The Washingtons. Volume 2: Notable Members of the Presidential Branch

By Justin Glenn

This is the second volume of a comprehensive history that traces the “Presidential line” of the Washingtons. Volume one began with the immigrant John Washington who settled in Westmoreland Co., Va., in 1657, married Anne Pope, and was the great-grandfather of President George Washington. It continued the record of their descendants for a total of seven generations. Volume two is a collection of notable descendants of the next eight generations of John and Anne Washington’s descendants, including such luminaries as General George S. Patton, the author Shelby Foote, and the actor Lee Marvin. Future volumes will trace generations eight through fifteen, making a total of over 63,000 descendants. Although structured in a genealogical format for the sake of clarity, this is no bare bones genealogy but a true family history with over 1,200 detailed biographical narratives. These in turn strive to convey the greatness of the family that produced not only The Father of His Country but many others, great and humble, who struggled to build that country. The Washingtons includes the time-honored John Wright line which in recent years has been challenged largely on the basis of DNA evidence. Volumes one and two form a set, with a cumulative bibliography appearing at the end of volume two.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Open Road Integrated Media
• Release date: Jul 29, 2014
• ISBN: 9781940669274

Justin Glenn

Justin Matthews Glenn was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, and raised in Glendale and Phoenix, Arizona. He graduated from Stanford University [B.A., Classics, 1967; magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa] and was a Woodrow Wilson Fellow at Princeton University [M.A., Classics, 1969; Ph.D., Classics, 1970]. His career as a professor of Classics at the University of Georgia and Florida State University spanned thirty-five years, and he has published over seventy articles, notes, and reviews in his field. A distant cousin of George Washington, he has served as Registrar General of the National Society of the Washington Family Descendants since 2002.

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George Washington Courtesy of Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association

To my wife Jody

My daughters Bonnie and Christie

and my mentor and kinsman John Augustine Washington

© 2014 by Justin Matthews Glenn

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Cover image courtesy of the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association

Digital First Edition

ISBN-13: 978-1-940669-27-4

eISBN: 9781940669274

Savas Publishing

989 Governor Drive, Suite 102

El Dorado Hills, CA 95762

916-941-6896 (phone)

916-941-6895 (fax)

Contents

Introduction, Acknowledgments, and Abbreviations

CIVIL WAR: Confederate

1937. William Meade Dame

2031. Gabriel Lewis

2150. F. Carter Berkeley

2175. Henry Daniel Polk Hogan

2278. William Henry Fitzhugh Payne

2585. Simon Bolivar Buckner

2932. Thomas Davis Ranson

2934. Roger Preston Chew

2936. Robert Waterman Hunter

2957. Bushrod Corbin Washington II

2958. George Washington

3133. Francis Thornton Chew

3205. William Thornton Glassell

3207. George Smith Patton

3376. William Willis Blackford

3380. Eugene Blackford

3759. Bate Washington

4474. Robert Mackey Stribling, Jr.

4499. David Read Evans Winn

5034. Briggs William Hopson II

7440. Thomas Marshall

7447. Robert Thomas Barton

8034. Edward Ford Spears

8035. Ezekiel Field Clay

8675. Joseph Christopher Lee Wheelwright

9931. James William Crawford

10994. Margaret Elizabeth (Battle) Horton (civilian) and Rodah Van Horton

11391. Tamerlane Tam Xenophon Brooks

CIVIL WAR: Union

3105. (George) William Smith Forbes

8831. John Wager Swayne

9863. Peirce Crosby

THE WESTERN FRONTIER

1950. William Kidder Meade

20776. Marcus Humphrey Ludwick

WORLD WAR I

9703. Peyton Conway March

18048 Albert Gleaves

18301. Lloyd William Williams

WORLD WAR II: ARMY

6593. Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr.

15602. George S. Patton III

17822. Francis Andrew March III

17825. John Millikin

17827. Joseph May Swing

18556. Eugene Mead Caffey

21191. Willis Dale Crittenberger, Sr.

31653. Willard Ewalt Hall

WORLD WAR II: NAVY AND MARINES

9339. Joshua James Nix

12943. James Phillips Berkeley

12947. Carter Berkeley Simpson

15335. John Taylor Selden

15757. Thomas Leigh Gatch

16058. William Mann Blackford

18306. Lynde Dupuy McCormick

18328. Charles Dodson Barrett

18847. Willis Augustus Lee

24063. Donald Spicer

28529. Joseph Howard Gibbons

28661. Baine Perkins Kerr

31123. Leonard Lebaron Lyons

34669. John Augustine Tyree, Jr.

34671. Alexander Kelly Tyree

POST-WORLD WAR II: ARMY, NAVY, AND MARINES

20039. James Fugate Lawrence

23140. Donald Vaux Boecker

26160. George S. Patton IV

FROM AIR SERVICE TO AIR FORCE

8492. Richard Burwell Williams

26031. Austin A. Straubel

31114. Ross Corbett Kirkpatrick, Jr.

31269. Douglas Farlane Brotherton

POLITICS AND PUBLIC SERVICE

2015. Virginia Louise Minor

3970. William Morris Stewart

13499. Fielding Lewis Wright

32769. James Oliver Eastland

RELIGION

2937. Beverley Dandridge Tucker

4320. Moncure Daniel Conway

4327. Henry Martyn Paynter

7195. Henry St. George Tucker

7493. Lachlan Cumming Vass II

9896. William Taliaferro Thompson

17889. Francis Augustus Cox

18441. Louis Devotie Newton

39441. Robert Kinloch Massie IV

(See also Henry van Dyke, Jr., s.v. Education)

LITERATURE, ART, ENTERTAINMENT, CELEBRITIES

13546. Shelby Dade Foote, Jr.

13640. Julian Ridgeley Ninde

16680. Mary Huntemüller Kirk

17152. (Edwin) DuBose Heyward

17387. John Dawson Johnny Winter III

17388. Edgar Holland Winter

17389. Charles Penzel Wright, Jr.

17702. Lee Marvin

23450. Eugeniusz Gene Witold Gutowski

25579. Charles John Jack Holt, Jr.

28630. Robert Kinloch Massie III

37026. Charles John Tim Holt III

EDUCATION

2670. Henry van Dyke, Jr.

3379. Launcelot Minor Blackford

4549. Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry

7103. Charles Frederick Tucker Brooke

18730. Francis Pendleton Gaines

25608. Samuel Eliot Morison

MEDICINE AND SCIENCE

2962. James Alfred Ewing

7201. Augustine Washington Tucker

12271. Roger Tory Peterson

12495. Rudolf Bolling Teusler, Jr.

12946. John Wistar Simpson

16044. John Staige Davis

LAW

3578. George Landon Browning

4379. Richard Henry Lee Chichester

5946. William Augustus Devin

6071. Eppa Hunton III

9869. John Warth English

21808. Clarence Lee Watts

BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

4255. John Macrae

23781. Peyton Marshall Magruder

25607. Robert Brown Morison Barton

37228. Charles Beggs Moncrief

PHILANTHROPY AND SOCIAL WORK

10002. Mary Mildred (Hammond) Sullivan

10073. Katherine Harwood (Waller) Barrett

27018. Christen Guilford Dudley

BLACK SHEEP

8205. Robert Berkeley Minor, Jr.

21988. Lillie Mae Wilburn

34275. James Douglas Latham

Cumulative Bibliography for All Volumes

Introduction

This history traces the Presidential line of the Washingtons. This is the vast family originated by the immigrant John Washington who settled in Westmoreland Co., Va., in 1657, married Anne Pope, and was the great-grandfather of President George Washington.

