Judicial Interpretation of Words, Phrases and Legal Maxims in Nigeria: Ilukwe's Dictionary of Legal Terms

By Ifeanyi E. Ilukwe

Judicial Interpretation of Words, Phrases and Legal Maxims in Nigeria is a compendium of selected judicial and statutory definitions gathered under relevant subject headings in alphabetical order. This commanding, excellently researched publication is the ultimate compilation of judicial interpretations on Nigerian law based on the authority of cases of superior courts taken from historical and recent Nigeria-decided cases up to 2021, as well as primary and subsidiary legislation from federal and state laws. Some of the key areas of law covered include: criminals, contracts, business and company, property (both intellectual and real estate), legal procedure (civil and criminal), and litigation, among others.

Included in the book is an index of the words and phrases and the case law and statutes referred to throughout the publication for ease of reference.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Tellwell Talent
• Release date: Dec 31, 2021
• ISBN: 9780228870883

Ifeanyi E. Ilukwe

Ifeanyi E. Ilukwe obtained his graduate law degree from the University of Nigeria in 2005, was called to the Nigerian bar to practice law in 2006, and obtained his master's degree in law from Obafemi Awolowo University in Ile Ife, also in Nigeria. He is also a chartered fellow in management consultantcy from the Chartered Institute of Management consultants in the United States of America. Ifeanyi is currently the managing partner of Ilukwe & Co. Barristers & Solicitors. He has diverse multicultural and international legal experience.

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Judicial Interpretation of Words, Phrases and Legal Maxims in Nigeria

Ilukwe’s Dictionary of Legal Terms

Ifeanyi E. Ilukwe

Judicial Interpretation of Words, Phrases and Legal Maxims in Nigeria

Copyright © 2021 by Ifeanyi E. Ilukwe

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the author, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law.

Tellwell Talent

www.tellwell.ca

ISBN

978-0-2288-7087-6 (Hardcover)

978-0-2288-7086-9 (Paperback)

978-0-2288-7088-3 (eBook)

Dedication

In memory of my late brother Emeka Kenneth Ilukwe

Table of Contents

Table of Cases

Index of Nigerian Statutes in this Report

Index of Nigerian Rules in this Report

Index of Nigerian/Non Nigerian Books in this Report

1.     Abandon and Abandonment

2.     Abatement of Action

3.     Abbreviation

4.     Abetment

5.     Abode

6.     About

7.     Absence of fair hearing and attitude of court to speculation

8.     Absolute

9.     Absolutely

10.     Abuse

11.     Abuse of Court Process

12.     Abuse of Court Process Okorodudu v. Okoromadu

13.     Academic Issue

14.     Academic or Hypothetical Issue and Attitude of Court Thereto

15.     Academic Question

16.     Accept

17.     Acceptance

18.     Acceptance Taylor v. Allon (1966) 1 Q.B 304.

19.     Access

20.     Access to court

21.     Accident

22.     Accident Under Adelumola v. State (1988) 1 NWLR (Pt. 73) 683/693.

23.     Accident- Under Section 48 of the Penal Code

24.     Accidental slip

25.     Accidental slip in judgement or order of court

26.     Accommodation

27.     Accomplice

28.     Accomplices

29.     "Accomplices ’’ (the provisions of section 79 of the Penal Code)

30.     Accord and Satisfaction

31.     Accreditation in the Process of Election

32.     Accrual of a Cause of Action

33.     Accrue

34.     Acquiescence

35.     Acquiescence Nzekwu v. Nwakobi (1960) 4 ENLR 59 referred to].

(Pp.622-623, paras. H-A)

36.     Acquittal

37.     ‘Acquittal ’- In Common Law Jurisdictions

38.     Acting Judiciously

39.     Action for Detinue

40.     Action in Detinue and Action in Conversion

41.     Action in High Court Law Cap 44 Laws of 0gun State 1978

42.     Action in Rem

43.     Action in Rem and Action in Personam in Admiralty Matter

44.     Action in Personam

45.     Action Issue Leave

46.     Acts of Possession and Trespass

47.     Actus Reus Non Facit Reum, Nisi Mens Rea

48.     A Defence on the Merit Under the Undefended List Procedure

49.     Adjunct

50.     Administration and Management

51.     ‘Admiralty’

52.     Admissibility and Probative Value

53.     Admissibility of Estate Contract

54.     Admission

55.     Admission Under Section 20 of the Evidence Act as

56.     Admission and Right of a Party to Rely on Opponenet’s Admission

57.     Admission in Pleadings

58.     Admission - By Virtue of Section 20 of the Evidence Act, 1990

59.     Admission Under Islamic Law

60.     Admit

61.     Admitted Fact

62.     Adultery

63.     Advocacy

64.     Affidavit and What Amounts to Conclusion of Purpose of Affidavit

65.     Affidavit Disclosing a Triable Issue or Defence on the Merit

66.     Affidavit Evidence

67.     Affiliate Company

68.     Aforesaid

69.     After

70.     After the Date and from the Date Can e Used Interchangeably

71.     Again and Pass

72.     Agencies

73.     Agency

74.     Agent

75.     Agent at an Election

76.     Aggrieved Party for the Purpose of Appealing a Decision of Court

77.     A Gift Inter Vivos

78.     Agreement

79.     Alias

80.     Alias and an Abbreviation

81.     Alibi

82.     ‘Alibi’ literally meaning

83.     All

84.     All at page 47 of Webster’s New Twentieth Century Dictionary, Unabridged Second Edition, 1975

85.     Allegation that a Judgment is against the Weight of Evidence

86.     Allocate and Distribute in section 162(5) and (8) of the 1999 Constitution

87.     ‘Allocutus’

88.     Allocutus Lucky v. The State (2016) LPELR-40541; (2016) 13 NWLR

(Pt. 1528) 128

89.     All the Votes Cast" in section 179(2) (b), 1999 Constitution

90.     Already Begun

91.     ‘Also’

92.     ‘Also’ of section 251 of the Constitution

93.     Alter

94.     Alteration

95.     Alter ego

96.     Altering a charge

97.     Alternate Director and Assignee Director

98.     Alteration and amendment" -

99.     Ambiguity

100.     Amend

101.     Amendment

102.     Amendment; as a Latin verb

103.     Amendment as an English word

104.     Amendment by Sheila Bone in Osborn’s Concise Law Dictionary,

⁹th edition page 28.

105.     Ammunition

106.     Ancillary

107.     Ancillary relief

108.     An Error in Law on the Face of the Award

109.     An Event which Occurs by Accident

110.     ‘’And’’ in Section 135 (1) of the Electoral Act 2002

111.     And and or in a statute

112.     Annoy

113.     Anticipating Approval

114.     Any Act of Parliament or any Public Duty or Authority

115.     Any of its Agencies in Section 230 of the 1979 Constitution as

Amended by Decree No. 107 of 1993

116.     Any other authority or person in section 174(1) of the 1999 Constitution

117.     Any other person who took part in the conduct of an election

118.     Any other similar drug

119.     Any Question

120.     Any right of appeal to the Court of Appeal in section 243(4) of 1999 Constitution (as amended)

121.     A Person in Section 2(1) of the Legal Practitioners Act

122.     Appeal

123.     Appearance in Relation to a Suit

124.     Appellant

125.     Appellant’’ and Respondent"

126.     Appellant before the Court of Appeal

127.     Appellate jurisdiction

128.     Application

129.     Application in Order 22 rule 1 of the High Court of Kaduna State Civil Procedure) Rules, 1987 -

130.     Application in relation to reference to a higher court

131.     Application in the context of a reference

132.     Application of doctrine of covering the field

133.     Application to relist an appeal struck out and an application for extension of time to appeal

134.     Apply

135.     Appointing Authority

136.     Appears to understand the charge in relation to arraignment

137.     Appointment or employment and election

138.     Appropriate Authority in Relation to Section 315 of the 1999 Constitution

139.     Appropriate Superior Authority in Relation to the Armed Forces, Section 128 of the Armed Forces Decree No. 105 of 1993 (as amended)

