Harmony of Economy and Society:: The Paradigm of «D+3D», Laws, and Problems

By Uraz Baimuratov

A novel theme of Harmony of society and its economy on spiritual basis is highlighted for the first time in scientific literarute in this book. Thanks God, based on a synthesis of scientific knowledge and spiritual essence, the features and the global paradigm and the laws of Harmony D + 3D, wrote the entire book. Special attention is paid to the study of huge role of spiritual and moral and intellectual development of individuals, social groups in building of harmonious social economy in countries with four D.
The monograph shows the ways of disharmonies elimination in the modern world, beginning of new epoch and civilizational changes and the need for broad partnership of East and West, all continents in the face of global challenges to the Nations is based here.
The book is intended for workers of science and education, PhD candidates, graduate students, students engaged in scientific research in the fields of economics, finance, sociology, political science, demography and other branches of social Sciences and Humanities. It is of great interest to practitioners and to all the readers who are conscious about the choice of vector of harmonious development of the countries.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Xlibris US
• Release date: Nov 14, 2014
• ISBN: 9781503513433

Uraz Baimuratov

Uraz Baimuratov is a Doctor of Economics, Professor, Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Author of "The National Economic System", "Money and Finance: Nonlinear System", "Investment and Innovation: a Nonlinear Synthesis", "Social Economy" and many other books. His article "Social Impact Investment" was published in the United States in the journal "Problems of Economics" in 1979. He was a speaker at many international conferences, including one at the Institute of Geo-Economics in the United States in 1992. U. Baimuratov was a member of the parliaments of USSR and Kazakhstan for several terms. He was one of the developers of the state program of transition to a market economy. Even before Kazakhstan gained independence he was one of the authors of the scientific idea of acquisition of national sovereignty and the introduction of national currency. He took an active part in the preparation of the Declaration of Sovereignty and Constitution of Kazakhstan. U. Baimuratov is the founder of several scientific schools in Kazakhstan. He justified the duality of the modern world and discovered economic laws of harmony and disharmony. U. Baimuratov is the President of the Global Unity of Harmony regional organization in Kazakhstan.

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Rev. date: 12/19/2014

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Contents

A B S T R A C T

A Word To The Reader

Foreword

Chapter 1 The Approach Of The Modern World Order To Harmonization Is The Agenda Of The Twenty-First Century. The Moment Of Truth

1.1. The Economy And Society: The Concept Of Harmony Between Them

1.2. Social Harmony: Paradigm And Laws—Synthesis Of Spiritual And Scientific Knowledge

1.3. From Predominance Of Disharmony To The Fundamentals Of Harmony: The Era Of Transformation

Chapter 2 West-East: A View From Three Positions Getting Closer To Harmony—The Wind Of Change

2.1. Demoethics (Spirituality And Morality) Is The Foundation Of Harmony Everywhere

2.2. Demographic Development Is A Competitive Dividend Of The East

2.3. Democratization Of Society: Political Brand Of The West

Chapter 3 West-East: The View From Another Perspective On The Approach To Harmony. Boomerang

3.1. About The Change Of Economic Era

3.2. Tendencies Of The Economic Development Of Western And Eastern Countries In The Framework Of Change Of Eras

3.3. Competitiveness Of Economy From The Point Of View Of Harmony About Ratings

Chapter 4 Financial And Economic Crisis—Aggravation Of The System Disharmonies In Society; Submarine Reefs

4.1. Present-Day Crisis Genesis

4.2. Anatomy Of The Present-Day Crises: How To Cope With Them

4.3. Manifesto Of Harmonious Consciousness: Crises, Cataclysms, And Conflicts—How To Overcome The Destructive Synergy Of Three Cs

Chapter 5 Harmonious Social Economy: An Approach To It Is Not A Mirage But A Real Possibility

5.1. Mostly Harmonious Economy: The Paradigm Of D + 3D, Synergy, And Perspective

5.2. Islamic Economic Model Is A Unique Way To Harmony In Society

5.3. Islamic Banking Cures Mania Of Percentage-And-Balances Consciousness Of People

5.4. Corporate Capitalism In The Context Of Approach Toward Harmony: Golden Proportion

Chapter 6 Social Economy In The Modern World: Its Harmonization Light In The End Of The Tunnel