My long odyssey began in the summer of 1973, when I learned from a surgeon that I had a melanoma; there was a significant chance that within five years I would be dead. At the time I was twenty-eight years old and had embarked on a university teaching career in the field of Classics three years earlier. This medical revelation had a strange impact. Certain things that had long lain dormant on a far horizon of my life began to stir and even acquire an uncanny urgency. Foremost among these was a vague curiosity about my family’s ancestry. When I asked my parents about the subject, my mother replied, Ask my brother John—he’s trying to get a book written on our family.

Thus began my correspondence with my uncle John Pope Matthews, a prominent land developer in Little Rock, Arkansas. At that same time, I struck up a friendship with Gloria Counts, the local genealogist whom John had hired to research the Matthews family. As a small side-job, she did some very limited work on a rather notable maternal line. John’s mother (my grandmother), Agnes (Somers) Matthews, was the granddaughter of Worden Pope, whose great-grandfather and namesake, Worden Pope, was the great-grandson of Nathaniel Pope I of Westmoreland County, Virginia. It turned out that Nathaniel Pope had descendants by his son Nathaniel Pope II (my mother’s ancestor) and his daughter Anne Pope, who married the young immigrant named John Washington. These same John and Anne (Pope) Washington were the great-grandparents of President George Washington.

I was astonished to learn that no one had published anything approaching a comprehensive genealogy of either the Pope or the Washington family. Slowly, without even realizing it at first, I began to compile such a history by collecting cousins, as many descendants of Nathaniel Pope I as I could find. These included the Washingtons, of course, and over the course of the next decade they gradually came to dominate my research.

The critical turn in this long quest came in the fall of 1992. While rather casually working on another maternal line, I made contact with Brice McAdoo Clagett, a distant cousin (now deceased) who was a prominent lawyer and noted genealogist in Washington, D.C. Learning of my interest in the Popes and Washingtons, he said, "I frequently have lunch with an investment adviser who has an office near mine. His name is John Augustine Washington, and he is the expert on the family. With Brice’s help I immediately wrote to John, who was the namesake and direct descendant of a younger brother of George Washington. I purchased copies of his two excellent Washington charts, and then finally summoned the courage to send him samples of what I had been working up on the family. A few days later I received a telephone call, which began, John Washington here." He was kind enough to say that he liked my material and asked about the state of my research:

So far I’ve collected about 9,000 descendants of your immigrant ancestor John Washington.

That’s not a bad start.

"About how many have you found?"

I don’t know exactly—but quite a few more than you. Of course, I’ve been at it a lot longer. But I can see that you take your Washington genealogy quite seriously. You’ll be hearing from me.

A few days later I received in the mail a roll of microfilm, and rushing to the library I soon realized that his research far exceeded anything that had ever been published on the family. I spent most of the next several weekends at the library photocopying the microfilm, and then many months enormously expanding and often correcting my computer files on the Washingtons.

The 30-year-old roll of microfilm was a flawed treasure. It had already begun to decompose and was dotted with blotches that rendered some names and dates illegible. For fear of seeming ungrateful, I long hesitated to send John a photocopy of a disfigured page. When I finally did, he immediately telephoned me and apologized profusely. Unaware of the microfilm’s poor condition, he promised to send me an updated and greatly expanded version of his Outline. At regular intervals over the next few months, he sent me about thirty packets, which together filled a three-foot drawer in my file cabinet. It was all hand-written in a small but very precise script. These updated versions of the old microfilm material brought my total number of Washington descendants to perhaps 25,000.

That began a lengthy period of correspondence. I long urged John to join with me in co-authoring a genealogical history of the Washingtons. He always demurred, pleading his lack of time (he was still a very active financial adviser), and he had become very interested in working on the Lee family of Virginia. For about 40 years, John had devoted his spare time to developing a basic outline of the Washingtons—dates of birth, marriage, and death. On the back of each sheet (especially for the earliest generations) he had made some brief notations on profession, places of birth, marriage, residence, and death, and occasionally some sources. But there were virtually no biographical details or sketches, the sort of thing that I especially enjoyed writing. Thus, when examining a recently arrived batch of John’s material, I was amazed to find the name Lee Marvin. Quickly turning the page, I found a one-word annotation on the back: actor.

During the following years, I added many thousands of additional descendants from new sources and correspondents that I located on the internet. I also slowly began to expand my computer files by writing over one thousand detailed biographical sketches (of both Washington descendants and their spouses). Even at that stage I continued to suggest that John join me in co-authoring a genealogical history of the Washingtons; after all, I was deriving an enormous amount of my material directly from his files. He said emphatically one day, No, I assembled the skeleton, but you’ve put flesh on it and brought it to life. This is your project now. Perhaps his metaphor is apt, but anyone who has done much genealogy will quickly confirm that assembling skeletons is infinitely more difficult than adding flesh. He has helped me at every turn and saved me from countless mistakes.

The reader should be forewarned that my formal training in American history is very limited. When I attended my first class of The History of Western Civilization at Stanford in the Fall of 1963, my History instructor promptly informed us (as best as I can recall):

No doubt most of you were indoctrinated in high school with the utterly false notion that history involves the study of guns, boats, and dates. True history has nothing to do with such things. There will be no discussion of guns, boats, and dates in this class.

History, as I went on to discover during that course, consisted of roughly equal parts of sociology, economics, philosophy, and political ideology. Sadly, I have proved a poor student. Not only have I written a book teeming with guns, boats, and (most of all) dates, but I have had the temerity to think of it as a family history and not merely a genealogy. Part of the blame I must assign to the professors under whom I later studied Greek and Roman history at Stanford and Princeton—Antony Raubitschek, Ronald Mellor, John Fine, Robert Connor, and Frank Bourne. They still clung to the outmoded concept that chronology, as well as military and naval events, are important elements of history.

*    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *

I am keenly aware that, in spite of my best efforts and many years of work, this book has numerous errors. These creep into genealogies with lamentable ease, especially in the case of dates. When a date of birth, marriage, or death is entered on a computer, it is appallingly easy to hit a wrong numeral key, and once entered the mistake often becomes virtually undetectable in subsequent proofreading. Although I strove to use reasonable caution, I am keenly aware that numerous mistakes must still remain. Any corrections (especially when documented) from readers will be gratefully received and carefully stored for a supplemental volume that I hope to publish someday.

Since this is essentially a history of a Southern family, I have generally used the Southern names of Civil War battles (e.g., Manassas for Bull Run, Sharpsburg for Antietam, and Murfreesboro for Stones River). Exceptions are battles for which the Northern title is almost universally used today (e.g., Pea Ridge for Elk Horn Tavern, Shiloh for Pittsburg Landing, and Brice’s Cross Roads for Tishomingo Creek). For the sake of convenience, I use the term Civil War for what I deem the more technically correct but more awkward War Between the States.

*    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *    *

I also need to ask the reader’s patience with several inconsistencies that evolved as my multi-volume book traversed many chronological and geographical boundaries.

Army Air Service/USAF

For U.S. military aviation veterans of World War I, I have universally adopted the term Army Air Service, although technically this term was used only from May 24, 1918 to July 2, 1926. Previous official designations in 1917-1918 were Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps and Division of Military Aeronautics.

For U.S. World War II-era and later military aviation veterans, I have universally adopted the term USAF (U.S. Air Force), although this technically was not created until Sept. 18, 1947. Previous designations were U.S. Army Air Corps (July 1926-June 1941) and U.S. Army Air Force (June 1941-Sept. 1947).

