Scars and Revelations: My Journey from Sudan’s Brutality to Poland, Love and Family

By Martin Bol Deng Aleu

Sudan’s conflicts are rooted in the creation of the state. During Sudan’s Anglo-Egyptian colonial rule, the Arabic Muslim north and Christian and animist south were ruled as two distinct entities. The north was modernized but the south neglected, creating parallel entities which overlooked the diversity and historical interrelations between the areas.

Sudan's conflicts are rooted in the creation of the state.
A 1947 policy change to unify them meant that when the country was granted independence in 1956, Sudan was left with a heavily unified and centralized state, ruled from the north. The south, which already had social and political grievances, feared it would be dominated by the Arabic and Islamist North. Promises to create a federal system were soon broken.

In 1955, tensions flared up and led to the outbreak of the first Sudanese civil war. The conflict, which featured successive coups and regime changes, ended with the 1972 Addis Abeba agreement and another promise of political autonomy for the South. Disputes over the discovery of oil in the south in 1979, together with President Nimeiry’s decision to implement Islamic Sharia law for the whole of Sudan and end southern autonomy, led to a new surge in civil violence in 1983.

Charity website: www.adongor.org
Name of the Foundation: Adongor Foundation
Founded by Martin Bol Deng Aleu MA in 2018.
Founded on 2018 and officially with the ministry of justice in Poland and can have activities and branches around the global.
And Euro African Foundation founded by Mr Adil Abdel Aati, and is a charity a working in partnership with ADONGOR FOUNDATION.

(100% of proceeds from the sale of this book will be donated to humanitarian efforts and projects of ADONGOR and Euro-African Foundations, NGOs registered in Poland working for African people at home and in Diaspora.)

• Language: English
• Publisher: AuthorHouse UK
• Release date: Dec 10, 2020
• ISBN: 9781665581912

Martin Bol Deng Aleu

I live in difficult times , full of important political , social ,economic changes, from the British colonial to the civil war in Sudan between North and South Sudan which lasts from 1955 to 2005 finished with the agreement known CPA - Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of Sudan and SPLA/M in January 2005.

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© 2020 Martin Bol Deng Aleu. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

Published by AuthorHouse 03/18/2021

ISBN: 978-1-6655-8192-9 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-6655-8191-2 (e)

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and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

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expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the

views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

This book is based on materials and sources collected by the author.

Computer design and signatures signed:

        Author: Martin Bol Deng Aleu

        Editors: Shiela Dela Vega

                    Adil Abdel Aati

                    May Arado

CONTENTS

Acronyms and Historical and Geographic Information

Preface: Admission

Acknowledgements and Memories

Part I

My History Traced from My Early Life in Sudan

Chapter 1     Early Scars

Chapter 2     First Communion, Family, and the Miracle of Milk

Chapter 3     Childhood and Education

Chapter 4     Immigration from Sudan to Foreign Countries

Chapter 5     Education, Training, and Experience Timelines

Part II

The History between South and North Sudan

and My Forced Immigration

Chapter 6     The Men Who Destroyed Sudan

Chapter 7     Immigration from South Sudan to Khartoum, 1981

Chapter 8     The Revelations of Jesus Christ and the Mother of God

Part III

My New Homeland, Poland

Chapter 9     Immigration from Syria to Poland through Thailand, 1996

Chapter 10   More Revelations

Chapter 11   Pilaszków and the History of My Life in Poland

Chapter 12   My Family

Chapter 13   My Marriage to Monika

Part IV

My Second Homeland, Poland

Chapter 14   Poland and Its History

Chapter 15   Warsaw

Chapter 16   Kraków

Chapter 17   Gdansk

Chapter 18   Poznań

Chapter 19   Wroclaw

Chapter 20   Toruń

Bibliography

Other books by the author

ACRONYMS AND HISTORICAL

AND GEOGRAPHIC

INFORMATION

Acronyms

Sudan and Sudanese conflicts: A timeline

The Cushite Dynasty—from around 730 BC

Christians and Muslims—543–1821

Egyptian rule—from 1821

The Mahdi and the British—1881–1898

Anglo-Egyptian Condominium—1899–1956

British policy on South Sudan—1900s

Sudan independence heroes—Ali Abdul Latif called for self-determination in 1924

Independence and civil war—1956–1985.

Political and development crisis in Sudan

Reflections on peace

South Sudan conflict and national crisis: An analysis and the challenges

Participant responses

Peace mediation and peace building in the region

Learning from Darfur: The challenges for South Sudan’s civil society

Participant responses

The Kuron Peace Initiative

The Jonglei Peace Dialogues

Participant responses

Civil society efforts toward the Peace Mediation Process by Citizens for Peace and Justice

Participant responses

Delivered to the Child Health Study Group

African Sovereignty and International Recognition

Sudan Civil War—1955–2005

Sudan’s First Civil War—1955–1972

Sudan’s Second Civil War—1983–2005

Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM)

Sudan Peace Process—1993–2011

People of South Sudan and their cultures

Dinka (Muonjang, Jieng)

Geographical location section

Historical Background of Mading Aweil, one of the largest cities in South Sudan

Nuer (Naath)

Demographic and geographic distribution

Shilluk (Chollo)

Anyuak (Anyuaa)

Acholi

PREFACE: ADMISSION

I live in difficult times, full of important political, social, and economic changes. This has been true for my country, Sudan, since British colonialisation. After that came the civil war in Sudan between North and South Sudan, often defined as two civil wars back to back that together lasted from 1955 to 2005 and ended with an agreement known as the CPA (Comprehensive Peace Agreement), signed between the Government of Sudan and SPLA/M (Sudan People’s Liberation Army/Movement) in January 2005.

Colonial rule, independence, and two civil wars

Sudan’s conflicts are rooted in the creation of the state. During Sudan’s Anglo-Egyptian colonial rule, the Arabic Muslim north and Christian and animist south were ruled as two distinct entities. The north was modernised, but the south was neglected—creating parallel entities, which overlooked the diversity and historical interrelations between the areas.

Sudan’s conflicts are rooted in the creation of the state.

A 1947 policy change to unify the divided areas meant that, when the country was granted independence in 1956, Sudan was left with a heavily unified and centralised state, ruled from the north. The south, which already had social and political grievances, feared it would be dominated by the Arabic and Islamist north. Promises to create a federal system were soon broken.

In 1955, tensions flared up and led to the outbreak of the first Sudanese civil war. The conflict, which featured successive coups and regime changes, ended with the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement and another promise of political autonomy for the south. Disputes over the discovery of oil in the south in 1979, together with President Nimeiry’s decision to implement Islamic Sharia law for the whole of Sudan and end southern autonomy, led to a new surge in civil violence in 1983.

In the same year, southerner Dr John Garang formed the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) to fight for a secular but unified Sudan. In another coup, Nimeiry was dismissed and replaced by Sadiq Al-Mahdi after general elections in 1986. Al-Mahdi gave his armed militias free reign in the south; they killed, enslaved, and raped the local population.

In 1988, a famine hit Sudan. As food became a weapon in the conflict, the famine led to an estimated 250,000 deaths. In total, around 2 million people died, and another 4 million were displaced. A 1989 coup led to Omar al-Bashir assuming the presidency. Under his rule, repression increased, while the situation in the south and other peripheries severely deteriorated.

The Comprehensive Peace Agreement

and the secession of South Sudan

Things changed in the early 2000s when international pressure, based on the 1997 US sanctions regime—influenced by the notion that Sudan was supporting terrorist organisations and destabilising the region—led to a north-south peace process. After extensive peace talks, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed by the SPLM/A, and Bashir’s National Congress Party (NCP) in 2005. This ended the civil war and allowed for a referendum and eventual South Sudanese independence in 2011.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

AND MEMORIES

Many thanks to my family and friends

I would like my past to be saved from oblivion, so I would like to thank God and the Mother of God and Jesus Christ for their care and for being merciful to me and my family. Special thanks to my loving wife, Monika Bol Deng Aleu, along with my daughters and sons—Maria, Alieat, Deng, and Aleu—who are always with me. They are still standing with me in all situations—in difficulties and sadness and in cheerfulness and happiness. Special thanks to my dear friend and family friend Mr Adil Abdel Aati. Many Thanks to Shiela Dela Vega and Adil Abdel Aati, May Arado, editors and to AuthorHouse UK Publishing Team for their care and help with my books publication. Also many thanks to those who helped me and still support and help me with my family. God bless them all. Special thanks to those people and organizations I couldn’t mention in this page.

Special thanks to those who have offered the

greatest of help to me and to my family

H.E. Bronislaw Komorowski, former president of the Republic of Poland, 2010–2015

H.E. Lech Kaczynski, former president of RP, 2005–2010 and mayor of Warsaw 2002–2005

Mrs Myrna Nazzour, the stigmata and mystic from Syria, Our Lady of Soufanieh, Damascus

Rev. Athanasius Macora, OFM, parish priest of Roman Catholic in Damascus, 1994–1996

Dr Samir Azrak and his wife, Damascus, Syria

Rev. Daniel Boyd M. M., from the National Catholic Commission on Migration, Bangkok

H.E. Cardinal Kazimierz Nycz, Metropolitan of Warsaw

Fr. Dr Edward Sobieraj, former chairman and president of Mercy Foundation and Culture in Pilaszków and all members of the foundation board

Fr. Dr Sylwester Jeż, director of the Catholic Educational Schools Groups, in the name of Fr. Piotr Skargi in Warsaw and the whole bunch of school teachers for the help and support offered to my daughters, Maria and Alieat

Mr Adil Abdel Aati, my best friend, diplomat, political journalist, researcher, founder, and chairman of Euro-African foundation (EAF) - former Harambi Foundation (HF).

S. Elise Anna Maria from Malta, of Mother Teresa Missionary, Warsaw, Poland, 1998

Many thanks to the groups and their leaders

who’ve played a role in our lives

The Southern Sudanese community in the Netherlands

The Sudanese community groups in Poland for their help without borders

Mrs Barbara Milanowska, director of Divine Providence Care and Treatment House in Pilaszków

Mrs Elżbieta Panecka from Divine Providence Care and Treatment House in Pilaszków

Mr Jarosław Grudziński from Divine Providence Care and Treatment House in Pilaszków

Mrs Elżbieta Pychtjarow, head of financials at Divine Providence Care and Treatment House in Pilaszków

Mrs Hanna Kopec and all colleagues at Divine Providence Care and Treatment House in Pilaszków

Professor Dr Hab. Irena Rzeplińska, UW, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights

Professor Dr Hab. Maciej Ząbek, director of the Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology University of Warsaw and head of section of Ethnic and Transcultural Studies

Fr. Professor Dr Hab. Jarosław Różański, UKSW, head of Sociology Institute for Dialogue between Culture and Religion and faculty of Theology of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw

Ms Edyta Jakubowska, Mazowieckie province

Mrs Mec. Elżbieta Opalska, advocate and family lawyer, Warsaw

Fr. Wojciech Łazewski, former director of the Polish Caritas

Fr. Dr Kazimierz Kurek, SDB, from the Salesian missionaries to Africa

Fr. Jarosław Kulesza, the chaplain of the Pilaszków chapel

Mr Maciej Marchiewicz, CEO, Foundation of the Three Kings and Cavalcade (Fundacja. Trzech Króli) and all the members of the board

Fr. Krzysztof Kłosiewicz, parish priest of the Roman Catholic, parish Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Wiersze near Warsaw.

Fr. Michael Spain, parish priest of St Joseph Catholic Church, Gerrards Cross, UK

Polish Television (TVP, TVP info), newspapers, and other media

Millennium Foundation

Mr Przemysław Kucharczak, Sunday Guest Magazine (Gość Niedzielny)

Mrs Janina Ochojska the founder of Polish Humanitaria Action

Mrs Izabela Majewska from Polish Humanitarian Action (PHA) and the office staff

Mr Grzegorz Gargas from the Polish Humanitaria Action (PHA)

Mr Wojciech Trojan from the United Nations (UN-UNHCR) branch office in Warsaw

Mr Paweł Domański from the Immigration Department Office

Municipalities Centre for Warsaw, Mokotów

Tesco Polska and all my colleagues especially the night duty staff.

And special thanks to those people and organisations that I couldn’t mention on this page.

Special thanks to Professor Jan Bronisław Ciesielski

Professor Jan Bronislaw Ciesielski, who studied in England and at the Technical University of Warsaw in 1952, is the one who advised me to write this book as a master’s thesis or PhD dissertation. He and I have had very similar difficult histories in our lives. Professor Jan is ninety-three years old at the time of this writing. I met him when he was our under care at the Divine Providence Care and Treatment House in Pilaszków, from 2011 to 2014. He has since returned back home to his apartment in Warsaw. Thank you so much, Mr Professor, and God bless you and all those who have offered and will offer help to me and to my family, one by one.

PART I

MY HISTORY TRACED

FROM MY EARLY

LIFE IN SUDAN

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CHAPTER 1

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EARLY SCARS

I was barely ten months old when the regime of Sudan killed my mother. On my skin, I bear the scars of torture inflicted by the regime. Many years later, I would—having sought a safe haven—find myself in Poland. But between these two points—my mother’s death and my relocation to Poland—much took place.

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Martin Bol Deng Aleu, MA

I, Martin Bol Deng Aleu, MA, was born on 25 July 1968 in southern Sudan in Aweil province, Bahr el Ghazal state, to a family of intellectuals. My father, Michael Deng Aleu Dut, was a police officer. He was born 1 January 1934 in Gogrial province, Bahr el Ghazal state, South Sudan. He studied at the National Police Academy, Sudan. He died on 25 January 2009 in Khartoum, Sudan. He was seventy-five years old.

My mother, Aluat Mayar Ajiek, was a teacher. She was born in 1 January 1938 in Kuajok, Bahr el Ghazal state, South Sudan. She studied at the Institute of Pedagogy in Tojng Southern Sudan. During the Sudanese Civil War, when I was ten months old, during the school hours on 1 May 1969, she was murdered. She was only thirty-one years old. From that time, I was an orphan without a mother.

From 1970 to 1972, I attended kindergarten in Kuajok province. From June 1973 until January 1978, I studied primary school at Aweil No. 5 for boys. After finishing primary school, I entered Aweil Intermediate School (Gymnasium), which lasted until January 1982. Then I continued my studies at Motamer High Secondary School in Omdurman (Khartoum state). I completed high school in January 1987.

During high secondary school, in 1987, I started officially working for the administration as administrative dominant, teacher, and commissary stocker in the Department of Elementary Education, Omdurman province, Sudan. From November 1987, I began my studies at Omdurman University, Faculty of Economic and Administratıve Sciences. My studies were interrupted in 1989 due to conscription by the Islamic regime under Colonel Omar Al-Basher on 30 June 1989.

I left Sudan after the coup d’état on 30 June 1989 after I had been arrested and tortured. I travelled to different hostile countries (friends of the Sudan regime) until I arrived in Poland in 1996.

I got the status of a refugee in Poland. Poland became my second homeland. I continued my interrupted studies in Poland and internationally, In Poland I studied and received Diploma Degree in Health and Social Care Management & Professional Development Award: (RQF Level 5, / SCQF Level 6-7/ CQFW Level 5/ Level 5 NVQ / SVQ Level 5/ SQA Professional Development Award at SCQF Level 6 and 7. The Medical College School in Pruszków, Poland that was 2007.

I finally receiving my Masters of Arts in international relations (MA) at the Atlantic International University and in 2014 Master of Arts Degree in International Relations MA, Award of Excellence GPA 3.38, Distinction (Problems of Strategic Intelligence), Kingsbridge University, USA.

In July 2018 Certificate of Awareness Global Diplomacy in the Modern World, Centre for International Studies and Diplomacy, University of London, The UK.

My next step now I start doing my PhD with Atlantic International University and University of London.

My Original First Homeland South Sudan

South Sudan was a part of Sudan land, but in July 9th, 2011 Southern Sudanese achieved their independence after long struggle.

In 1955 the Civil War started between the government of Sudan and the southern Sudanese army struggle was known that time Anya Nya one before Sudan independence from Britain which was in January 1st, 1956, but the first War ended in 1972 with agreement known Addis Ababa accord was signed by the President Nimeiry and the Anya Nya leaders.

But the promised was not so long, the government of Sudan under the leadership of Nimeiry and the radicalism Islamic in Sudan under the leadership of Hassan Al-Turabi and who was the president adviser for the law and justice in Sudan they broke down the Sharia law in Sudan in 1983 which was born the second War this time was under the leadership of Dr John Garang De Mabior the leader of the SPLA/M struggle, SPLA/M achieved the independence for southern Sudanese nation in 2011 according to the CPA.

Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed by the SPLM/A, and Bashir’s National Congress Party (NCP) in 2005. This ended the civil war and allowed for a referendum and eventual South Sudanese independence in 2011.

States of South Sudan

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The States of South Sudan were created out of the three historic former provinces (and contemporary regions) of Bahr el Ghazal (northwest), Equatoria (southern), and Greater Upper Nile (northeast).

The states are further divided into 180 counties.

In October 2015, South Sudan’s President Salva Kiir Mayardit issued a decree establishing 28 states in place of the 10 previously established states.

The decree established the new states largely along ethnic lines. [citation needed] A number [who?] of opposition parties challenged the constitutionality of this decree and the decree was referred to parliament for approval as a constitutional amendment.

In November the South Sudanese parliament approved the creation of the new states.

In January 2017, President Salva Kiir decreed a further subdivision of the country from 28 into 32 states.

In February 2020, as a result of a peace agreement that ended the South Sudanese Civil War, the country returned to the original 10 states plus two administrative areas, Pibor and Ruweng, and the special administrative status area of Abyei.

As