6.1. Models Of National Economies: Brief Analysis

6.2. New Social Economy: Principles And Problems Of Formation

6.3. New Social Market Economy: Paradigms And Prospects

6.4. Principles And Problems Of Transformation Of Economic Systems Into More Harmonious Ones

Chapter 7 Individuals In The Economy Are Creators And Destroyers Of Harmony In Their Desires

7.1. Needs And Ideologies Of Nano Objects Of Economy Are The Beginning Of Everything (From Crisis To Harmony)

7.2. Human’s Attitude To Money: Is It Always In Harmony?

7.3. The Golden Triangle Of Needs: The Human Capital

A B S T R A C T

A NOVEL THEME OF Harmony of society and its economy on spiritual basis is highlighted for the first time in scientific literature in this book. Thanks to God, based on a synthesis of scientific knowledge and spiritual essence, features, global paradigm, and the laws of Harmony «D + 3D» come to light in this book. Special attention is paid to the study of huge role of spiritual and moral and intellectual development of individuals and social groups in building harmonious social economy in countries with fou r D s.

The monograph shows the ways of disharmony elimination in the modern world, beginning of new epoch and civilizational changes, and the need for broad partnership of East and West, all continents in the face of global challenges to the nations is based here.

The book is intended for workers of science and education, PhD candidates, graduate students, and students engaged in scientific research in the fields of economics, finance, sociology, political science, demography, and other branches of social sciences and humanities. It is of great interest to practitioners and to all the readers who are conscious about the choice of vector of harmonious development of the countries.

A WORD TO THE READER

Dear reader!

Everyone had known or heard the word harmony since their childhood. Pay attention to the fact that the term Harmony is written with a capital letter in the title of monograph. This is not by accident because it does not exist in nature. The author has done this quite deliberately. Many researchers mean simple compliance, (commensuration) of some phenomena, processes to other under harmony.

We are talking not only about such kind of harmonies in this book but enunciate a broader interpretation of this notion. The author believes that a universal law of Harmony functions in human society as well as in the universe. The economy is not an exception. Harmony, based on people’s rectitude, should be everywhere. This is what distinguishes Harmony from many other harmonies derived from it or possibly regardless of spirituality. Quasi-harmony—temporary, unstable—seemingly can be found only in spiritually weak and completely atheistic societies.

The formula and laws of Harmony D + 3D is applicable wherever all four spheres of society develop regardless of ethnic and confessional structure of the countries.

I tried to pursue the main idea of Harmony on spiritual basis through the book, starting direction of building of harmonious social economy in the new era. There is visible progress in a large part of humanity toward spirituality in recent years. But along with this, the modern world is still full of deviations from it. There are more than enough disharmonies in the world economy and national economies of the countries. Therefore, I am forced to use the term disharmony as an antonym to the word Harmony. As the saying goes, all is in the state of flux; nothing is the same. I hope that someday the term Harmony will become habitual, widespread, close to the heart of each individual.

We believe that social evolution to Harmony passes through eternal struggle between good and evil. We would like to remind beautiful words from the Koran in this connection: Good and evil cannot be equal, so you have to repel evil with good, and he who feeds hatred to you will become your friend (Sura 41). Then the good will overcome evil and synergy between spheres of society—4 D (demoethics, demography, democracy, demoeconomics)—will be formed. What can be more vital for mankind nowadays?

The author’s judgments about disharmonies in countries of different continents of the world are not criticisms of these or those people, their leaders, ministers of their religion as they are not his competence and his will. They must be considered as study of phenomena and processes leading us in the opposite direction from Harmony. Thanks, God. Therefore, the author relies on the reader’s proper understanding of his attempt according to his lights on purification of truth from error.

The concept of Harmony is very deep in its content. It includes the whole range of good from social justice and rationality in social life to the feeling of love and compassion in human relations. The whole multitude of forms of goodness is not enumerated here. But one more Harmony, which includes beauty in everything, should be suggested, although these two concepts are not equal: the first is wider, richer, more beautiful, more honest than the second. Therefore, the author believes that slogan Harmony will save the world! is more appropriate here than a common phrase Beauty will save the world!

FOREWORD

H ARMONY OF SOCIETY and Economy: Global Paradigm , a new book of academician Uraz Baimuratov introduced to attention of scientific and wide audience, is supposed to be unique for its scientific novelty, depth, innovative discovery by its content, which does not have any analogues in the world litera ture.