Charlestown/Charles Town (West) Virginia

In 1786 Charles Washington (the youngest brother of the future President) donated 80 acres to establish a town that was named in his honor, Charles Town. Originally located in Berkeley County, Va., the town became part of newly formed Jefferson County, Virginia in 1801. From the outset, there was confusion about the name of the town: Charlestown or Charles Town? Both forms were used by its residents in early wills, deeds, and other official documents. In 1863 the administration of President Lincoln included Jefferson County and its neighboring Berkeley County among the counties that were cut out of Virginia to form the new state of West Virginia. Both geographically and politically, Jefferson and Berkeley Counties were closely aligned with Virginia and not West Virginia. The major motive of the Lincoln administration was to assure that the vital Baltimore and Ohio Railroad remained entire within the borders of the United States. Most of the adult male citizens of Jefferson County were either in the Confederate Army or were known Confederate sympathizers, and on those grounds were not permitted to vote in the election that set the borders of West Virginia.

In 1866 the Virginia legislature brought suit against West Virginia to restore Berkeley and Jefferson County to the Old Dominion. The case dragged on for five years, and in 1871 the Supreme Court finally issued a decision which refused to change the borders of West Virginia. Meanwhile, the confusion in the spelling Charles Town and Charlestown was compounded by the similarity to Charleston, located Kanawha County, which was named the capital of the newly formed state of West Virginia in 1863. When rural mail delivery was first established in 1896, the West Virginia state legislature voted to end the confusion once and for all by formally naming the small town in Jefferson County Charles Town. In the present work I have consistently attempted to use the spelling Charles Town for the town established by Charles Washington.

Independent Cities in Virginia

Since many of the most basic genealogical records in the U.S. are county documents, it has become a customary courtesy in modern genealogical writing to attempt to cite not only city and state but county as well. This is especially important, of course, for rural areas and small hamlets which are obscure and in some cases have faded completely out of existence. In general, I have attempted to include counties in my numerous entries, except for a few of the largest cities.

One of the most perplexing and confusing contradictions that faces students of Virginia genealogy is the problem of classifying Virginia’s larger towns and cities in terms of counties. (A somewhat similar problem prevails in Connecticut, which essentially abolished county governments in 1960. In addition, the state of Alaska is divided into boroughs, not counties). Since the 1870s, most of Virginia’s towns and cities have been classified as Independent Cities and are technically separate political entities from the counties that in many cases completely surround them. This spawns a host of unavoidable and vexing inconsistencies. Many individuals who lived their entire life in the same house were classified as residents of a certain county up until the 1870s but not afterward. The situation is inherently odd: Salem, Va., for example, is completely surrounded by Roanoke County, and it both contains the Roanoke County Court House and functions as the de facto county seat of Roanoke County. Since 1871, however, it is technically an Independent City and not part of Roanoke County.

To compound the chaos, U.S. Federal documents are hopelessly inconsistent on the subject, even if we restrict ourselves to just the post-1870s period. Depending on the year and the census taker, census records sometimes list the same persons, living in the same house, as residents of (for example) Richmond, Independent City, and sometimes as residents of Richmond, Henrico County, Va. Also, World War I Draft records were organized basically by state and county, so a man registering for the draft in (say) Danville, Va., was classified in Federal records as registering in Danville, Pittsylvania County, even though the state of Virginia would technically classify this location as Danville, Independent City.

In addition, the towns in the Norfolk/Hampton Roads area have undergone a bewildering series of mergers and consolidations that, once again, make consistency virtually impossible. A rather extreme case is Warwick County, Va., which in 1952 ceased being a county and became simply the city of Warwick, and then in 1958 disappeared altogether when it was incorporated into the city of Newport News. In the face of such chaos, I can only alert readers to the problem and ask their forbearance.

Index/Record

There is great inconsistency among the titles of the birth, death, and marriage on-line databases (e.g., Death Records vs. Death Index). For the sake of consistency (and my sanity), I have adopted the uniform term "Index."

First names/Last Names

As I began to write fairly lengthy biographical sketches for hundreds of Washington descendants and their spouses, I encountered the obvious problem of how to name them. It seemed eccentrically formal to speak of children by their last names, but at what point does one suddenly cease using their first names and shift to last names? Writers of biographical histories would normally use last names to refer to their subjects, especially in the case of adults. Genealogical entries, however, pose peculiar difficulties. Different family members (most having the same last name) tend to weave in and out of the narrative, so to refer to the principal subject simply by his or her last name becomes inherently confusing. I eventually chose as a general rule to refer to the principal subjects of each entry by their first names, even as adults, for the sake of both clarity and consistency. At times, I confess, this produces a rather awkward familiarity, for which I ask the reader’s indulgence.

Acknowledgments

My most pleasant task in writing this history is also the most daunting: to acknowledge the many people whose generous assistance and encouragement have sustained me in my lengthy journey. (I have already acknowledged, of course, my supreme debt to my mentor John Augustine Washington). The long lapse of years makes me fearful that I might accidentally omit some of the scores of correspondents who generously supplied information on their branch of the Washington family. I have attempted to list them all in the section headed Correspondents (a wide category that includes postings on the Internet) found near the beginning of my bibliography. At the risk of seeming ungrateful to others, however, I here make an attempt to single out (in alphabetical order) some who have been extraordinarily generous in supplying massive amounts of information.

I must also add that I asked John A. Washington if he had kept a list of correspondents who had assisted him in compiling his monumental Outline. He replied that much to his regret he did not, and, for fear of accidentally omitting important helpers, he declined to submit such a list. He did wish, however, that I acknowledge the extraordinary assistance that he received from a genealogist who was a critical partner in his life-long genealogical quest—Prentiss Price. As John would be the first to attest, thousands of names in his Washington Outline were collected and contributed by Prentiss Price, who died in August 1979.

I begin with a special thank you to my supportive and long-suffering wife, Jody Glenn, who assisted in proofreading and patiently has endured my genealogy addiction. I am also deeply grateful to Ted Savas of Savas Beatie Publishers, who had faith in my unusually lengthy book and took the risk of publishing it in the depths of a severe and seemingly endless economic recession. Finally, I am much indebted to The National Society of the Washington Family Descendants for a subvention toward the publication of this book. Among the many correspondents who contributed family records, the following were especially generous in contributing extensive and critical information:

Stuart Alexander Anderson (Madison, Ala.)

Robert Stanley Arnold (St. Peters, Mo.)

Robert James Asbury (Liberty Lake, Wash.)

Thomas Esrie Ball (Gulf Shores, Ala.)

James Houston Barr III (Louisville, Ky.).

Deborah Faye O’Quinn Battles (Paris, Tenn.)

Marion Singleton Bedinger (Port Angeles, Wash.)

Kerry Ross Boren (Draper, Ut.)

Robert Thomas Botts III

McLemore Bouchelle (Rancho Cucamonga, Cal.)

James Boulton (Richmond, Va.)

Jerry C. Breast (Rear Admiral, USN Retired, Nashville, Tenn.)

Doyle Brittain (Athens, Ga.)

James Rayford Brotherton (Asheville, N.C.) and Mark Edwin Brotherton (Warner Robins, Ga.)

Charles Eugene Brown (Ash Grove, Mo.)

George Landon Browning III (La Cañada Flint Ridge, Cal.)

Ronald J. Brummette, Jr. (Louisville, Ky.)

Winstead Thomas Buckner (Lexington, Ky.)

William Scott Campbell (Valencia, Cal.)

Mary R. Catalfamo (Manuscript Librarian at Nimitz Library, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis)

Tracy Ayres Cavendish (Hillsboro, Oh.)

Douglas R. Chandler (Phoenix, Ariz.)

Patricia Lynn Brown Claytor

Pat Beeson Coleman (Sulphur Springs, Tex.)

Margaretta Barton Colt (New York, N.Y.)