140.     Appurtenance

141.     Arbitral award becomes final and enforceable

142.     Arbitration

143.     Arbitration agreement

144.     Arbitrator and receiver

145.     Argument

146.     Arising from used in Section 7(3) of Federal High Court Act

147.     Armed robbery

148.     Arms

149.     Artificial person

150.     Arrears of rent and mense profit

151.     Aspirant

152.     Aspirant (section 156 of the Electoral Act 2010 (as amended)

153.     Aspirant Under Section 87(1) of the Electoral Act

154.     Aspirant and Candidate

155.     Aspirant" in an election

156.     Assembly under the Public Order Act; section 12(1) the interpretation section of the Public Order Act

157.     Assessor

158.     Assessors and court

159.     Assignment

160.     Assume and Assumption

161.     Auction Sale

162.     Authorized

163.     Autrefois acquit

164.     ‘Auxiliary’

165.     Average

166.     Aviation accident

167.     Award of damages amounting to double compensation

168.     Bad faith

169.     Bad faith Black’s LawDictionary, Sixth Edition at page 139

170.     Bad professional language by legal practitioner

171.     Bailment

172.     Balance of convenience

173.     ‘Balance of probabilities’

174.     Ballistics

175.     Bank

176.     Bank Black’s Law Dictionary, ⁸th Ed., where bank

177.     Bank Credit

178.     Bank Draft

179.     Bank Draft and Ordinary Cheque

180.     Banking Business

181.     Banking in its ordinary sense

182.     Banker’s Book

183.     Bank, guarantee and bank guarantee

184.     Banking Business

185.     Banking in its ordinary sense; Black’s Law Dictionary, ⁶th edition,

page 146 as follows:

186.     Barrister

187.     Barter

188.     Base

189.     Based in or at

190.     Behavior" under the Matrimonial Causes Act

191.     Belong to in section 318 (1) of the 1999 Constitution in relation to determination of indigenes of Nigeria

192.     Bench warrant and principles governing issuance of

193.     Beneficial owner" of ship

194.     Best Evidence

195.     Bias

196.     Bias (Pp. 643-644, paras. H-A)

197.     Bias See A.N.P.P. v. R.E.C., Akwa Ibom

198.     Bid Bond

199.     Bill of Lading

200.     Bill of Sale

201.     Bindingness of Ratio Decidendi

202.     Bini and Yoruba customary law of inheritance

203.     Blatant

204.     Blue pencil rule

205.     Bond

206.     Bonafide claim of right entails

207.     Bonafide issue or triable issue for trial in relation

to undefended list procedure

208.     Bona fide purchaser for value

209.     Bonafide purchaser for value without notice

210.     Boundaries

211.     Boundary" in relation to land

212.     Boundary of land’

213.     Bracket when inserted in a passage

214.     Breach of contract

215.     Brief argument and qualities of well written brief

216.     ‘Brought’ and when it is ‘entered’

217.     Burden of proof

218.     Burden of proof in civil and criminal matters

219.     Burden of proof in civil cases

220.     Burden of proof of estoppel

221.     Bureau

222.     Bye-election

223.     Callous

224.     Cancel

225.     Candidate

226.     Candidate under Electoral Act, 2006

227.     Cannabis sativa and whether a narcotic drug

228.     Capital Market

229.     Care

230.     Cardinal Principle

231.     Carnal Knowledge

232.     Carriage

233.     Carrier

234.     Carry on business

235.     Case Stated or Reference

236.     Cause and Matter

237.     Cause of Action

238.     Cause of Action

239.     Cause of action and right of action and effect of status of limitation on both

240.     Cause of Action and Issue Estoppel

241.     Cause of Action and Material Fact

242.     Cause of Action Estoppel

243.     Cause of Death can be inferred

244.     Caveat Emptor

245.     Certified Copy

246.     Certiorari

247.     Charge

248.     Charge, Bail, Conviction, Sentence

249.     Charge Bargain

250.     Charge in Rule 3 of the Legal Practitioners (Disciplinary Committee) Rules and Nature of Disciplinary Proceeding gainst Legal Practitioner

251.     Chat

252.     Cheque

253.     Chief

254.     Chief By virtue of Section 18 of the Interpretation Act, 1990

255.     Chief or Head Chief

256.     Chieftaincy Declaration

257.     Chieftaincy Question

258.     "Chief’ under the Chiefs Law of Oyo State, 1978.

259.     Circular Letter

260.     Circular resolution

261.     Circumstances

262.     Circumstantial Evidence

263.     Citizen of Nigeria

264.     Civil Contempt

265.     Civil Liability

266.     Civil Obligation

267.     Civil Service of the Federation

268.     Civil Service of a State

269.     Claim

270.     Classified Matter Under the Official Secrets Act

271.     Clean

272.     Clearing of Cheque Denotes

273.     Code"

274.     Cogent

275.     Cogent and Verifiable reason In section 34(2) of the Electoral Act, 2006

276.     Collateral Contract

277.     Combination

278.     Come to the knowledge of the person to be served" in Order 6 rule 5(b), Federal High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules, 2009

279.     Commanding officer in the Nigerian Army

280.     Comment

281.     Commerce

282.     Communal Land

283.     Competence of an Action

284.     Competence of ground of appeal complaining of error of law and on the facts or error of law and misdirection

285.     Complaint

286.     Complaint that a Court misdirected itself

287.     Complaint that decision is against weight of evidence

288.     Compliance and Non-Compliance

289.     Compound in relation to crime

290.     ‘Compulsory’

291.     Computer

292.     Concede and Concession

293.     Concept of Discretion

294.     Concise

295.     Conclusion and whether can be a statement of fact

296.     Conclusive Evidence

297.     Concurrence in section 4 (2) Administration of Estates Law of Lagos State

298.     Concurrent powers in a Federation

299.     Conditional Appearance

300.     Conditional appearance and unconditional appearance

301.     Condition and condition precedent" and difference between

302.     Conditions for successful plea of res judicata

303.     Condition of Work and Environment of Work

304.     Condition Precedent

305.     Condone and Condonation

306.     Condonation in relation to crime

307.     Conduct in section 133 (2) of the Electoral Act, 2002

308.     Conduct unbecoming of a legal practitioner

309.     Confession

310.     Confession in criminal prosecution

311.     Confessional statement and evidence given by a witness in court

312.     Confirmation

313.     Conflict in Affidavit Evidence

314.     Conjunction ticket

315.     Connect and Pertain

316.     Connected

317.     Connected with in section 47 of the Trade Dispute Act

318.     Connected With used in Section 7(1) of Federal High Court Act

319.     Connotation of the Term Gerrymandering

320.     Connotation of the phrase knowledge of a thing

321.     Consent Judgment and Whether Appealable

322.     Consequences and Consequential

323.     Consequential Order

324.     Consolidated Appeal

325.     Consolidation

326.     Consolidation of Actions

327.     Consolidations of Actions

328.     Conspiracy

329.     Conspiracy and Abetment

330.     Constitutes Constructive Possession of Property?

331.     Constitution

332.     Constitutional Right to Fair Hearing

333.     Construction of words in a statute

334.     Constructive Possession

335.     Constructive Trust

336.     Construe a Statute Narrowly and Strictly’

337.     Consultant

338.     Contempt

339.     Contempt of Court

340.     Continuance of injury or damage" in relation to limitation of action

341.     Continuance of Injury or Damage in Relation to Limitation of Action

342.     Contest

343.     Contract

344.     Contract of Employment

345.     Contract Implied in Fact

346.     Contract of Marine Insurance

347.     Contradict

348.     Contradiction

349.     Contradiction and Discrepancies-

350.     Contradiction and Inconsistency

351.     Contradiction in evidence and discrepancy in evidence

352.     Contradiction in Relation to Evidence

353.     Contradiction or Discrepancy in Evidence

354.     Contradictory Evidence

355.     Contributory to a Company

356.     Controversy

357.     Convene and Summon

358.     Conversion as a tort

359.     Conveyancing for sale Under the Stamp Duties Act

360.     Corporation Aggregate

361.     Corporation Sole

362.     Corpus Deficit

363.     Corroboration

364.     Corroborative Evidence

365.     Corroboration in a Rape Case

366.     Corrupt

367.     Corrupt Practices

368.     Countenance and Discountenance

369.     Counter-Claim

370.     Court

371.     Court’s Discretion

372.     Court for the purpose of enforcement of fundamental rights

373.     Covering the Field as it relates to powers of National Assembly and State Houses of Assembly to make laws

374.     Crave your indulgence

375.     Credible Evidence

376.     Crime

377.     Criminal Breach of Trust

378.     Criminal Conspiracy

379.     Criminal Contempt

380.     Criminal Proceedings

381.     Criminal Proceeding

382.     Criminal Proceedings and Criminal Investigation

383.     Criminal Responsibility

384.     Crystallization of Right of Mortgagee in Mortgage Transaction

385.     Culpable homicide

386.     Culpability for common intention

387.     Custody

388.     Custody and care

389.     Custom

390.     Customary Arbitration

391.     Customary Law

392.     Customary law and customs

393.     Customer of a bank

394.     Cynosure

395.     Damages

396.     Damages at Large

397.     Damages of a permanent nature

398.     Dangerous Driving

399.     Date

400.     Day

401.     Day and Date

402.     Deal in in section 10(c) of National Drug Law Enforcement Agency Act

403.     Dealing

404.     Deal with in section 5 of the Forfeiture of Assets, etc, (Certain Persons) Decree No.53 of 1999

405.     Debenture

406.     Debt

407.     Debtor

408.     Deceit

409.     Decision

410.     Decision in relation to a court

411.     Decision in section 277(1) of the 1979 Constitution

412.     Decision on an election petition and decision in an election petition; In Orubu v. NEC supra:

413.     Decision on election petition

414.     Declaratory action

415.     Declaratory judgement

416.     Declaratory judgments or orders -

Declaratory judgments or orders merely proclaim

417.     Delivery in Connection with a Deed

418.     Delivery of a Deed

419.     Decree nisi becomes absolute

420.     Deem

421.     Deemed

422.     Deemed grantee of right of occupancy

423.     Deeming Provision

424.     De Facto Possession and De Jure Possession

425.     Defamatory

426.     Defamatory Publication

427.     Defamatory Statement

428.     Defamatory Words

429.     Default In Pleadings

430.     Default Judgement

431.     Defect

432.     Defective Affidavit

433.     Defence

434.     Defence of Alibi

435.     Defence of Fair Comment

436.     Defence of Justification

437.     Defence of Qualified Privilege

438.     Defences of Accident and Self-Defence

439.     Defendant

440.     Delivery

441.     Delivery of a Deed In Escrow

442.     Delivery Order

443.     Demurrer

444.     Demurrer and Objection to Jurisdiction and When Each Can be Employed

445.     Demurrer and Objection to Jurisdiction and When Each Can be Employed

446.     Demurrer Proceedings and Proceedings in Lieu of Demurrer

447.     Denial of Natural Justice

448.     De Novo

449.     De Novo

450.     Derivative Action

451.     deserted property

452.     Desirable Parties

453.     Desirable Party to an Action

454.     Determinant of Jurisdiction of Court

455.     Determination

456.     Determine

457.     Developed Land

458.     Detinue and Conversion

459.     Difficulty in Defining Fraud

460.     Direct in Order 7 rule 2 of the Court of Appeal Rules, 1981 (as amended)

461.     Director

462.     Director of a Company

463.     Discharge and Acquittal In Context of Criminal Proceedings

464.     Disciplinary Proceedings and Criminal Proceedings

465.     Discretio Legalis Decernere per Legem Quid Sit Justum

466.     Disguise

467.     Dishonourable

468.     Disposable Property

469.     Discretion

470.     Discretion As it Applies to Public Functionaries

471.     Dismissal

472.     Dismissal of Action

473.     Dismissal of appeal for non-compliance or nonappearance and dismissal for non- filing of appellant’s brief

474.     Dismissal Within the Context of the Rules of the High Court

475.     Dismissed and Struck Out

476.     Dispute

477.     Dispute for Purpose of Reference to Arbitration

478.     Dispute for Purpose of Invoking Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

479.     Dispute Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary Int. Students Edition ⁷th Editionpage 423 defines Dispute to be:-

480.     Disposed of

481.     Distinction drawn between de facto and de jure doctrines.

482.     Distinctiveness in respect of trade mark

483.     Distress

484.     Distributor

485.     Distributor in relation to film and video

486.     Divisible Contract

487.     Division of powers in a Federation

488.     Doctrine of Fair Hearing

489.     Doctrine of estoppel ‘per rein judicatam’

490.     Doctrine of Stare Decisis

491.     Doctrine Stare Decisis

492.     Document

493.     Documents Includes

494.     Document in this Act

495.     Documentary Letter of Credit

496.     Dodgy

497.     Donate and Assessment

498.     Double Appeals

499.     Double Compensation

500.     Double Compensation and Whether Permissible

501.     Double Jeopardy

502.     Drawdown

503.     Drawer

504.     Drug

505.     Dubious

506.     Due Diligence

507.     Duly

508.     Duration of a Fiat

509.     Duress and Whether Legal Person Canforce One to Do an Act

510.     Duty of Care When it Arises

511.     Dying Declaration

512.     Economic torts

513.     Effectiveness

514.     Ejusdem Generis Rule of Construction

515.     Elaborate

516.     Election

517.     Election and Return at Election

518.     Election in context of Electoral Act, 2006

519.     Electrification

520.     Electronic Mail

521.     Elements of an Election

522.     Employer under the Industrial Training Fund Act

523.     Employment

524.     Employment with Statutory Favour

525.     Enactment

526.     Endorsement

527.     Endorsement and signature are synonymous?

528.     Enquiry

529.     Enticement

530.     Entitled

531.     Environment and "Town planning

532.     Epilepsy

533.     Equitable defences of laches and acquiescence

534.     Equitable mortgage and how it is created.

535.     Equity

536.     Error in Law

537.     Erroneous Proposition of Law

538.     ‘Escrow’

539.     Essential Element in an Offence

540.     Estoppel

541.     Estoppel by Conduct

542.     Evaluate

543.     Evaluation of Evidence

544.     Evaluation of Evidence and Summation of Evidence

545.     ‘Evidential Burden’

546.     Exceptional

547.     Exceptional circumstances in Order 8 Rule 8(4) of Supreme Court Rules, 1985 (as amended) in relation to application to restore an appeal

548.     Exchange contracts

549.     Exclusion

550.     Exclusive license

551.     Exclusive occupation of land

552.     Exclusive possession of land

553.     Executory Contract

554.     Executor de son tort and liability thereof

555.     Executor de Son Tort

556.     Executory judgement

557.     Executory Judgments or Orders

558.     Ex-facie

559.     Ex-facie Latin for

560.     Exhibit

561.     Exhibits and Duty on Court in Respect Thereof

562.     Exhibitor in relation to Video and Film

563.     Existing law and whether Decree No. 47 of 1992 is an existing law under the provisions of section 315 of the 1999 Constitution

564.     Exotic

565.     Ex parte injunction

566.     Expert

567.     Expert How to be Determined

568.     Expropriation

569.     Extent in Relation to Land

570.     Extradition

571.     Extreme circumstances in paragraph 6 (1) of Election Tribunal and Court Practice Direction 2007

572.     Eye Witness

573.     Facilitator

574.     Facilities to be given accused person under Constitution

575.     facilities under section 36 (6) (b) of the 1999 Constitution

576.     Fictitious Person And Non-Existing Person"

577.     Fact Directly In Issue

578.     Facts in Issue

579.     Fact in Issue

580.     Fair Hearing

581.     Fair Hearing Meaning

582.     Fair Hearing and Fair Trial

583.     fait accompli

584.     Fake Drug

585.     Falsa Demonstratio Non Nocet

586.     False Imprisonment

587.     Federalism

588.     Federalism

589.     Federal Republic of Nigeria and Federal Government of Nigeria

590.     Federal Republic of Nigeria (the Federation) and Federal Government of Nigeria

591.     Fetter and The Prefix un

592.     Fiat

593.     Fiat Justitia

594.     Fiduciary or Confidential Relation

595.     Final Addresses

596.     Final And Conclusion As Used In Section 258(1) 1979 Constitution

597.     Final Appeals in section 285(8) of the1999 Constitution (as amended) denotes

598.     Final in section 246 1 of 1999 Constitution

599.     Final Judgment

600.     Final Judgement and Interlocutory Judgement

601.     Financial Hardship as a Head of Claim in General Damages

602.     Finding Fact

603.     Finding Of Fact

604.     Firearm and Whether Grenade Qualifies as Firearm

605.     Firm

606.     First Occupation or Original Settlement or First Settlement Amounts to

607.     Fixed Base In Relation to Taxation of Companies

608.     For

609.     Force

610.     Forgery

611.     Forfeiture

612.     Forfeiture and Nature of Misconduct that Renders Customary

Tenancy Liable for Forfeiture

613.     Format and Content of a Brief

614.     Formation of Contracts

615.     Forum Non Conveniens

616.     Forum Shopping

617.     Forum Shopping and Effects Thereof

618.     Fraud

619.     Fraud for Purpose of Limitation Law

620.     Fraud in Relation to Undue Influence

621.     Fraudulent Concealment

622.     Fraudulent Misrepresentation

623.     Fresh Trial and Retrial

624.     Frivolous Appeal

625.     From In Terms of Place and Time

626.     Frontloading and Effect of Failure to Frontload

627.     Frustration

628.     Frustration of Contract

629.     Fugitive

630.     Functus Officio

631.     Functus Officio Meaning

632.     Funeral Expenses

633.     Fundamental Rights

634.     Fund Manager and an Investment Company

635.     Further Evidence

636.     Future

637.     Garnishee

638.     General Burden of Proof and Burden of Proof on the Pleadings

639.     General Damages

640.     General damages Ezeani v. Ejidike (1964) 1 All NLR 402

641.     General Damages for Breach of Contract

642.     General Election

643.     General Lien

644.     General Traverse

645.     Generic name and distinction between generic mark and arbitrary trade mark

646.     Gift Inter Vivos

647.     Give a Plea

648.     Gratuitous

649.     Gross Misconduct

650.     Goes to no issue in relation to pleading

651.     Gold Value Clause

652.     Good and Substantial Reasons in application for extension of time within which to appeal or leave to appeal

653.     Good Faith in Criminal Law

654.     Goods or things to be forfeited under section 169 (1)(b) of the Custom and Excise Management Act

655.     Goodwill

656.     Goods and Chattel

657.     Governance

658.     Grant of Adjournment

659.     Grave Misconduct

660.     Ground

661.     Ground in the context of an election petition

662.     Ground of appeal can be described as vague

663.     Ground showing good cause

664.     Ground showing good cause in Order 4 rule 2, Court of Appeal Rules 1981

665.     Guarantee and Guarantee Clause

666.     Guarantee and need for it to be in writing

667.     Guarantor

668.     Guarantor Black’s Law Dictionary

669.     Habeas Corpus

670.     Hails from for purpose of determining where defendant resides

671.     Hakamun and Hakamaini

672.     Hammer

673.     Haraba

674.     Hasten

675.     Hearing

676.     Hearing at trial and appellate courts

677.     Hearing Notice

678.     Hearsay Evidence

679.     Hierarchy of Laws in a Military Regime

680.     High Court in relation to enforcement of fundamental rights

681.     Hold

682.     Hold in Secton 191 of the 1999 Constitution connotes?

683.     Hold the office of Governor

684.     Holiday

685.     Holiday- In the case of Kaugama v. N.E.C. (1993) 3 NWLR (Pt.284) 681

686.     Hostile Witness

687.     Houseboat

688.     However and so however and effect of a provisio

689.     Hull

690.     Hymen

691.     Hypothetical

692.     ‘I believe’ or ‘I disbelieve’

693.     Identification Evidence

694.     Identification evidence and duty on trial court where identification of accused is in issue

695.     Identification of accused and recognition of accused

696.     Identification of accused/suspect

697.     Identification Parade

698.     Identify

699.     Identity of an accused person in a criminal trial and defence of alibi

700.     "If’

701.     If He Thinks Fit and If He Thinks in Order 36 Rule 10 High Court Rules of Rivers State 1988:

702.     If it Appears to the Council

703.     If Satisfied

704.     Ignorance of one’s right precludes exercise of his right

705.     Ignorance of the law can not be used as a defence

706.     Illegality

707.     Illegal contract and voidable contract

708.     Illiterate Person

709.     Immaterial in relation to pleadings

710.     Immediate

711.     Immediate family for purpose of Fatal Accidents Law

712.     Impeachment and Suspension

713.     Implied Promise

714.     Implied Repeal of Statute

715.     Implied Term of Contract

716.     Inability of a company to pay its debt

717.     Inadvertence of mind and slip of pen

718.     Incidence and implication of redundancy in employer/employee relationship

719.     Incidental

720.     Incidental to Another

721.     Include in section 26 of the Admiralty Jurisdiction Act

722.     Include when used in a statute

723.     Inconclusive Evidence

724.     Inconsistent

725.     Incorporated bodies and unincorporated bodies

726.     Indebtedness

727.     Indemnity clause in the Forfeiture of Assets, etc, (Certain Persons)

Decree No.53 of 1999

728.     Independent contractor in action for negligence

729.     Indictment

730.     Individual customer of a bank

731.     indispensable party to a proceeding?

732.     Inducement under the Trafficking in Persons Prohibition Law Enforcement and Administration Act, 2003 (as amended)

733.     Industrial Design

734.     Industry and whether CorporateAffairs Commission is engaged in it

735.     INEC electronic card reader machine

736.     Inevitable Accident

737.     Infamous conduct in a professional respect

738.     ‘’Inference"

739.     Information

740.     Information in relation to criminal trial

741.     Ingredients of offence of uttering

742.     Inherent Power of Court

743.     Inherent power of courts of law

744.     Inherent powers and appellate powers of court

745.     Inherent Jurisdiction

746.     Inheritance

747.     ‘Initiate’

748.     Injunction

749.     Injury as synonym for damage

750.     In rem judgment

751.     Insanity

752.     Instantiate

753.     Institute

754.     Instrument

755.     Instrument and whether a judgment of a court of law can be called an instrument for purpose of interpretation under Order 46 rule 1 of the High Court of Lagos (Civil Procedure) Rules

756.     Intention

757.     Interest

758.     Interest in relation to defence of qualified privilege in libel

759.     Interest in relation to locus standi and test for determining whether litigant has sufficient interest in an action

760.     Interest of justice in Order 36 rule 10 of High Court Rules of Rivers State, 1988

761.     Interest of the children in custody proceedings

762.     Interest rate

763.     ‘Interest rei publicae ut sit finis litium’

764.     Interested Witness

765.     Interim Injunction

766.     Interim Injunction and Interlocutory Injunctions

767.     Interlocutory Appeal

768.     Interlocutory Injunction

769.     Interlocutory Proceeding

770.     Interlocutory process and originating process

771.     Interim and Interlocutory

772.     Inter Partes or Per Rem Jidicata

773.     Interpretation

774.     Interpretation of Unambiguous Words in a Statute

775.     Interpretation of non-compensatory damages in Article 29,

Montreal Convention

776.     Interpretation of Word or Phrase in a Document

777.     Interpreter and translator and whether there is a distinction between

778.     Interrogatories

779.     Intervener in a Suit

780.     In the case of a person first elected as Governor under this Constitution in section 180(2)(a)(a) of the 1999 Constitution

781.     Inter Vivos Gift

782.     Intra

783.     Intra party dispute and "intra legislative council dispute

784.     Intra trade union dispute

785.     Invalid

786.     Invest; The New Oxford Dictionary of English, 1998

787.     Investigate

788.     Investigatory Power

789.     Ipse Dixit of a Witness

790.     Irregular Signature

791.     Irregularity and "Nullity

792.     Ishakole

793.     Ishakole under Yoruba Customary Law

794.     Issuance and service of civil process of court

795.     Issue

796.     Issue for Determination

797.     Issue In a Case and Issue In an Appeal

798.     Issue in Dispute

799.     Issuing of Ballot

800.     It

801.     Job

802.     "Joint And Several Obligation

803.     Joint Collective Scheme

804.     Joint Liability

805.     Joint Liability in Crime Commission section 79 of the Penal code

806.     Judge Advocate

807.     Judgement

808.     Judgment Against Weight of Evidence

809.     Judgment being tainted by bias arising from pecuniary interest and judgment obtained by fraud and implication of each

810.     Judgment Debt

811.     Judgment debt and interest on judgment debt

812.     Judgment in a Land Case

813.     Judgment in Personam

814.     Judgement in Rem

815.     Judicial review

816.     Judgment on the Merits

817.     Judgment on merits (Tom v. Ameh (1992) 1 NWLR (Pt. 217) 309)

818.     Judgement or Order

819.     Judgment under the Foreign Judgment (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act – Section2(1) provides:

820.     Judge’s Chambers

821.     ‘Judicial’

822.     Judicial and Administrative Actions

823.     Judicial and Legal Discretion

824.     Judicial Bias and whether sufficient to disqualify judicial officer

825.     Judicial Dictum

826.     Onagoruwa v. State (1993) 7 NWLR (Pt 303) Page 49

827.     Judicial Discretion

828.     Judicial Discretion and How Exercised

829.     Judicial Notice

830.     Judicial Power

831.     Judicial Tribunal

832.     Judicial tribunal for the purpose of estoppel

833.     Judicious in relation to exercise of discretion

834.     Judicious in relation to exercise of discretion by court

835.     Jurat

836.     Jurisdiction

837.     Jurisdiction of Court

838.     Jurisdiction of Court of Law

839.     ‘Jurisdiction and Power" in Relation to the Federal High Court Vis-A-Vis The State High Court -

840.     Jurisdiction and Venue

841.     Jurisdiction of Judge

842.     Juristic personality and Locus standi- Distinction between.

843.     Justice

844.     Justiciability and Jurisdiction

845.     Justifiable Homicide

846.     ‘Just or Convenient’

847.     Kidnapping

848.     Killing

849.     Labour

850.     Labour and Matters Incidental Thereto

851.     Labourer

852.     Labour Welfare

853.     Laches

854.     Laches and Acquiescence

855.     Lack of Capacity to Initiate Action -

856.     Land in Dispute

857.     ‘Landlord’

858.     Landlord under section 40 of the Rent Control and Recovery of Residential Premises Edict, 1976 as amended

859.     Land Tenure

860.     Last Seen connotes and when invocable in proof of culpable homicide

861.     ‘Last Seen" in Proving Murder

862.     Law and Morality

863.     Law in Relation to the Office of an Executor or Administrator

864.     Law Officer in Relation to Criminal Proceeding

865.     Law of No Direct Evidence

866.     Lease

867.     Leave of Court

868.     Leave to Appeal

869.     Legal Duty and Moral Obligation

870.     Legal Innuendo and Popular Innuendo

871.     Legal Lien

872.     Legal Practice

873.     Legal Practitioner

874.     Legal Practitioner and Whether a Law Firm Qualifies as

875.     Legal Right

876.     Lend

877.     Lend - (Collins English Dictionary, 2009 edition, page 423)

878.     Lender and Borrower

879.     Lesser Offence

880.     Lesser Offence and how to determine when a lesser offence is made out of actual offence?

881.     Lesser Offence in relation to section 179(1) and (2) of the Criminal Procedure Law

882.     Liability

883.     Liability of a Banker to its Customer Arises

884.     Libel

885.     Libel and How Proved

886.     Lien

887.     Lifting the Veil of Incorporation

888.     Lighter

889.     Lighterage

890.     Limitation Period

891.     Liquidated Claim

892.     Liquidated Debt

893.     Liquidated Demand

894.     Liquidated Demand within the meaning of Order 24 Rule 2 of the High Court of Lagos State (Civil Procedure) Rules 1972

895.     Liquidated Money Demands?

896.     Liquidated or Unliquidated Damages;

897.     Liquidated Sum

898.     Liquidation and Dissolution of a Company

899.     Lis Pendens and Stay of Execution

900.     Litis Contestatio

901.     Littoral State

902.     Locus Poenitentiae

903.     Locus Standi

904.     Locus Standi and Jurisdiction of Court

905.     Locus Standi and Justiciability

906.     Lose

907.     Lump Sum

908.     Making a False Document in Writing

909.     Malice

910.     Malice Afore-Thought

911.     Malice in relation to an action for malicious prosecution

912.     Malice in Relation to Libel

913.     Malicious Falsehood

914.     Maliciously

915.     Management as use in section 251(1) of the 1999 Constitution

916.     Mandamus

917.     Mandamus and Mandatory Injunction

918.     Mandamus and Mandatory Injunction

919.     Mandatory injunction made by way of interlocutory application and other interlocutory orders

920.     Mandatory Study under Environmental Impact Assessment Act

921.     Manslaughter

922.     Marine Insurance

923.     Maritime Lien

924.     Marriage under the Matrimonial Causes Act, 1970

925.     ‘Material Alteration of a Document’

926.     Material Contradiction

927.     Material Evidence

928.     Material Facts

929.     ‘Material’ in Relation to Pleading

930.     Material in the Context of Pleading Material Facts

931.     Maxim Expression Unius Est Exclusion Alterius

932.     Maxim "Generalibus specialia derogant

933.     Maxims; he who comes to equity must come with clean hands and delay defeats equity

934.     Maxim Impotentia Excusat Legem

935.     Maxim in pari delicto

936.     Maxim interest republicae ut sit finis litium

937.     Maxim nemo dat quod non habet

938.     Maxim nemo debet bis vexari, siconstet curiae quod sit pro una et eadem causa

939.     Maxim nullum commodum capere potest de injuria sua propria ex turpi causa non oritur actio

940.     Maxim that law intends what is agreeable to reason

941.     May

942.     May in a Statute

943.     May in relation to section 28(5) Land Use Act 1978

944.     May in Section 88 of Sheriffs and Civil Process Act

945.     May sue and be sued in its corporate name in section 1 of NAFDAC Act

946.     Medical treatment and what constitutes consent of patient thereto

947.     Member of a Company

948.     Memorandum

949.     Memorandum of Understanding

950.     Memorandum of understanding or letter of intent

951.     Mens Rea

952.     Mental Agony as a Head of Claim in General Damages

953.     Mere Controversy and Justiciable Controversy

954.     Merit As A Legal Term

955.     Merits Hearing

956.     Mesne Profit

957.     Mining and Explosives under Explosives Regulations, Cap. 117, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 1990

958.     Ministerial Act or Duty

959.     "Minor Chief’ Under the Chiefs Law of Oyo State, 1978

960.     Miscarriage of Justice

961.     Miscarry and Miscarriage of Justice

962.     Misconduct

963.     Misconduct by Arbitrator

964.     Misconduct on part of an airline

965.     Misdirection

966.     Misdirection by a Court

967.     Misdirection in Law

968.     Mislead"

969.     Misnomer

970.     Misnomer and How Treated

971.     Misrepresentation

972.     Mnis ratihabitio retrotrahitur et manadato priori aequiparatur

973.     Modification in relation to power of the President under section 315 of the 1999 Constitution

974.     Money Laundering

975.     Money Lender

976.     Money Lender

977.     Monitoring in section 2 of the Monitoring of Revenue Allocation to Local Governments Act 2005

978.     Month

979.     Mortgage

980.     Mortgage Deed

981.     Motion

982.     Motor vehicle under the Hire Purchase Act

983.     Mucus

984.     Multiplicity

985.     Murder

986.     Murder and manslaughter

987.     Name

988.     Name and Alias

989.     Narcotic

990.     Narcotic Drug

991.     Native and "non-native under Land Tenure Law of Northern Nigeria

992.     Natural Person and Juristic Person" Denotes

993.     Nature of and rationale for doctrine of lis pendens;

994.     Necessary Parties

995.     Necessary party for purposes of joinder

996.     Necessary Party

997.     Necessary party In Re: Mogaji (1986) 1 NWLR (Pt.19) 759

998.     Necessary Party to an Action

999.     Necessary party to a proceeding

1000.     Negligence

1001.     Negligence Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503 @ 507 CA; and Glasgow Corporation v. Muir (1943) AC 448 @ 456; (1943) 2 All ER 44 @ 48 (H/L)

1002.     Negligence – Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary ⁵th edition

1003.     "Nemo dat quod non habet

1004.     No Case Submission

1005.     No Case Submission in Criminal Trials

1006.     No Contest

1007.     ‘Nominal Damages’

1008.     Nominate

1009.     Non-Joinder and Misjoinder of Party

1010.     Non-suit and when not appropriate to order same

1011.     Notice

1012.     Notify party to a bill of lading?

1013.     Not later than and prior to used in paragraph 5(a) of the Court of Appeal Practice Directions, 2013

1014.     Notwithstanding when used in a statute

1015.     Novation

1016.     Novation in the law of contract

1017.     Nuisance

1018.     Nuisance- Types - Public nuisance - Meaning of

1019.     Nullity

1020.     Nullity Judgment

1021.     Oath of allegiance and Oath of office

1022.     Obiter Dictum

1023.     Obiter Dictum Akibu v. Oduntan(2000) 13 NWLR (Pt. 685) 446; Owhonda v. Ekpechi.

1024.     Obtain with respect to taking extra-judicial statement of accused by police

1025.     Occupation and possession" in relation to land

1026.     Occupation and possession of land

1027.     Occupier under the Land Use Act

1028.     Occupy

1029.     ‘Offence’ and its distinction in criminal and civil trials

1030.     Offence of Attempt

1031.     Offence of obtaining by false pretences

1032.     Offence of obtaining by false pretences

1033.     Offensive Weapon

1034.     Offer and Invitation to Treat

1035.     Offer or an invitation is not same as an agreement

1036.     Office of the corporation or company

1037.     Officer

1038.     ‘Official’

1039.     Oil Terminal

1040.     On Board the Aircraft

1041.     Omnibus Ground of Appeal

1042.     Opinion and How Formed

1043.     Oppression

1044.     Oppressive in relation to management of company’s affairs

1045.     Or In section 19 of the Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Act, 2000 (now section 22 of the Corrupt Practices and Other RelatedOffences Act, 2003, Cap C.31, Laws of the Federationof Nigeria, 2004)

1046.     Or In section 145(1) of the ElectoralAct, 2006

1047.     Order striking out a case and an order dismissing a case

1048.     Order which court is not competent to make and order court is competent to make but made erroneously

1049.     Or other law of Federal or State Government" in section 66 (1) (h) of the 1999 Constitution

1050.     Originating Process

1051.     Originating Summons

1052.     "Or purported to have been done’’ in Section 3(3) of Decree No. 17 of 1984

1053.     Other in section 3(1)(d) of the Failed Banks (Recovery of Debts) and Financial Malpractices in Banks Decree No. 18 of 1994

1054.     Other offensive weapon under the Robbery and Firearms Act

1055.     Otherwise in section 2(3)(f) ofAdmiralty Jurisdiction Act, 1991

1056.     Ouster

1057.     Ouster of Jurisdiction

1058.     Out Of Court Settlement

1059.     Outstanding

1060.     overreach

1061.     Overreaching Conduct

1062.     Overriding public interest that will warrant revocation of statutory right of occupancy

1063.     Ownership

1064.     Ownership of Land

1065.     Package

1066.     Pacta conventa quae neque contraleges neque dolo malo inita sunt omni modo obsevandaservanda sunt

1067.     Pains and suffering and loss of amenities of life

1068.     Parastatals

1069.     Participate

1070.     Parties

1071.     Parties interested in an election petition

1072.     Parties ought to plead

1073.     Parties to an Action

1074.     Partition and allocation of family land

1075.     Partnership

1076.     Party

1077.     Party and Person Interested

1078.     Party Inter Alia

1079.     Party Interested in a Suit

1080.     Party Jurisdiction in Relation to section 251 of 1999 Constitution

1081.     Party to an Action

1082.     Passenger on an Aircraft

1083.     Passing off and Infringement of Trade Mark

1084.     Penalty

1085.     Penalty clause in a contract and whether enforceable

1086.     Pendent Lite

1087.     Pending Action

1088.     Peninsula

1089.     Pension

1090.     Performance bond and bid bond

1091.     Per Incuriam

1092.     Person

1093.     Personal Loss

1094.     Persons Interested

1095.     Person Aggrieved

1096.     Person and party in respect of court proceedings

1097.     Person having interest or person aggrieved

1098.     Persons having interest and test for determining a person having interest

1099.     Person when used in a statute

1100.     Person in section 2(1) of the Legal Practitioners Act

1101.     Person not interested in the outcome of an action?

1102.     Personal representative of a deceased person

1103.     Personal and corporate rights in a company

1104.     Personam

1105.     Person in Order 6 rule 5(b), Federal High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules, 2009

1106.     Personal Representative

1107.     Persons Having Interest

1108.     Persons Unknown

1109.     Pertain

1110.     Perverse

1111.     Perverse Decision

1112.     Perverse Finding

1113.     Perverse Finding of Fact

1114.     Perverse Finding by Trial Court

1115.     Perverse Finding by Trial Courts

1116.     Perverse Judgment of Trial Court

1117.     Petition

1118.     Petitioner" in section 145(1)(d) of the Electoral Act, 2006

1119.     Photograph

1120.     Photograph and Video Cassette

1121.     Physical Fight

1122.     Pier

1123.     Pinch of Salt

1124.     Place of abode, residence and domicile

1125.     Plant

1126.     Plea Bargaining

1127.     Pleadings

1128.     Plea in Criminal Trial

1129.     Pledge Under Customary Law

1130.     Police Officer

1131.     Policy

1132.     Political party

1133.     Poll

1134.     Polling Agent is Not a Party Agent

1135.     Pollution

1136.     Pond

1137.     Port

1138.     Possession

1139.     Possession of Land

1140.     Possession of Land and Occupation of Land

1141.     Post-Judgment Interest

1142.     Power And Jurisdiction

1143.     Power of Attorney

1144.     Power of court to prevent abuse of its process and act that will frustrate exercise of its function

1145.     Power of employer to dismiss employee for gross misconduct and meaning of gross misconduct

1146.     Practice

1147.     Practice Direction

1148.     Pre

1149.     Precedent

1150.     Pre-election dispute and Post

1151.     Pre-Election Matter

1152.     Pre-Hearing Session

1153.     Prejudice

1154.     Pre-Judgment Interest

1155.     Pre-Judgment Interest and Post-Judgment Interest

1156.     Preliminary

1157.     Preliminary Objection

1158.     Premature

1159.     Premeditated

1160.     Premises

1161.     Premises under National Film and Video Censors Board Act

1162.     Premium in contract of insurance-

1163.     Premium to be Arranged

1164.     Prepare in Order 7 rule 7(1) Court of Appeal Rules

1165.     Preponderance of Evidence

1166.     Prescription

1167.     President under 1999 Constitution and Head of Federal Military Government under Constitution (Basic Provisions) Decree 32 of 1975

1168.     Presumption of law

1169.     Presumption of Regularity

1170.     Prima facie case

1171.     Prima facie evidence in criminal trials

1172.     Prima facie defamatory statement

1173.     Primary facts and conclusions from those facts

1174.     Principal member of the family

1175.     Private Documents

1176.     Private Water

1177.     Privies

1178.     Privileged occasion in libel cases

1179.     Privileged occasion in plea of qualified privilege

1180.     Privilege statement and privilege occasion

1181.     Privity

1182.     Privity of Contract

1183.     Privy and classification of privies

1184.     Privy and Liquidator

1185.     Proceedings

1186.     Proceedings is synonymous with suit in section 36 of Abia University Law

1187.     Procedural jurisdiction and substantive jurisdiction

1188.     Process

1189.     Procure

1190.     Produce in relation to evidence

1191.     Production of Tax Payments

1192.     Proforma Invoice

1193.     Proliferation of issues on appeal and need to avoid same

1194.     Promptly Report Connote

1195.     Proper Parties

1196.     Proper Traverse

1197.     Proof beyond Reasonable Doubt

1198.     Proof of Boundaries of Land in Dispute

1199.     Proof of Crime

1200.     Proof of Evidence

1201.     Proof of Fact

1202.     Proof of Pledge

1203.     Property

1204.     Prosecute

1205.     Prosecute in the context of tort of malicious prosecution

1206.     Protection of Legal Right

1207.     Provocation and when provocation will not avail an accused person

1208.     Public

1209.     Publication

1210.     Publication in Action for Libel

1211.     Publication of Defamatory Matter

1212.     Public Building

1213.     Public Document

1214.     Public Holiday

1215.     Public meeting under the Public Order Act;

1216.     Public Meeting within Defamation Law of Lagos State

1217.     Public Officer

1218.     Public Officer and Public Service;

1219.     Public Policy

1220.     Public Record

1221.     Public Service of State

1222.     Public Service of the Federation;

1223.     Purchase Order

1224.     Public Welfare

1225.     Punctuation Marks

1226.     Purport and Import of to the extent

1227.     Purport and application of the inconsistency rule

1228.     Purported

1229.     Purport of Brief Writing

1230.     Purport of Cause List

1231.     Purport of Exemption Clauses

1232.     Purport of Self Defence

1233.     Put on Hold

1234.     Qualification and Tenure

1235.     Qualified Privilege

1236.     Quantum Meruit

1237.     Quasi-Judicial

1238.     Quay

1239.     Question of law for purpose of determining whether a ground of appeal is of law

1240.     "Qui Prior Est Tempore Portior Est Jure

1241.     Quic quid plantatur solo solo cedit and limitation of same

1242.     Question of Fact

1243.     Question of Law

1244.     Question of law for purposes of appealing as of right or with leave

1245.     Quorum

1246.     Quorum Chambers 2⁰th Century Dictionary

1247.     Raising Fresh Point on Appeal

1248.     Rape

1249.     Ratio Decidendi

1250.     Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dictum

1251.     Ratio decidendi of a case is determined

1252.     Real Likelihood of Bias

1253.     Reason

1254.     Reasonable

1255.     Reasonable and probable cause in relation to an action for malicious prosecution

1256.     Reasonable Cause of Action

1257.     Reasonable Diligence

1258.     Reasonable Doubt

1259.     Reasonable Man

1260.     Reasonable Man Or Person As Reader Of Defamatory Publication

1261.     Reasonable Time

1262.     Reasonable time in section 36 of the1999 Constitution

1263.     Reasonable Time" For Purposes of Fair Trial

1264.     Reasoning

1265.     Receipt

1266.     Receipt Clause

1267.     Reception and Evaluation of Evidence

1268.     Receiver

1269.     Reckless

1270.     Reckless Conduct

1271.     Reckless Homicide

1272.     Recognition"

1273.     Recondite

1274.     Recondite

1275.     Recondite Point of Law

1276.     Record of Appeal

1277.     Recoverable for Conversion and for Detinue

1278.     Recruit

1279.     Re-entry

1280.     Refer to drawer when endorsed on a cheque and whether defamatory of drawer

1281.     Registered

1282.     Register Title

1283.     Registered Vehicle in the Name of a Person

1284.     Registration and Register

1285.     Registration and Recognition How Synonymous?

1286.     Regulation or Subsidiary Instrument"

1287.     ‘Rehearing’

1288.     Re-Hearing of Appeal

1289.     Relevant Person In Admiralty Matters

1290.     Relevancy and Weight Of Evidence

1291.     Remand

1292.     Remoteness of damages in actions for breach of contract

1293.     Removal

1294.     Renegotiate"

1295.     Rent"

1296.     Rent

1297.     Repeal and Types

1298.     Reply Brief

1299.     ‘Represent’

1300.     Representative Capacity

1301.     Repugnancy principle and test customary law must pass before being enforced

1302.     Repugnant

1303.     Repugnant To Natural Justice, Equity And Good Conscience

1304.     Reputation

1305.     Rent And Mesne Profits

1306.     Res

1307.     Reside

1308.     Residence of Company

1309.     ‘Resident’ in Decree No.37 of 1987

1310.     Res Inter Alios Acta

1311.     Res Ipsa Loquitur

1312.     Res Ipsa Loquitur –Application of the Doctrine

1313.     Res Judicata

1314.     Res Judicata and Estoppel

1315.     Res Judicata Pro Veritate Accipitur

1316.     Respondent’s Notice

1317.     Respondent’s Notice and a Cross-Appeal

1318.     Respondent’s Notice of Contention

1319.     Resolution

1320.     Resulting Trusts

1321.     Retailer

1322.     ‘Retirement’ and ‘Dismissal’

1323.     Retraction

1324.     Retracted Confession

1325.     Retrial

1326.     ‘Retroactive Law’

1327.     Retroactive or retrospective law and when unconstitutional

1328.     Retrospective Effect Law

1329.     Retrospective Statute

1330.     Return

1331.     Return Day

1332.     Return in Relation to Election

1333.     Revenue in relation to Federation Account maintained by the Federal Government

1334.     Reversion

1335.     Rifle

1336.     Rig and Whether it Qualifies as a Motor Vehicle

1337.     Right and Title in Relation to Property

1338.     Right of Action

1339.     Right of Appeal

1340.     Right of Private Defence

1341.     Right to Fair Hearing

1342.     Robbery

1343.     Robbery and Armed Robbery

1344.     Rod

1345.     Rule of Law

1346.     Run and Manage

1347.     Rush"

1348.     Safeguard in section 20, 1999 Constitution;

1349.     Sale of Land and Lease of Land

1350.     Same Transaction in Libel Cases

1351.     Satisfied

1352.     Satisfied the requirements of the Constitution and this Act in section 136(2), Electoral Act, 2002

1353.     Scandalous

1354.     School certificate or its equivalent in section 318, 1999 Constitution

1355.     ‘’Screen’’ in admission process in University

1356.     Sea-Worthy"

1357.     Secondary Evidence

1358.     Secured Debt and How to Enforce Payment of Same

1359.     Secretary under Mangu Traditional Council Standing Order, 1984

1360.     Secret society and ingredientsa petitioner alleging respondent’s membership of secret society must plead and prove

1361.     Securities.

1362.     Securities Industry

1363.     Seizure in section 29 of the EFCC Act

1364.     Sentence Bargain

1365.     Service of process on individuals and service of process on companies

1366.     Set Aside

1367.     Set-Off

1368.     Several

1369.     Several Liability

1370.     Sex

1371.     Sexual immorality

1372.     Shall’’ and must" in Order 2 rule (4) of the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules

1373.     Shall and shall not shall contain in sections 86 and 87 of Evidence Act

1374.     Shall in paragraph 1(1)(c), PracticeDirection 2007

1375.     Shall certify the election materials from the office to the polling booths in section 67(3) of the Electoral Act, 2002

1376.     ‘Shall’ in Order 3 rule 2(1) of the Court of Appeal Rules, with regards to stating the exact relief sought in an appeal

1377.     Shall in an enactment

1378.     shall in sections 2(2) and 3(1) of the Nigerian Ports Decree, 1993

1379.     Shall Not Be Set Aside or be Treated as a Nullity

1380.     ‘Shall not lie’ in Section 2(a) of the Public Officers Protection Law

1381.     Shall, Must and May in the Enactment

1382.     Shall operate" in Order 1 Rule 2(6) of the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 1979

1383.     Shall or Must"

1384.     Sham Defence

1385.     Share Certificate

1386.     Ship

1387.     Ship Seaworthy

1388.     Shrine and its Distinction from Secret Society

1389.     Signature

1390.     Similar

1391.     Simple Interest and Compound Interest

1392.     Slander and Libel

1393.     Sodomy

1394.     Special and Exceptional Circumstances

1395.     Special and General Damages

1396.     Special Circumstance

1397.     Special Damages

1398.     Special damages, exemplary damages and general damages and distinction between them

1399.     Specific intention for sustaining a murder charge

1400.     Specific Performance

1401.     Specific Performance of a Contract of Service

1402.     Speculation

1403.     Spent

1404.     Spillage

1405.     Sponsor

1406.     Sponsorship and nomination under Electoral Act, 2006

1407.     Spurious

1408.     Squatter

1409.     Stakeholder

1410.     Standard of Proof

1411.     Stare Decisis

1412.     State

1413.     State under International law

1414.     Status

1415.     Status and legal personality of a company and effect of distinction of subsidiary company from its parent company

1416.     Status Quo

1417.     Status Quo Ante

1418.     Status Quo Ante Bellum

1419.     ‘Status Quo Ante Bellum’

1420.     Status Quo Ante Bellum or as it is Often Expressed Status Quo Ante Litem

1421.     ‘Statutory’

1422.     Statutory Corporation

1423.     Statutory and Inherent Jurisdiction of the Court

1424.     Statutory Interest

1425.     Statutory Provision

1426.     Statutory Tenancy

1427.     Statutory right of occupancy and customary right of occupancy under the Land Use Act, 1978 -

1428.     Stealing

1429.     Stevedoring

1430.     Strict Proof of Special Damages

1431.     Striking out and dismissal upon discontinuance of an action

1432.     Subject to

1433.     Subject Matter Jurisdiction

1434.     Subject to Contract

1435.     Subject To In a Statute

1436.     Subject to the provisions of any other Act or any law and subject to the provisions of this section

1437.     Subject to when used in a statute

1438.     Suborned Witness

1439.     Subpoena

1440.     Subpoena ad testificadum and subpoena duces tecum"

1441.     Subpoena duces tecum ad testificandum

1442.     Subsidiary Company

1443.     Subsidiary Corporation

1444.     Subsidiary Legislation

1445.     Substantial

1446.     Substantial Compliance

1447.     Substantial Compliance With a Statue

1448.     Substantial Dispute

1449.     Substantially in accordance with the principles of the Act in section 135(1) of the Electoral Act, 2002 -Per PAT-ACHOLONU, J.S.C.

1450.     Substantive Law and Procedural Law

1451.     Substantial Point of Law for Purpose of Reference

1452.     Substantial Question of Law for Purpose of Reference

1453.     Substitution

1454.     Sue and be Sued

1455.     Sufficient Clause

1456.     Sufficient Interest

1457.     Submission in Relation to Arbitration

1458.     Substantial question of law" to qualify it for reference to the Court of Appeal

1459.     Summary Dismissal

1460.     Summarily dismissed and meaning of gross misconduct

1461.     Summary Judgement

1462.     Summary Judgement and Default Judgement

1463.     Summary judgment Order 10 High Court Lagos State

1464.     Summation

1465.     Summary Proceedings

1466.     Summary Trial

1467.     Superior Police Officer

1468.     Supernumerary

1469.     Supernumerary Police Officer

1470.     Supervisory in relation to court

1471.     ‘Supplement’

1472.     Suppress

1473.     Supply of Services in relation to Section 46 of Value Added Tax Act

1474.     Supreme

1475.     Suspend

1476.     Suspended Sentence in Criminal Law

1477.     Suspension

1478.     Suspension of Employee

1479.     Suspicion

1480.     Suspicion and Prima Facie Case

1481.     Ubi Jus Ubi Remedium

1482.     Unchallenged

1483.     Unchallenged and Uncontroverted"

1484.     Unchallengedand uncontrovertedand the appropriate use of each in relation to evidence

1485.     Undue Influence and Circumstances in Which it May Arise

1486.     Unfit

1487.     Unitary System of Government

1488.     Unjust Enrichment

1489.     Unlawful Homicide

1490.     Unlawful homicide- Section 315 of the criminal code

1491.     Unlicensed Contracts

1492.     Vague

1493.     Vague Ground of Appeal

1494.     Valid or Lawful Vote

1495.     Valued Added Tax Act

1496.     Variation in the Law of Contract

1497.     Venue in Relation to Action

1498.     Verify

1499.     Vessel

1500.     Vessel (Black’s Law Dictionary)

1501.     Vest

1502.     Vested Interest and Vested Rights

1503.     Vested Right and Contigent Right

1504.     Vests

1505.     Video

1506.     Video Cassette

1507.     Virgin Land

1508.     Visit to Locus in Quo

1509.     Vital Witness

1510.     Vital witness [Onah v. State (1985) 3 NWLR (Pt. 12) 236

1511.     Void

1512.     Void Act

1513.     Void in Order 6 rule 3 of the Federal High Court (Civil Procedure)

Rules, 2000

1514.     Void Marriage

1515.     Volunteer" Under Contractual Transaction

1516.     Waiver

1517.     Waiver Ariori v. Elemo (1983) 1SCNLR 1 at 25,

1518.     Waiver in Law

1519.     Warehousing

1520.     Warning

1521.     What Recognition of Accused Persons Presupposes

1522.     When an Appeal is Brought and When it is Entered

1523.     When Shall Can Be Construed as May"

1524.     Whether a Matchet is an Offensive Weapon

1525.     Whether Indian Hemp is a narcotic drug within the purview of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency Act

1526.     Whether Lack of Jurisdiction by Court Can Be Waived by Parties to Proceeding;

1527.     Whether the person against whom the injunction is sought is or is not in possession under any claim of title"

1528.     Whim

1529.     White Paper

1530.     "Who is