The Heroic Enthusiasts
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Giordano Bruno
Giordano Bruno wird 1548 in Nola geboren. Er studiert ab 1562 in Neapel humanistische Wissenschaften und tritt drei Jahre später in den Dominikanerorden ein. 1575 beendet er sein Theologiestudium und zieht zum erstenmal den Verdacht der Ketzerei auf sich. Es folgen ruhelose Wanderjahre durch halb Europa, während derer Bruno an jeder neuen Wirkstätte schnell durch antiaristotelische Vorträge die ansässige Professorenschaft provoziert. Zurückgekehrt nach Venedig wird er 1592 denunziert und der Inquisition übergeben.Von der Ursache, dem Prinzip und dem Einen erscheint 1584. Bruno vertritt die Meinung, daß im Universum alles beseelt sei und deshalb im Sinne der antiken Lehre des Pantheismus eine Identität von Gott und Natur angenommen werden kann. Damit kann absolutes Wissen nicht durch theologische, sondern muß vielmehr durch naturwissenschaftliche Erkenntnis erlangt werden. Brunos zentrale Auseinandersetzung mit Aristoteles findet sich in Vom Unendlichen, dem Universum und den Welten, in dem das Problem der Vielheit der Welten behandelt wird. Den Vertretern der scholastischen Methode wirft Bruno vor, in einem verschulten Aristotelismus nur Abstraktionen gelten zu lassen, dadurch aber die Pluralität der Welt nicht zu erkennen. Neben philosophischen Texten verfaßt Bruno bedeutende Lehrgedichte wie Über die Monas (1591), die ihn als auch als Literaten zeigen. Brunos Werk hat die unterschiedlichsten Interpretationen erfahren; unbestritten ist sein Einfluß auf Denker wie Spinoza und Hegel. Leibniz übernimmt von ihm den Begriff der Monade.Giordano Bruno stirbt nach 8 jähriger Kerkerhaft 1600 auf dem Scheiterhaufen in Rom.
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