We are the witnesses and contemporaries of peculiar change of epochs, interaction of economies and cultures in conditions of rapid growth of information technologies, widening world market of goods, and services.

Uraz Baimuratov is an outstanding research scientist, recognized economist, public figure, founder of several major scientific schools. His name is well-known in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Articles and speeches of Dr. Uraz Baimuratov devoted to Islamic financial model, problems of reforming, and harmonizations of economy had been translated into Arabic and were published in Egyptian publications.

I am happy to meet and communicate with my friend Dr. Uraz Baimuratov. I always admire his deep acute mind, analytical thinking, love to life and people.

New monograph of the scientist allows making moral break on parameters of supreme harmony of spirit and life; it is a unique example of completely new innovative way of thinking, a worthy response to the challenges of the twenty-first century.

The main idea of the book is attractive by the fact that four major processes must be combined in modern society: development of democratization (D), demography (D), spirituality (D), and economic activity. All of them are connected with satisfaction of spiritual and material needs of individuals, countries, and societies.

Foundation of stability of society is high spirituality and morality. Harmonious combination of economy with the three Ds is big creative success of the author.

The author consistently pursues the idea of harmonization of society and economy through all the sections of the book, offers different ways of elimination of disharmonies in the modern world. He logically finishes a book with the chapter on building of harmonious social economy.

Dream about true harmony of mind and being, which had inspired the best minds of world, is still waiting for its implementation.

Will we be able to implement this long-awaited synthesis by combining the past with the present and the present with the future? We need to do this as it is return of man to himself and assurance of hope for the future.

We are not given the other dream.

But what a wonderful dream it is!

Best wishes to the author and future readers.

Rector of University of Islamic culture Nur

Doctor of Philology, Professor,

Member of Academy of Arabic Language

in the cities of Cairo and Damascus

Mahmud Fahmi Hijazi

University of Minnesota

Crookston Campus Office of the Chancellor 107A Selvig Hall

2900 University Avenue Crookston. MN 56716-5001

August 4, 2011

Review of the Book The Harmony of Society and Economics: The World Paradigm

This book is the work of well-known and respected Academician Uraz Baimuratov. It is the sixth of a seven-part series published by the publishing house Economics in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The book is philosophical and broadly conceived. In examining it, I was reminded of the on the Theory of Moral Sentiments by Adam Smith. It takes on age-old questions of peace and harmony and the meaning of life against the backdrop of current issues raised by modern innovation and globalization. As the author points out, East and West must interact and they can do so either in disharmony or (better) in a way that promotes spiritual as well as economic harmony.

Professor Baimuratov’s broad scope considers together the four Ds: demographic change, democratization, development of the spirit, and development of economic strength. He considers globalization, innovation, technological change, competition and value, and welfare economics. He has practical recommendations for organizations, which have to compete in world conditions.

I highly recommend Professor Baimuratov’s monograph for those involved in intercultural interaction in today’s new and changing economic conditions.

Kenneth R. Gray,

PhD in Economics

Crookston, MN USA

(Retired senior economist, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)

ON THE PATH TO A HARMONIOUS ECONOMY: GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE WORLD PARADIGM

(Thoughts on the new book by U. Baimuratov Harmony of Society and Economy: World Paradigm)

The author of the book Uraz Baimuratov is an academician of the National Academy of Science of Republic of Kazakhstan and is famous by his works in the field of national economy and macroeconomic politics, as well as ecological economy, socio economy, and theory of finances.

In the book U. Baimuratov often repeats the words harmony and disharmony; the author characterizes different features of harmonious and disharmonious economic systems depending not on their formal development indexes (for example, GDP per capita) but on the principles of their internal structure, not only institutional but also spiritual and moral.

The author is not inclined, like socialists of a utopian trend, to draw idyllic pictures of an imaginary society in which nonexistent are the contradictions between interests (first of all, economic interests) of private agents. Acknowledging the contradiction and fragmentary of modern society, he still is brave enough to offer several recipes on easing the existent and emerging contradictions, contemplates on how to act in order for processes of economic systems’ transformation not to induce the resistance on the part of a wider population but, on the contrary, so that they will respond to the peoples’ interests and aspirations.

Exactly this very principle still is one of the main ones when economic reforms are being carried out in China: maximum full consideration of economic interests of all agents allows gain a support for the policy of reforms by wider population of the country. If the interests of wider population diminish, then, it will create a massive (overt or concealed) resistance to the reforms, which can’t be allowed to happen.

The value of the author’s thoughts is, in particular, that he, by discussing the criteria of the effectiveness of measures of macroeconomic policy, distances himself from superficial and short-sighted decisions that are based on well-measured and obvious indexes, for instance, on average GDP per capita. For U. Baimuratov the measures that do not lead to harmonization of economy, to constructing more moral social life, are the ones that have no perspective and deadlocked. In this sense, it could be said that he feels the achievements of modern economic science that still puts at the forefront at so-called fetish of GDP, and he motivates it that more adequate indexes of an economic power of macrosystems are not offered.

Lack of quantifiably measured indexes should not be considered a reason for operating with already old and inadequate indexes of an economic growth just as the deficit of intelligent and educated people is not the reason to communicate with the illiterate.

John Kenneth Galbraith and Amaritya Sen were acting against a fetish of gross domestic product, and they were putting under doubt the adequacy of this index when characterizing the economic might of modern macrosystems. It is not for nothing that objections against an imprudent use of such indexes are heard louder and louder on the part of economists of different spheres. In our time started to exist and being actively discussed by economists the phenomenon of an impoverished growth when a country fully supports the GDP growth per capita, but the level of final consumption does not increase because of it, meaning that the population of the country is not benefiting from it. Besides, economic growth may also be connected with predatory exhaustion of resources for the aim of achieving short-term goals. Running for yet another economic miracle, we are risking leaving our descendants a burned-out desert instead of a planet that could have been usable for a decent and happy life.

Today, in the epoch of settling of the economy that is based upon the knowledge, at the forefront plan comes the motivation of people who are participating in its building. And at no level of economic abstraction, we can’t avoid this problem. As for scientists-economists, so is for economists-practics (firstly to make a decision, it is important not only the fact of economic choosing of the private agents but also the motives by which such a choice is made.

By the way, with this has to do the direct connection to the growing role of ideology in economic policy: formation of views, opinions, and beliefs that construe the basis of economic behavior of people becomes an important task, which, with greater or less success, can be resolved with the help of so-called social technologies. But if the representatives of the government power are less interested with this problem, then the population of such country becomes a field for experiments that are being conducted by sociopsychologists and sociotechnologists of other countries.

In this respect, the already-known facts should be recognized and in particular that the motives of getting a profit and maximization of financial flows ceased to be the leading motive for actions as of the individual persons and as of more complex agents like the firms.

The author rightly so mentions that the run for the profit not only brings discomfort to economic life; it is pernicious, first of all, to the very economic agents and institutions that put as a forefront the consequent goals. Any economist knows the dilemma between short-term and long-term interests: decisions that provide high effectiveness in a short period of time seldom become successful in perspective. For instance, the measures of anti-inflation policy, which are directed toward fast extinguishing of inflation splashes, are indeed, becoming disastrous if they are used in long perspective. Short-term measures of increasing the competitiveness of a product (price decrease for a certain enterprise, decline in exchange rate of the national currency for macrosystems) have opposite results in long term.

Approaches of institutionalized economy, comparison of life cycles of different institutions provide, in the sense a rich food for thoughts. Institutes of world religions exist for hundreds and even thousands of years. In comparison with them, the institutes of government power (of any state, by the way) simply have a childish age.

And the firms in comparison with them are just newly born babies; no one firm on earth ever dreamt of such longevity.

It has to do, firstly, with that the long life is entitled to be given only the institutes not aiming themselves for a short-term optimization, avoiding the extremes, extreme trajectories of dynamics. In other words, only not profitable organizations, which put the tasks in front of them, to create the outer effects and not following the goals of getting direct commercial effects may be considered for a long life cycle.

But if distancing from not-profitable organizations and projects, then, even for ordinary firms, which (if to believe economic science) should be aimed at getting the profits, the run for only one short-term effectiveness, without considering long-term interests, are rarely end up being successful. One of the first who had spoken about this idea was Peter Drucker, thanks to the works of which non-profitable management has been transferred from a stepchild of an economic science into a full and thriving section of modern management.

To bring the function of the firm’s usefulness to gaining the profits is the same as to say that the meaning of human life is to eat fully.

Academician U. Baimuratov, by characterizing the current condition and dynamics of the world economy, pays a great deal of attention toward correlation between conservatism and innovation. His views on this problem could also be considered non-standard for modern economic science. In the period of an overwhelming infatuation with innovations, a respected author is not rushing to unite with the choir of voices that praise innovative aspirations and tries to prove its involvement with innovation processes. On his opinion, reasonable conservatism supports the sustainability of economic systems, and the succession allows to support the needed combination of elements of different nature that are so often being met at transforming systems.

As we debated on the ways of modern world economy development and on the reflection of these ways in theoretical mind, it is worth mentioning that a lot of economists traditionally are calling modern economy as a free market one while, in fact, it has been, for long, more than a century, developing different way, which is far from the exultance of a free market calamity. This ability to think about, looks like, obvious questions, distinguishes the author of the book from many other theorists.

Is, in fact, a free market economy so free? Some economists (especially neo-classics) are researching quantitative models of a so-called free market economy, silently implying by it the economy that fully consists of absolutely competitive markets, meaning the one in which there are no barriers of an entrance into the markets, the flow of capital is completely free; information on the prices and the volumes of production are equally available to all agents and are being distributed on a macrosystem immediately and without any costs. And then, by obtaining certain quantity correlations, they are trying to apply them on real economic systems and calling them free market ones without any proof. It also shall be mentioned that to the given formulas, often the trust is much bigger than it really deserves.

Academician U. Baimuratov is free of such pseudo free market illusions. The author more often calls modern economy a social economy, which is completely fair. Only orientation toward social processes, only social aspect that lies in the basis of the economic decisions taken by the agents, provides economic systems with opportunity for development.

In connection with this opportunity of self-development, the fundamental role of education is being emphasized quite often in the book. If short-term motives of getting it are obvious (that is an extra bonus to the salary), then, the long-term motives are often left out of the boundaries of attention by the economists and being taken into an account quite weak when economic decisions are made in this sphere. Meanwhile, participating in high-technology, high-intelligent production processes, expanding the horizons, increasing the creative opportunities, developing the creative abilities of an individual—in other words, long-term consequences of receiving an education—almost is not being taken into consideration neither by educational organizations nor by the state authority that regulates their business.

In the period of time when the economy of knowledge is settling down, too much of a higher education does not exist. It is not an accident that the countries that declared, among others, the national priority to build informative technology (first of all, it is the USA and Japan) strive to provide universal higher education to citizens of their countries while, at the same time, outsource low-technology production processes to the territory of other less-developed countries (including Russia and Kazakhstan), the population of which is less ready for a widespread introduction of high technologies.

But in Russia there is a tendency of closing down the higher educational institutions, liquidation of several specialties, which are considered to be nonprofiled, for instance, ceasing the preparation of economists at technical higher education institutions. Meanwhile, widely spread at technical higher education institutions, approaches in preparing human resources staff in economic specialties are the intricate bases in obtaining high qualification by future specialists in the sphere of economy and management and, primarily, the specialists who are ready to live and work in the high-technology society.

As academician U. Baimuratov rightly points out, economic theory ignores the fundamental role of spirituality and morality. The human being—the creator, the doer—is left out from the attention view of modern scientists. In its base lies the sordid axiomatic of a classical political economy, according to which the human being at any given point of time maximizes his function of usefulness, minimizes the costs, and leans toward opportunistic behavior when reaching his goals. That means that an average man whom the modern economic science is studying, is greedy, lazy, and dishonest. This primitive and nonspiritual being known by the name Homo economicus is becoming the center of attention of modern theoretical constructs. Such is the inner logic of the scientific abstraction method that is applied by economic science. It is hard to imagine that those results to which the economic science is reaching actually explain the whole diversity of economic behavior of real live human beings.

In his theoretical views, academician U. Baimuratov is far more foresighted and sagacious than inert dogmatics. His works outpace the modern level of scientific development so much that the problems themselves, which he is talking about, only just recently were given certain names and were able to be formulated, first of all within the frames of constructing the institutionalized economy, which in certain aspects had overcome the narrowness of a neoclassic doctrine, which for a long time was an economic mainstream. The author of a referred book is a harbinger of new paradigm’s victory, the outlines of which are being formed in front of our eyes by the efforts of our contemporaries and countrymen.

Let us wish Uraz Baimuratov new creative achievements, bright inspirations, and unconventional approaches in comprehending the economic reality.

Nizhegorodtsev Robert Mikhailovich

Doctor of economics, professor, chair of the laboratory of economic dynamics and innovation management of the Institute of Management Issues named after V. A. TRAPEZNIKOV, RAS of Moscow City

CHAPTER 1

THE APPROACH OF THE MODERN WORLD ORDER TO HARMONIZATION IS THE AGENDA OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. THE MOMENT OF TRUTH

1.1. The Economy and Society: The Concept of Harmony between Them

T HERE IS AN idea often heard among intellectuals that there is harmony in the universe and that it exists and it may and should be present everywhere. The universal law of harmony applies to the universe, nature, human society. It goes without saying that the economy is not an exception. The activity of individuals has a direct impact on the fact that the requirements of this objective law are successfully implemented or not at all; forms, methods, and mechanisms applied in real life depend o n it.

The search for harmony is a perpetual problem. So many questions and so few answers so far: what is harmony (is this notion universal or not)? Is it at all achievable in the social and economic arrangement? If the answer is yes, then what are its features, criteria? Is there any algorithm to achieve it?

The history of search for harmony by scientists is rich and diverse. It is easy to see at the first glance. The Harmony of Interests by Henry Charles is based on the idea of unity of all members of the society. At the same time, he insists that the public interests have a priority over the private ones. Frederic Bastiat was also in the search of economic harmony.¹ Unlike Carey, he implicitly believed that human progress is associated with the implementation of interests and freedom of an individual. In the middle of the nineteenth century, a theory of a social state created under the influence of Hegel’s philosophy was proposed by Lorenz von Stein² (1815–1890), a German political scientist and economist.

As a rule, four major processes must be combined in today’s society; and they include the development of demoethics, demography, democracy, and demoeconomy. All of them are ultimately connected with satisfaction of spiritual and material needs of individuals, countries, and societies. Each of these spheres exists to a greater or lesser degree in all countries. Ideally, all spheres of social life must be in Harmony, in so creating the best conditions for sustainable economic growth, honest business, as well as social progress as a whole. If taken separately, any sphere is well-known in economics, political science, demography, sociology, cultural studies, religious studies, and science studies, etc. Each science has its own subject of research; the integrity is broken down into parts. Little attention is paid to synthesis of the results of the abovementioned and other specific sciences. Therefore, the narrow technocratic view of the economic theory prevails. It becomes obvious now that this narrow technocratic approach, which ignores the systematic character of the global crisis of the twenty-first century, is groundless, limited, and inefficient. That is why it is no wonder that various systems discords in the development of societies remain virtually out of sight of researchers and policymakers. Attention is paid only to surface phenomena, and their deep meaning remains undisclosed. Thus, it becomes apparent that the mortgage crisis, from which the alleged financial crisis began in the United States and which provoked turmoil in the world, is just the tip of the iceberg; but the underlying cause can be found in depths of the society and, namely, in the outlook and behavior of individuals. Different levels of economic crises (housekeeping, corporate, sector based and national, regional and global) represent consequences of the underlying cause. The author adheres to this nonlinear approach enhanced and sophisticated in other words.

The notion «Harmony» with a capital H has a fundamental meaning in studying of the social harmony. Harmony with a capital H is universal; it should act everywhere, regardless of national boundaries and features. It is certainly based on recognition of the only one Creator of the world, Auctor Rerum Creatorum.

Therefore, the author considers the Harmony of the society, its economy, and other spheres of life (politics, ideology, culture, art, family, social networks, etc.) as the global paradigm.

In reality, we can meet very different specific harmonies, which represent integral parts of the Harmony in the spiritual society, and only temporary quasi-harmonies in the atheistic society. Despite a long history of world religions, unfortunately, the social Harmony has not been investigated by scientists in a spiritual sense, and it remains unexplored by law.

The division of social life into four areas, in particular, into sphere classes is offered and described in details in the ABC Book of Harmony³. In contrast to this concept of «the resource approach» of these researchers, this book also studies the four areas but in the context of «consumer’s approach». It is necessary and sufficient to study the four D spheres in a complex social organism; they are demoethics, demography, democracy, and demoeconomy. Handling these spheres has a practical relevance and applicability. Each of these spheres is well-known in the science and practice. But these four Ds are studied in this book as a single system with direct and inverse links. The emphasis is on the occurrence of synergy in the harmonious development of the society when the four spheres are closely interacting with one another to strengthen the social evolution of the Harmony certainly based on true spirituality. The sphere of spirituality includes primarily personal faith of a human in one Creator, life on earth as per the rules of the Almighty. Apart from religion, the spiritual sphere, as it is often found in scientific literature, covers the elements and education, as well as science, culture, art, language, mentality, etc.

Let us try to continue the methodological search of harmony in the social system. While defining the notion of its structure in more details, it should be emphasized that the four essential most significant spheres of the social system (among those that are «visible») and that are established taking into account human cognition, include the following:

- democratic development (human rights, people, and power; pluralistic form of its organization and management; political communications; civic institutions);

- demographic development (reproduction of the population and its laws, territorial settlement and composition of the population, workforce planning, migration);

- demoeconomic development (socioeconomic: production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services)

- demoethical development (religion, education, science, mentality, culture, language, and other cultural values at its heart, and it is wrong to consider spirituality without taking into account its core: religion).

As you can see, the Latin word demo is used not only to give all four spheres a uniform sound but also emphasize their consideration at the level of the whole nation, society. The sequence in enumeration of these spheres reflects the current common practice of organization of the society: politics, as a dominant, economics and economic relations, lack of science-based and effective demographic policy (due to ignorance of laws and regularities of this sphere of human life), and, finally, the spiritual sphere considered and evaluated, as a rule, as the «leftover» principle (and often completely ignored).

Meanwhile, this demoethical spiritual sphere is the core of harmonization of the social system. Paradigm, the philosophy of development of this system, is the inner Harmony intrinsic to it, defined as the essential link, proportionality, the unity of parts of the whole, always based on spirituality and morality, which is denoted by the author with a capital letter unlike various specific harmonies.

The Harmony implies full compliance of human behavior and the society with the demands of the Creator, as the creator of the universe. This correspondence defines the relationship between the material and the spiritual in the society. Harmony in this context means unconditional exaltation of spiritual values over material ones. Their simple equivalence and especially the priority of the material to the spiritual does not represent the Harmony and represents rough disharmony.

At the same time, spiritual values represent the main measure and purpose of self-improvement of a human. Their development means the removal of the main obstacles on the way to evolution of human consciousness, to move away from excessive attachment to material goods.

The nature of human society and an individual does not tolerate prolonged disharmony. The system degenerates in this state, moves toward self-destruction. As it follows from the history, the most common reason for disappearance of entire ethnic groups and people in the past lies here, and it is based on the lack of spirituality and immorality settled in communities.

The Harmony is a spiritual, cultural setting⁴, which focuses on the understanding of the universe (as a whole and its fragments), as well as socioeconomic and human systems in terms of their internal communication, consistency, appropriateness and proportionality. This is the essence of the Harmony of the entire social system.

The unity of man and nature suggests the deep communion of the essence of the harmony. The wholeness of the notion «Harmony» tunes us up to the tolerance (tolerance and openness) to differences as given by the world community.

Schematic representation of the social system allows assuming that it is directed toward harmonization as well as its components; and therefore, we can talk both about general (basic) harmony and specific harmonies, which can include both visible and invisible components, subsystems. Here is an example of disharmony: the economy demonstrates irrational (in comparison with universal) requirements (all-absorbing profit orientation, unscrupulousness, etc.).

Social Harmony is an essential link, proportionality, matching of spheres of the society as a whole, consisting of a moderate exaltation of reasonable spiritual values over material needs of individuals and societies as a whole, certainly occurring on a truly spiritual basis. It can be formed between the human community (it needs) and the economy as a whole acting both as a subsystem (sphere) and a whole system.

The term social Harmony has a wide range of components, which have substantial, consistent, and continuous links among one another (both direct and reverse). These qualities give it the status of a fundamental theoretical category. In terms of its immensity, the category of social harmony can be classified as systemwide.

The new paradigm of development of the society means harmony between its demoethical, demographic, democratic, and demoeconomical development of countries. Its formula is «D + 3D», i.e., the same development of the other three spheres is necessary for the harmonious development of any sphere. All these four spheres of social life function simultaneously; they are interrelated and plethoric. Delay or absence of any of them makes the social evolution to Harmony in