taconet with support from Lahsen Ababouch (technical editing), Emmanuel Blondel (map production), Ruth Duffy (language editing and project management) assisted by Marianne Guyonnet (liaison), and Kiran Viparthi (informatics).

Main authors (all affiliated with FAO, unless otherwise stated) were:

PART 1

Global fisheries and aquaculture at a glance: Lahsen Ababouch (lead author) and Stefania Vannuccini

Total fisheries and aquaculture production: Stefania Vannuccini (lead author)

Capture fisheries production: James Geehan (lead author)

Aquaculture production: Xiaowei Zhou (lead author)

The status of fishery resources: Yimin Ye (lead author, Marine), John Valbo-Jørgensen (lead author, Inland), Tarub Bahri, Pedro Barros, Nicolas Gutierrez, Rishi Sharma, Merete Tandstad, Marcelo Vasconcellos, Simon Funge-Smith, Abigail Lynch, Gretchen Stokes, Samuel Smidt and Jesse Wong (United States Geological Survey and University of Florida)

Fishing fleet: Jennifer Gee (lead author), Pierre Maudoux and Raymon van Anrooy

Employment in fisheries and aquaculture: Jennifer Gee (lead author) and Pierre Maudoux

Utilization and processing of fisheries and aquaculture production: Stefania Vannuccini (lead author), Ansen Ward, Omar Riego Peñarubia, Jogeir Toppe and Molly Ahern

Consumption of aquatic foods: Adrienne Egger (lead author) and Molly Ahern

Trade of fisheries and aquaculture products: Adrienne Egger (lead author) and Felix Dent

PART 2

Blue Transformation: a vision for transforming aquatic food systems: Manuel Barange (lead author) and Carlos Fuentevilla

Intensifying and expanding sustainable aquaculture production (coordinator Alessandro Lovatelli):

Objectives and targets: Xinhua Yuan (lead author), Alessandro Lovatelli and Simon Funge-Smith

Better production systems: Xinhua Yuan (lead author), Alessandro Lovatelli, Daniela Lucente, Kwang Suk Oh, Graham Mair and Melba Reantaso

Good governance for aquaculture expansion: Ana Menezes (lead author), Pierre Murekezi and Nathanael Hishamunda

Aquaculture investments for Blue Transformation: Junning Cai (lead author), Raymon van Anrooy, Nicole Franz, Nathanael Hishamunda, Alessandro Lovatelli and Neil Sims (CEO, Ocean Era Inc., Hawaii)

Aquaculture innovative practices: Xinhua Yuan (lead author) and Alessandro Lovatelli

Capacity development, research and partnerships in aquaculture: Ana Menezes (lead author), Xinhua Yuan and Martinus Van der Knaap

Improving fisheries management (coordinators Rebecca Metzner and Eszter Hidas):

Objectives and targets: Rebecca Metzner (lead author), Nicolas Gutierrez and John Valbo-Jørgensen

Better governance and policy reform: Terje Lobach (lead author), Piero Mannini, Giuliano Carrara and Kristín von Kistowski

Better management and production: Pedro Barros (lead author), Rebecca Metzner, John Valbo-Jørgensen, Felix Martinn, Alicia Mosteiro, Nicolas Gutierrez and Yimin Ye

Best practices, innovations and technologies for improving fisheries management: José Antonio Acuña Barros (lead author), Kim Stobberup, Raymon van Anrooy, Kristín von Kistowski, Javier Villanueva García-Benítez and Nicole Franz

Better lives: Social protection and decent work: Daniela Kalikoski (lead author), Birgitte Krogh-Poulsen, Uwe Barg, Daniella Salazar Herrera, Mariana Toussaint and Nicole Franz

Supporting fisheries management in data- and capacity-limited regions: Nicola Gutierrez (lead author), Simon Funge-Smith and Stefania Vannuccini

Innovating fisheries and aquaculture value chains (coordinators Marcio Castro de Souza and Gilles van de Walle):

Competitive value chains: Marcio Castro de Souza (lead author), Weiwei Wang, William Griffin, Nianjun Shen, Ansen Ward, Omar Riego Peñarubia, John Ryder, Esther Garrido Gamarro, Gilles van de Walle, Jogeir Toppe and Dimitar Taskov

Transparent and responsible value chains: Nianjun Shen (lead author), Nada Bougouss, Dimitar Taskov, Shelley Clarke, Eszter Hidas, Audun Lem, John Ryder, Marcio Castro de Souza and Mariana Toussaint

Integrated and resilient value chains: Nianjun Shen (lead author), José Aguilar-Manjarrez, John Ryder, Marcio Castro de Souza, Weiwei Wang, William Griffin, Jogeir Toppe and Molly Ahern