Jane Washington Pendleton Cook (Wilmington, N.C.)

Davis Griffith-Cox (Terrell, Tex.)

Charles F. Crabtree (Granbury, Tex.) and Marilyn E. Crabtree Sanderlin (Lake Charles, La.)

Carla Cramer and Julia Horigan (Tallahassee, Fla.)

Alice Creighton (chief archivist at the Nimitz Library, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis)

Willis D. Crittenberger, Maj. General USA

Alice Thompson Cross (Virginia Beach, Va.),

Betsy Bowman Davis

Estella L. W. Davis (Bonita Springs, Fla.)

William A. Davis (Gallatin, Tenn.)

John Thomas DeBell (Catharpin, Va.)

Michelle Detwiler (Buckley, Wash.)

Nichole Ashley Dillinger (Raleigh, N.C.)

John E. Donohew (Rockville, Md.)

Vernon Henry Drewa (Keller, Tex.)

Robert Dupree (Tulsa, Okla.), incorporating the research of Emma Rose Moore

Charlotte Cross Crowder Durham (Coffee County, Tenn.) assisted by George Wayne Chumbley

Sanford Grant Etheridge (New Orleans, La.)

James E. Evers (Shreveport, La.)

Mildred S. Ezell and Margaret P. Ezell, Ph.D. (Germantown, Md.).

Patrick Anthony Fancher (Marshall, Tex.)

Randalin Black Ferguson (Princeton, Mo.) assisted by Claire J. Southers (Matthews, N.C.)

Ruth Williams Finger (Phoenix, Ariz.)

Wanda Lee Norvell Flynn (Escondido, Cal.)

William Innis Forbes (Evans Mills, N.Y.)

Walter E. Forehand (Tallahassee, Fla.)

Johnabeth Frost (Vinita, Okla.)

Michael David Frost (Shawnee Mission, Kans.)

Janet Clayton Gardner (Huntsville, Tex.)

John H. Garner (Grandview, Mo.)

Douglas Garnett

Shirley Stanton Smiley Gartin (Duncanville, Tex.)

George and Betty Jane (Johnson) Gerber (McLean, Va.)

Earlene Davison Giglierano (Iowa City, Iowa)

Eleanor Page Lee Glascock (Upperville, Va.)

Jerry Glenn (Southgate, Ky.)

Patricia Ann Broyles Gohlke

Mary Doris Wright Gooch (Merritt Island, Fla.)

Donald E. Gradeless (Winona Lake, Ind.)

Robert Noel Grant (Menlo Park, Cal.)

John Bachman Lee Greer III (Texarkana, Tex.) assisted by Marinelle Kellner Greer

Dorothy Delina Groves

Linda Ann Carstarphen Gugin (Evansville, Ind.)

Andrew Witold Gutowski (McLean, Va.)

Gareth Robert Habel (Alexandria, Va.).

Sue Matych-Hager

Bobbie Evangeline Owen Haggard (Louisville, Miss.)

Zadeea Graham Harris (Aztec, N.M.)

James S. Harry (Baltimore, Md.)

James Richard Hawks (Olive Branch, Miss.)

Kathryn Williams Hege (Yadkin County, N.C.)

Lewis Marshall Helm (Bethesda, Md.)

Charles Mason Hess

Truman Hickerson (San Pedro, Cal.)

Sharon Kay Cox Hlava (Greenwood, Ind.)

Lucille McDaniel Ray Hodges (Abilene, Tex.)

Armistead Jake Holmes, Jr. (Brewton, Ala.)

William Alphonso Holtshouser IV (Raleigh, N.C.)

Rex Hopson (Albuquerque, N.M.) and Merlin Mitchell (Tallahassee, Fla.)

Dorothy Atkinson Hudson (Brevard, N.C.)

J. Alan Hunton (Albuquerque, N.M.)

William Moore Hurst, Jr. (McKinney, Tex.)

Kristy Louise Hyatt (Augusta, Ga.)

Eric James (Dana Point, Cal.)

Linda McGowan Jamison (Liberty, Tex.)

Katherine Marie Johnson (Honolulu, Hawaii)

Susan Deupree Jones (Cary, N.C.)

Karen Jorgensen (Bedford, Tex.)

Beth Burdick Kalal (Coronado, Cal.)

Jo Ann Harris Landrum (Conroe, Tex.)

Claudia Eoline Stewart Lane

Charles Laurens Latimer, Jr. (Greenville, S.C.) and Edward Brandt Latimer (Columbia, S.C.)

James Fugate Lawrence, Brig. Gen., USMC Ret. (Fort Belvoir, Va.)

Robert deTreville Lawrence IV (Warrenton, Va.)

Verdie Denice Jackson Lipscomb (Waxahachie, Tex.)

Joseph Dandridge Logan III (Roanoke, Va.)

Peter Hotchkiss Lyons

Henry C. Mackall (Fairfax, Va.)

Ross and Virginia Mackenzie (Manakin-Sabot, Va.).

Lois Maschmeyer (Corning, N.Y.)

Richard Earl Mather

Janie Wilkey May

Janet Gough McMurray

Patrick Kim McVicker (Toledo, Oh.)

Paul Mears (Walterboro, S.C.)

Thomas Glover Medders (West Blocton, Ala.) and Stan Medders (Pacifica, Cal.)

Anne Manning Miller

Gerald Alva Miller and his wife Helen Irene Williams Miller (Topeka, Kans.)

Hal C. Miller (Owensboro, Ky.).

Lancelot Longstreet Minor III (Memphis, Tenn.)

Sally Bonham Mohle (Fairfax, Va.)

Joseph Moore (Henry County, Ga.)

Mary Utley Murphy (Pewee Valley, Ky.)

Virginia Sanders Mylius (Birmingham, Ala.)

Charlene Oerding

Tammy Howard Ofsanik (Charlotte, N.C.)

Carolyn and Jerry Pape (Pendleton County, Ky.)

Thomas W. Pearson (Helena, Mont.)

Patricia Howard Peterson (Mounds, Okla.)

Jesse Pettey (Houston, Tex.)

Anne (Aynn) Puckett Kirtley Phillips (Albany, Ga.)

Henry T. Poole (Warner Robins, Ga.)

Elaine Powell (Orlando, Fla.)

Rita Frances Powers (Manchester, Tenn.)

Helen Anderson Pruitt (Charleston, S.C.)

Harry Elwell Raber (Montgomery, Ala.)

Marianne Rankin (Gulfport, Miss.)

Robert Scott Reynolds (Scottsboro, Ala.).

David J. Rice (Hingham, Mass.)

John Frost Riley (Montevallo, Ala.)

Rupert Riley (Oak Island, N.C.)

Adeline Marye Robertson (Arlington, Va.)

Nola Miles Rogers (Licking County, Oh.)

Ben Lacy Rose (Richmond, Va.)

Barbara Evelyn Hunt Rowe (Renton, Wash.)

Katherine Royal (Boxborough, Mass.

Fred Salter (Palmdale, Cal.)

Delores Estelle Pickering Sanders (Forest, Miss.)

Karen and Fleming Saunders V (Burke, Va.)

Winton Forrest Scott, Jr. (Portland, Me.)

Sarah Strider Seemann (Rockville, Md.)

Barbara Linton Segar (King George, Va.)

Linda Sexton

David Paul Shaffner

Mary Washington Shaffner (Alexandria, Va.)

Sharon Sheets (Loveland, Colo.)

Eugene Edmund Sherburne (Flippin, Ark.)

Beth Shields (Seminole, Fla.).

Carolyn Smotherman (College Grove, Tenn.)

Brother Thomas W. Spalding, Jr., CFX (Bardstown and Louisville, Ky.)

Louise Grose Stewart (Lewisville, N.C.)

William Clarkson Stribling, Jr. (Markham, Va.)

Mary Kathleen Corky Swanson (Abilene, Tex.)

Roger O. Taylor (Stockton, Cal.)

William Robert Taylor (Gallatin, Tenn.)

Carolyn Watson Tharp (Norman, Okla.)

William Tidwell

James Irving Tims (Cleveland, Miss.)

Margaret Kirtley Tippens (Knoxville, Tenn.)

Ilaine Upton

Richard Warren Vallandingham (Beaufort, S.C.)

Lachlan Cumming Vass III (Dallas, Tex.) and Lachlan Maury Vass, Jr. (Bush, La.)

Robert Brown Veech (Jacksonville, Fla.).

Lisa Verlo (Los Angeles, Cal.)

Carcy Koch Vreeland (Denver, Pa.)

Elreeta Crain Weathers (Hamilton, Tex.)

Patricia Louise Whipp (La Verne, Cal.)

Justus Perkins White, Jr. (Sedona, Ariz.)

Elizabeth Maury (Vass) Guerin Wilkerson (Laurens, South Carolina)

Helen Jane (Kopecky) Wilson (Rowlett, Tex.)

James Julius Winn (Reisterstown, Md.) and Julie Sullivan Winn

George Edward Withers III

Norma Harrall Wood (Clinton, Okla.)

Debra Lee Hardin Woody (Roanoke, Va.)

Daniel Lloyd Wright (Michigan City, Ind.)

Norman Thomas Wright, Jr. (Franklin County, Va.)

Winter Wright (Savannah, Ga.)

Finally, I wish to thank for their patient support a long line of interlibrary loan librarians (and their assistants) at Florida State University’s Strozier Library, especially Phyllis Holzenburg, Carolyn Reynolds, Anna Campbell, Ann Spangler, and Cynthia Hearn.

Abbreviations

[Note: additional abbreviations for frequently cited books and standard reference works are found at the beginning of the bibliography]

AEF = Allied Expeditionary Force (World War I)

Anc. = Ancestor(s)/Ancestry

Anc.com = Ancestry.com

Anc.com/Historical Newspapers = Historical Newspapers, Birth, Marriage & Death Announcements, 1851-2003 (database on Ancestry.com)

Anc.com/U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs = U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010 (database on Ancestry.com)

ANV = Army of Northern Virginia

Arty. = Artillery

Assn. = Association

Asst. = Assistant

AWOL = absent without leave

AWT = Ancestry World Tree (database on Ancestry.com)

b. = born

Battn. = Battalion

B.D. = Bachelor of Divinity

B.F.A. = Bachelor of Fine Arts

bibliog. = bibliography

Biog. = Biography/Biographical

bvt. = brevet

CalBI = California Birth Index (database on Ancestry.com)

CalDI = California Death Records (database on Ancestry.com)

CalDivI = California Divorce Records (database on Ancestry.com)

Capt. = Captain

CEO = Chief Executive Officer

chap. = chapter

Co. (in clearly military contexts) = Company

Co. (except in military contexts) = County

Cpl. = Corporal

CSA = Confederate States Army

CSN = Confederates States Navy

CWSR = Civil War Service Records (database on Ancestry.com)

Cycl. = Cyclop(a)edia

d. = died

DAR and NSDAR = National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution

D.D. = Doctor of Divinity

desc. = descendant(s)

Dicty. = Dictionary

Dir. = Directory

Div. = Division (except in academic degrees, where it means Divinity)

D.Min. = Doctor of Ministry

d.s.p. = died without issue (decessit sine prole)

E.D. = Enumeration District

Fam. = Family/Families

FamSearch.org = FamilySearch.org (a non-profit website maintained by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)

FGS = Family Group Sheet (an unpublished genealogical chart, often undocumented and based on personal knowledge)

FlaDivI = Florida Divorce Index (database on Ancestry.com)

Ga. Tech = Georgia Institute of Technology

Hist. = History/Historical

ibid. = in the same place

IGI = International Genealogical Index (accessible on the web-site FamilySearch.org)

IllDI = Illinois Death Index (Illinois Deaths and Stillbirths, a database on Ancestry.com)

J.A.W. = John Augustine Washington (of Chevy Chase, later Bethesda, Md.; author of the unpublished Outline that became a major component of the current book. For many years he collaborated extensively with Prentiss Price, of Rogersville, Tenn.)

KCB = Knight Commander of the Bath

KyDI = Kentucky Death Index (database on Ancestry.com)

LDS = Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

LL.B. = Bachelor of Laws

LL.D. = Doctor of Laws

LST = Landing Ship Tank

Lt. = Lieutenant

m. = married

Maj. = Major

M.A.T. = Master of Arts in Teaching

MIA = Missing in Action

MIT = Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MoMI = Missouri Marriage Index (database on Ancestry.com)

mss. = manuscript(s)

NCarBI = North Carolina Birth Index (database on Ancestry.com)

NCO = Non-Commissioned Officer

n.d. = no date (of publication) indicated

n.p. = no place (of publication) indicated

NPRC = National Personnel Records Center

NROTC = Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps

N.S. = New Series

NSDAR = see DAR

NSSAR = see SAR

NSWFD = The National Society of the Washington Family Descendants

NYU = New York University

on-line census index = that provided by Ancestry.com

p. = page (pp. = pages)

PFC = Private First Class

PMT = Public Member Tree (database on Ancestry.com)

POW = Prisoner of War

P.P. = Prentiss Price (of Rogersville, Tenn.; an exceptionally gifted genealogist, for many years he collaborated extensively with John Augustine Washington [of Chevy Chase, later Bethesda, Md.], whose Outline is the basis for much of the current book).

Prof. = Professor

q.v. = whom see (quem vide)

RAF = Royal Air Force

Reg. = Registration/Register

Regt. = Regiment

Repr. = Reprint(ed)

Rev. War = Revolutionary War

R.N. = Registered Nurse

ROTC = Reserve Officers Training Corps

SAR = National Society, Sons of the American Revolution

SAR Membership Applications = U.S., Sons of the American Revolution Membership Applications, 1889-1970 (database on Ancestry.com)

SCW = Society of Colonial Wars

Ser. = Series

Sgt. = Sergeant

SSDI = Social Security Death Index

S.T.D. = Doctor of Sacred Theology

TexBI = Texas Birth Index (database on Ancestry.com; these extremely useful records are also available at http://www.tdh.state.tx.us/bvs/registra/index.htm)

TexDI = Texas Death Index (database on Ancestry.com)

TexDivI = Texas Divorce Index (database on Ancestry.com)

TexMI = Texas Marriage Index (database on Ancestry.com)

UCLA = University of California-Los Angeles

UCV = United Confederate Veterans

UDC = United Daughters of the Confederacy

unm. = unmarried

U.P. = University Press

U.S.(A.) = United States (of America)

USA = U.S. Army

USAF = U.S. Air Force (also used for U.S. Air Corps and U.S. Army Air Force)

U. of S.C. = University of South Carolina

U. of Southern Cal. = University of Southern California

USMA = U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y.

USMC = United States Marine Corps

USMCR = United States Marine Corps Reserve

USN = U.S. Navy

USNA = U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.

USO = United Service Organizations (a non-profit organization to support U.S. Armed Forces).

USPRI = U.S. Public Records Index (database available on Ancestry.com)

U.S. Veterans Gravesites = U.S. Veterans Gravesites, ca. 1775-2006 (database on Ancestry.com)

VaDI = Virginian Deaths and Burials Index (database on Ancestry.com)

VMI = Virginia Military Institute

Vols. = Volunteers

VPI = Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech)

WCP = World Connect Project (database on RootsWeb.com)

WW I Draft Reg. = WW I Civilian Draft Registrations (database on Ancestry.com)

WW II AER = U.S. World War II Army Enlistment Records (database on Ancestry.com)

WW II POWs = World War II Prisoners of War, 1941-1946 (database on Ancestry.com)

CIVIL WAR: Confederate

1937. Susan Meade Funsten (born in Va., Aug. 5, 1848; married in Fairfax Co., Va. [Sept. 30, 1869] William Meade Dame [born in Danville, Va., Dec. 17, 1844; he was raised in Danville, Va., where he attended the local Military Academy for boys. At age seventeen he enlisted as a Pvt. in the First Company of the Richmond Howitzers, CSA, Oct. 17, 1862. He served in all the subsequent campaigns of Robert E. Lee’s ANV, except Gettysburg (due to a serious bout of typhoid fever). Wounded several times and loyal to the end, he was paroled at Appomattox on April 9, 1865. Many years after the war he wrote, "… I was never absent from my gun—in battle—save once & then I was desperately ill—at home—with typhoid fever—and I am sorry that I was absent that once."

More than fifty years later, William wrote a notable book of his experiences as an artilleryman in Lee’s army, From the Rapidan to Richmond [originally published in 1920; reissued in 1987]. He began his memoir with his battery going into winter quarters in early Dec. 1863. Their guns guarded Morton’s Ford on the Rapidan River, where they began constructing crude log cabins for themselves and similar barns for their horses. His most vivid memory was the constant, losing battle against hunger. Full rations consisted of a few ounces of raw bacon and a cup of corn meal. Some days the bacon was missing, some days the corn meal, and twice there was nothing at all. Their only beverage was water, except on rare days they were given an ersatz coffee made from parched corn, wheat or rye.

The only break in the winter monotony was a brief furlough to visit home and attend his sister’s wedding. The request for a leave was granted, but the official paper was delayed in arriving. The instant it came, William started jogging to catch the last train that would be leaving that evening from Orange County Court House. He covered the nineteen miles in five hours, and as he approached the station he could see the train pulling away. He raced to the end of the station platform and made a desperate leap, but he fell just short. Running behind and trying to catch up, he leaped with all his strength and managed this time to land on the back platform of the rear car. That was at 6 P.M., and the car was so crowded that he had to stand the entire thirteen hours required for the dilapidated train to reach Richmond.

A short lay-over in the capital posed a dilemma. William had only fifty cents in his pocket, and he had to choose between buying some food or getting a clean shave. He had not eaten in 24 hours, and there would be no food on the day-long train ride to Danville. Hunger pulled him hard toward purchasing some edibles. Yet he could not bear the thought of arriving slovenly on the eve of the nuptials, where he was paired in the wedding party with the prettiest girl in the State of Virginia. He thus reached home famished but well groomed, and happily so since the first person to greet him was the young lady who was the object of his affection. When he returned to his battery, his vivid descriptions of the wedding feast elicited envious groans from his starving comrades.

On the morning of May 5, the long winter hiatus suddenly ended, and the Richmond Howitzers were on the march toward the Wilderness. The ensuing battle was an infantry affair; the tangled forest left no clear fields of fire for the side-lined artillery. Now that they were in a combat zone, rations fell even further. On May 6, their fare for the entire day was two crackers and a small spoonful of wet brown sugar. Soon a new campaign began, and the race was on to reach the critical crossroads at Spotsylvania Court House ahead of the enemy. In the six-gun battalion, William was number four at the fourth gun. He thus stood to the left of the breech, and his job was to insert the primer in the vent, secure the lanyard to the friction primer, and finally pull the lanyard. The Richmond Howitzers were one of the first units to arrive on May 8, 1864, and reinforce the hard pressed Confederate cavalry. William wrote how a relieved J. E. B. Stuart personally rode up and indicated the best position for the artillery. Three days later Stuart rode off towards Yellow Tavern, where he was mortally wounded.

Soon William’s battery opened fire on the vanguard of the Union Army approaching Spotsylvania Court House, initiating a fierce artillery duel. After taking and inflicting some heavy losses, the exhausted battery was finally given permission to withdraw as infantry arrived to hold the line. Later they built a crude earthwork fort to shelter their guns, which served them well. The climax of the battle took place on May 10, 1864. When waves of Union attackers emerged from woods several hundred yards away, the Howitzers blasted them with canister and, aided by Gregg’s Texas Brigade, drove them back. This brought prompt retaliation from enemy batteries, but it proved to be ineffective.

Interwoven with the broad strokes of battle description in William’s memoir are moving vignettes of how some of his close friends fell. A poignant loss came here at Spotsylvania:

Cary Eggleston … had his arm shattered, and almost cut away from his body, by a fragment of shell. He quietly handed his rammer to John Ayres, who that instant came up to the gun, and said, ‘Here Johnny, you take it and go ahead!’ Then, gripping his arm with the other hand, partly to stop the fast flowing blood, he turned to his comrades, and said in his jocular way, ‘Boys, I can never handle a sponge-staff any more. I reckon I’ll have to go to teaching school.’ … When he finally consented to go [to the rear], they wanted to send a man with him, but he refused, and walked off by himself. As he passed back an infantry officer, seeing what an awful wound he had, and the streaming blood, insisted that one of the men should go and help him to the hospital. ‘No,’ he said, ‘I’m all right, and you haven’t got any men to spare from here.’ So, holding his own arm, and compressing the artery with his thumb, he got to the hospital.

His arm was amputated, and a few days after … we went by the Court House building, used as a hospital, where he lay on the floor, and bade him ‘good-bye.’ He was just as cheerful, and bright, as ever, and full of eager interest in all that was going on. Said ‘since he had time to think about it, he believed he could handle a sponge-staff with one hand; was going to practice it soon as he could get up, and would be back at his post before long.’ The next day, the brave young fellow died.

During that same period William was himself wounded in the right hand, which soon went numb. For the remainder of the fight, he pulled the lanyard with his left hand. At one point, a blue tide swept over a slight trench and drove back Gregg’s Texas Brigade. The triumphant Federals swept forward to within forty yards of William’s small two-gun section. The double canister finally stopped and then threw back their attack. Gregg took the opportunity to counter-attack and the line was restored. Later Gregg rode over and shook the hands of each gunner, exclaiming, Boys, Texas will never forget Virginia for this! Your heroic stand saved the line, and enabled my brigade to rally, and redeem its honor.

The Richmond Howitzers added to the storm of shot and shell that inflicted such heavy losses on Grant’s army at Cold Harbor. There, however, a pall fell over the battery when a sniper’s bullet killed their commander, Capt. Edward McCarthy. Soon afterward came the long siege at Petersburg, capped in early April 1865 by the desperate, doomed retreat. After finally reaching Appomattox, the Richmond Howitzers fired some of the last shots of the war in Virginia, repulsing troopers of Sheridan’s cavalry with canister at close range. His parole was signed at Farmville, Va., April 11-21, 1865.

After the surrender, William walked over 150 miles to reach home. Denied an education by the war and the poverty that followed, he worked as a baggage master for the Richmond and Danville Railroad for a year to earn some money for college. Like his father and two brothers, he decided to become an Episcopal priest. Graduating from Episcopal Theological School in Alexandria, Va. (1869), he later wrote that his seminary struggle to master Greek, Hebrew, and Theology was much more trying than working my old twelve-pounder brass Napoleon gun in a fight.

Following his ordination to the priesthood in 1870, he served for four years as rector of St. John’s Church in Fauquier Co., Va. He then became rector of St. Luke’s Church in Norfolk in 1874, and two years later he accepted a call as rector of Old Christ Church in Alexandria. In 1878 he became rector of Memorial Church in Baltimore. He held this ministry for 45 years, and he was succeeded by his son. He also served as chaplain of the 5th Regiment of the Maryland National Guard for more than thirty years. Active in Confederate Veteran affairs, in 1892 he was honored as the flag-bearer at the dedication ceremonies for the Richmond Howitzer monument in Richmond. His honorary D.D. degree was bestowed by St. John’s College at Annapolis (1893), and he died Jan. 27, 1923]. Susan died Nov. 3, 1918).

Children:

5428. Susan Meade Dame (born July 17, 1872; died July 24, 1877).

+5429. William Page Dame.

5430. George Wilmer Dame (born in Va., Dec. 14, 1877; registered for the draft in Baltimore, Md., Sept. 12, 1918. A salesman, he married [Oct. 12, 1918] Lula Rawlings Marsden [born in Md., Jan. 18, 1889]. They resided in Baltimore, Md., and they had no children).

+5431. Randolph Nelson Dame.

5432. Elizabeth Lee Dame (born in Md., Nov. 4, 1881; married in Baltimore, Md. [1st, on Nov. 12, 1902] Walter Herndon Miles [resided in Richmond, Va.]. She married [2nd, on Feb. 18, 1921] Edward Alford Merritt [born in Marquette, Marquette Co., Mich., Feb. 12, 1862; graduated from Racine College, 1879. He was secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Stone Company in Cleveland, Oh.]. They resided in Lincoln, Middlesex Co., Mass., 1930. Elizabeth d.s.p. 1946). [Quotations from Confederate Memorial Literary Society’s Roll of Honour posted on the website of the Museum of the Confederacy (www.moc.org) and W. DAME, From the Rapidan to Richmond, 11, 47, 162-163, 168 (see also passim). See also: H. RANDOLPH, Funsten-Meade, 13-14; C. EVANS, CMH, 2:255-256; B. STEINER, Men of Mark in Maryland, 2:96-99; Anon., Progressive Men of Northern Ohio, 108 (for Edward A. Merritt); 1880 census Baltimore Co., Md., E.D. 110, pp. 118C-D; 1920 census ibid., E.D. 173, p. 7B (for George and Lula Dame); WW I Draft Reg.; marriage announcement of Elizabeth (Dame) and Walter Miles in New York Times, 11/13/1902, p. 7; FamSearch.org/Va. Marriages; J.A.W., Outline, 11247-452]

2031. Gabriel Lewis (born in Ky., Sept. 18, 1839; grew up in Logan Co., Ky. He enlisted in Russellville, Ky., as 3rd Sgt. of Co. A, 9th Ky. Inf., CSA, on Sept. 22, 1861. Elected 2nd Lt. on May 14, 1862, he was wounded and captured at Murfreesboro on Jan. 2, 1863. Imprisoned initially at Camp Wallace, Ohio, he was sent to Fort Delaware near Wilmington, Dela., on May 18, 1863. Three days later, he was no doubt elated to learn that he was on the list of officer-prisoners to be exchanged. In preparation for his return to Confederate lines, he was sent South on May 21, 1863. He soon reached Union-occupied Norfolk, Va., intended as a brief stopping point before his release. Conditions were terrible: eighteen officers were crowded into a room fifteen feet square, and their food was meager and barely edible. Then came the devastating news that the exchange cartel, the mechanism that had kept prison exchanges working fairly smoothly for nearly one year, had suddenly been suspended. There would be no exchange: Gabriel would be sent back to the misery of Fort Delaware, apparently for the duration of the war.

On the morning of June 10, 1863, as Lee’s army was beginning its marching north toward Gettysburg, Gabriel was part of a group of 47 POWs marched aboard the paddle-wheel steamer Maple Leaf. There they joined 44 other Confederate prisoners already aboard, and the ship was soon steaming north. One of the captives, Capt. Emelius Fuller, who had at least briefly served as skipper of a ship in Louisiana, hatched a daring escape plan. Three other officers quickly joined him, one of whom was Capt. Oliver Semmes, son of the famous Confederate raider Raphael Semmes.

The signal for the attack was to be the ringing of the ship’s bell. About 5:30 on the afternoon of June 10, six miles north of Cape Henry Light House, Capt. Eugene Holmes managed to sneak into the pilot house and ring the bell. By this time the guards had relaxed their vigilance, trusting to the water and [the prisoners’] submission to fate. The Rebels quickly overpowered their guards, only one of whom was injured. At that point, the ‘Confederate yell’ rang out that evening on the Chesapeake as it never will again.

Capt. Fuller agreed to take over as captain of the ship, but he was recovering from wounds which prevented him from undertaking the arduous escape attempt that the men were facing. Twenty-six other men, some in poor health, also decided that they would stay with the ship, even though that would presumably mean recapture. The options were few. The ship did not carry enough fuel to reach a neutral British port like the Bahamas or Bermuda. And even if it did, the risk was too high of encountering a Union blockade warship. The Confederates decided to anchor the ship off the Outer Banks in Princess Anne Co., Va., near the border with North Carolina. There they rowed ashore and began a desperate race to freedom.

Although now minus all their weapons, the Union guards quickly regained control of the ship. At top speed they steamed back to Fort Monroe to sound the alarm. Meanwhile, the escapees faced a daunting task. They had to cross the waters of Currituck Sound and then the imposing barriers of the Great Dismal swamp, several rivers, and over one hundred miles of Union occupied territory. With the ocean at their back and Yankee cavalry patrols soon spread out ahead of them, they elected Capt. Semmes their leader and headed southwest. They soon encountered the sympathetic wife of a Confederate soldier. She gave them some directions and advice, plus the loan of her horse and wagon to carry some of the fugitives who were too weak to walk any further.

They next commandeered some small sailboats to cross the turbulent waters of Currituck Sound, and then encountered a second woman whose husband was also off in the Rebel army. With her help they managed to make contact with a local group of Home Guards, 55 guerillas who had been hiding in the swamps and conducting hit-and-run raids deep behind Union lines. From now on they traveled only at night, single-file, each holding the shirt tail or belt of the man ahead. Friendly civilians supplied them with food and intelligence along the way. At one point they reached a critical river crossing, only to find it blocked by a Union gunboat. A boy who was guiding them at that point asked one of his neighbors to tell the Yankees that the Rebel prisoners were spotted crossing the river upstream. The boat quickly steamed off in pursuit, leaving the crossing clear.

One by one the barriers to freedom fell. The fugitives crossed the Pasquotank River near Elizabeth City, then the Perquimans River near Belvidere, and finally the Chowan River near Murfreesboro. On June 21, they rejoiced at reaching the relatively safety of the Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad tracks near Boykins, Va. The following day, twelve days after they had taken over the ship and rowed ashore, 63 escapees pulled into the depot at Richmond aboard a Richmond & Petersburg train. They were treated to a night at the best hotel in town, the Spotswood. Within a few days, they had collected their back pay and were headed back to their military units. Federal retaliation against civilians who had helped the fugitives was harsh. Over twenty families were burned out of their homes and suffered the loss of most of their possessions. Three women and an old man were taken and held as hostages, and one man, accused of being a guerilla, was hanged.

Soon afterward Gabriel rejoined his unit, part of the famous Orphan Brigade, and took part in most of its battles. The 9th Ky. Inf. lost more than 40 percent of its men at Chickamauga. There the outnumbered Orphan Brigade attacked George Thomas’s strong position on high ground at the far left of the Union line. In their gallant charge, the 9th Ky. Inf. lost its commanding colonel, John Caldwell, who was badly wounded, as well as its mortally wounded brigade commander, Abraham Lincoln’s brother-in-law Brig. General Ben Hardin Helm. Although unsuccessful, the attack caused Thomas to plead to reinforcements. In responding, Rosecrans left a critical gap in the center of his army, which Longstreet quickly exploited. The result was a rout of most of Rosecrans’ army.

The 9th Ky. Inf. then fought in the long Atlanta campaign. By Aug. 1864, Gabriel was promoted to 1st Lt. and at least temporarily was commanding his company. Finally, by the end of August, Hood’s last line of retreat was hanging by a thread. The Orphan Brigade was ordered to wage a last-ditch defense at Jonesboro, as Hood evacuated the Army of Tennessee from Atlanta. The brigade was spread out thinly, three feet between each man and no reserves. They drove back the first attack, and then another. Finally, isolated and badly outnumbered, the Orphans were overwhelmed and decimated. When the fighting was over, a Union brigade commander described them as confessedly among the best of the rebel army. They fought with the greatest desperation. Gabriel was among the many swept up in the Union onslaught, captured near Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. Three weeks later he was part of a rare exchange of prisoners at Rough and Ready, Ga.

By now the decimated regiment was now part of Joseph Wheeler’s cavalry, which vainly attempted to harass Sherman’s inexorable March to the Sea and then through the Carolinas. In a fairly typical skirmish near Camden, S.C., on April 8, 1865, the 9th Ky. Mounted Inf. and other remnants of the Kentucky Brigade numbered less than 200 men. The Union force that drove them back was estimated at 4,000. They fought on, even after Joseph E. Johnston surrendered his army to Sherman on April 18. Finally, orders were issued to proceed to Washington, Ga. There Gabriel surrendered with the remnants of his regiment on May 6, 1865.

He married in Todd Co., Ky. [1st, on July 3, 1868] Nannie Pence, and he married in Logan Co., Ky. [2nd, on May 21, 1872] Alice Jane Barbee [born in Ky., Nov. 1, 1855; died Jan. 28, 1894]. They resided in Ghent, Carroll Co., and Russellville, Logan Co., Ky., but for the sake of his second wife’s health he moved ca. 1888 to San Antonio, Tex. There he worked as a merchandise broker, established his own company, and died in 1892).

Children (by his 2nd wife):

5586. Effie Lewis (born in Ky., ca. 1873; died unm.).

+5587. Frank Morton Lewis.

5588. Roy Warner Lewis (born ibid., ca. 1879; died unm. Nov. 27, 1927). [Quotations from J. WITT, Escape from the Maple Leaf, 29, 31 (see also passim). See also: E. P. THOMPSON, Orphan Brig., 808 and W. C. DAVIS, Orphan Brigade, 235 (see also passim, esp. 182-191). See also: J. CRUTE, UCSA, 135; RCS, 9:447; CSA Service Record on www.fold3.com; FamSearch.org/Ky. Marriages; 1880 census Logan Co., Ky., E.D. 164, p. 438D; IGI v4.02; J.A.W., Outline, 11251-314]

2150. F. Carter Berkeley (born in Va., Oct. 9, 1837; attended U. of Va., 1860-April 1861. He was recruited by Capt. John D. Imboden at Staunton, Va., on April 17, 1861, to serve as 4th Cpl., Staunton [Va.] Artillery, CSA. That very day the Virginia convention was assembled in Richmond to vote on the question of secession. Correctly anticipating that the Old Dominion would join the Confederacy, former Governor Henry Wise secretly authorized Imboden and several other officers to assemble their units, rush to Harper’s Ferry, and seize the valuable arsenal there. Shortly after sunset on April 17, immediately following Virginia’s vote to secede, Imboden and his artillerymen [about 100 men in all] loaded aboard their four 6-pounder guns and pulled out of the Staunton train station.

Heading east and then north, the train suddenly lurched to a halt on an ascending grade near Manassas Junction. Imboden made his way to the locomotive cab, where he discovered that the Union-sympathizing engineer had intentionally let the fire go down. A cocked pistol, Imboden later recalled, induced him to fire up and go ahead. By 10 A.M., April 18, the train reached Strasburg in the northern Shenandoah Valley, the end of the line. The infantry quickly marched north to Winchester, where they could take another train for the final leg toward Harper’s Ferry. Imboden had no horses for his artillery, so he borrowed some and commandeered the rest from local farmers. Soon they started off after the infantry, along with the farmers, who insisted on coming along to watch over their horses. When they reached Winchester, the artillerymen returned the horses to their relieved owners and were soon traveling by train to Halltown, just three miles from Harpers Ferry.

After disembarking, Berkeley and his comrades pushed and pulled their artillery pieces three miles to Bolivar Heights. By 4 A.M., April 19, they were in position to help repel a Union force that was rumored to be marching as reinforcements for the small guard at the Harpers Ferry. The rumor proved false, and the local small Union detachment retreated after setting fire to the arsenal. Soldiers and civilians rushed in to extinguish the flames. Much was lost, but they saved the valuable machine shops, the only facility in the South capable of mass-producing small arms. It was apparently the first time in recorded history that troops had moved by train to seize a military objective. Ten days later Colonel Thomas J. [soon to become Stonewall] Jackson arrived to take command.

Berkeley remained with the Staunton Artillery, as it was now called, in the northern Shenandoah Valley, where Joseph E. Johnston began assembling a small army. On July 12, 1861, this artillery unit was assigned to General Barnard Bee’s Brigade. A few days later, Johnston secretly began to move his forces eastward to reinforce Beauregard’s army at Manassas Junction. Berkeley and his artillery battery formed part of the rear guard and did not depart from Winchester until late in the afternoon of July 18. Late that night they got as far as Rectortown, where they collapsed in exhaustion and fell asleep by their guns in a driving rain. Back on the road at dawn, they reached the village of Salem [now Marshall] in Fauquier County about 8 A.M. Men, women, and children poured out to greet them, carrying their own family breakfasts on trays and in baskets. Imboden called a halt and gave his men 30 minutes to enjoy this feast. They would receive no more food for the next 36 hours, only after they had fought and won their first battle.

Shortly before midnight on July 20, the exhausted men finally reached Manassas Junction, where they quickly made camp and slept for a few hours. They awoke about 5:30 A.M. to the sound of Union artillery on their right flank. The men quickly harnessed their horses and awaited orders to ride to the sound of the guns. A dejected General Bee soon appeared and told the men that they had been ordered instead to guard the quiet left flank against a possible attack. Instructed to take a single battery of artillery with him, Bee chose Imboden’s. When Imboden pointed out that his men and horses had not eaten anything in 24 hours, Bee told him not to worry. From all appearances they were being sent to quiet sector where some rations could be sent without difficulty.

When Berkeley and his companions reached the far left of the Confederate line, they began to climb a small hill where the Lewis family’s house Portici stood. A courier frantically rode up and reported that the whole Union army was approaching on their exposed flank. After confirming for himself that a large enemy column was approaching, Imboden rushed back to inform Bee. The general quickly selected a strong position on high ground about one hundred yards northwest of the Lewis house. There Berkeley and the other artilleryman received orders to unlimber their four-gun battery and prepare to fire. After a lengthy artillery duel and exchange of infantry volleys, the badly outnumbered Rebels pulled back to another strong position near the Henry House. Exhausted and nearly out of ammunition, Imboden’s men had taken heavy losses but had helped to delay the Federal advance until Jackson had arrived with reinforcements to hold the wavering line. Late in the day, Kirby Smith and Jubal Early’s brigades arrived on their left flank to rout the Union Army. All the while, Berkeley and his comrades continued