The International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022 (coordinator Rebecca Metzner):

The purpose of the International Year: Nicole Franz (lead author), Lena Westlund and Alessandro Lovatelli

The IYAFA 2022 Global Action Plan: seven pillars contributing to achieving the SDGs: Nicole Franz (lead author), Molly Ahern, Jennifer Gee, Daniela Kalikoski, Alessandro Lovatelli, Graham Mair, Florence Poulain, Lena Westlund and Xinhua Yuan

Illuminating Hidden Harvests: the contributions of small-scale fisheries to sustainable development: Nicole Franz (lead author) and Lena Westlund

Small-scale fisheries and aquaculture: contributing to food systems and nutrition security: Molly Ahern (lead author)

Partnerships to advance the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries: Lena Westlund (lead author) and Nicole Franz

PART 3

Decade of Action to deliver the Global Goals (coordinator Marc Taconet):

The Sustainable Development Goals and fisheries and aquaculture: Audun Lem (lead author), Marc Taconet, Graham Mair, Diana Fernandez Reguera, Michael Griffin, Kim Friedman and Daniela Lucente

SDG Indicator 14.4.1 – quantifying fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels: Marc Taconet (lead author), Yimin Ye, Nicolas Gutierrez, Rishi Sharma and Anne-Elise Nieblas

SDG Indicator 14.6.1 – assessing degree of implementation of international instruments to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing: Piero Mannini (lead author) and Giuliano Carrara

SDG Indicator 14.7.1 – measuring sustainable fisheries contributions to national economies: Marcio Castro de Souza (lead author), Weiwei Wang and Michael Griffin

SDG Indicator 14.b.1 – assessing degree of recognition and protection of access rights for small-scale fisheries: Nicole Franz (lead author), Stefania Savore and Giuliano Carrara

United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) (coordinator Vera Agostini):

Science opportunities for fisheries and aquaculture management: Diana Fernandez Reguera (lead author), Vera Agostini, Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted (Global Lead, Nutrition and Public Health, WorldFish, CGIAR, author of Box 24), Kim Friedman and Rishi Sharma

What is the Ocean Decade?: Joseph Zelasney (lead author), Merete Tandstad, Anton Ellenbroek, Marc Taconet and Vera Agostini

FAO and the Decade Actions: Joseph Zelasney (lead author), Merete Tandstad, Marc Taconet, Anton Ellenbroek, Vera Agostini and Nelson Rosas Ribeiro Filho

United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (coordinator Eszter Hidas):

Fisheries and aquaculture and the FAO–UNEP-led Decade on Ecosystem Restoration: Kim Friedman (lead author), Diana Fernandez Reguera and Vera Agostini

Fisheries and aquaculture and the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Kim Friedman (lead author), Vera Agostini and Amber Himes-Cornell

Recovery actions for vulnerable species and habitats: Kim Friedman, Amber Himes-Cornell, Merete Tandstad, Anthony Thompson, John Valbo-Jørgensen and David Coates

Optimizing sustainable biodiversity use, including mitigating ecosystem impacts, through technology and innovation: Graham Mair, Johnathan Lansley and Amparo Perez Roda

Part 4

COVID-19, a crisis like no other: Florence Poulain (lead author), José Estors Carballo, Lionel Dabbadie, Alejandro Flores, Jennifer Gee, Kathrin Hett, Robert Lee, Daniela Kalikoski, Jon Lansley, Felix Marttin, Daniella Salazar Herrera, Jessica Sanders, Susana Siar and Martinus Van der Knaap

Fisheries and aquaculture adaptations to climate change: Xuechan Ma (lead author), Tarub Bahri, José Aguilar-Manjarrez, Diana Fernandez Reguera, Yacoub Issola (UNEP/Abidjan Convention), Florence Poulain and Fatou Sock

Advancing towards gender equality in fisheries and aquaculture: Jennifer Gee (lead author), Roxane Misk, Maria Grazie Cantarella, Matteo Luzzi and Omar Riego Peñarubia

Fisheries and aquaculture projections: Stefania Vannuccini (lead author) and Manuel Barange

The publication also benefited from external review by Malcolm Beveridge (Faskally, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), Mark Dickey-Collas (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Denmark) and Doris Soto (Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Chile). They are acknowledged for their significant contributions. The report was reviewed internally by Vera Agostini, Manuel Barange and the editorial board, as well as by colleagues in other technical divisions of FAO beyond the Fisheries and Aquaculture Division.

Translations were delivered by the Language Branch (CSGL) of the FAO Governing Bodies Servicing Division (CSG).

The Publications Branch (OCCP) in FAO’s Office of Communications (OCC) provided editorial support, design and layout, as well as production coordination, for editions in all six official languages.

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS