Revolution from the Leading Group: A Study on the Reform of Kuomintang (1950-1952): 由上而下的革命:中國國民黨改造之研究(1950-1952)
By Sheau-Huey Chen and 陳曉慧
()
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本研究主要探討1950至1952年間中國國民黨(簡稱國民黨)改造。1940年代末期,國民黨內部針對黨內的派系紛爭、黨的組織運作與黨員紀律等問題發動「革新運動」,但宣告失敗。直至退守台灣,1950年韓戰爆發後,中共軍事威脅相對降低,蔣介石遂下定決心清除既有黨務勢力,完成黨內權力交替,開始為期二年的改造。
根據本研究結論,國民黨改造不只是一個整黨運動,也是社會運動和革命運動。這兩年的改造運動重建了黨內組織以及「革命」精神,重視並領導學生、婦女、工農各級民意機構,成立黨團以利管理,更重申了國民黨「革命民主政黨」屬性,加強反共復國的核心價值與信念,合理化一元領導的目標。雖然改造偏重於政策面而非技術面,但隨著國民黨執政的發展觀察,改造所提出的策略有具體的落實在國家社會當中。本研究為筆
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Revolution from the Leading Group - Sheau-Huey Chen
由上而下的革命:
中國國民黨改造之研究
(1950-1952)
陳曉慧 著
由上而下的革命:中國國民黨改造之研究(1950-1952)
摘要
從西方的政黨發展史來來看,一個政黨自有它興起、分裂裂、 改組、合併、失勢、重整、轉型或消滅的歷歷程。然而,當一個 政黨組織危機發生之際,如何能夠化解其危機,並進而設法浴 火重生,能夠在失敗中再起,這就要看其面對衝擊時的改造與 實踐了了。吾人從中國國民黨一百多年年來來的歷歷史觀察,從同盟會 以來來前後有多次的黨內改造,但被認為最為有效的兩兩次,一次 為民國十三年年的中國國民黨改組,另一次則是民國三十九年年從 大陸陸遷台時期的「改造」。近五十年年來來,台灣的政治發展受到 民國三十九年年至民國四十一年年(1950-1952)該次中國國民黨 改造的影響甚鉅,故本人以此一國民黨的改造為題,探討改造 之過程與影響。
自民國三十九年年八月中央改造委員會成立立,取代了了第六六 屆中央執行行委員會與中央監察委員會的職權始,至四十一年年十 月召開第七次全國代表大會,選出第七屆中央委員會止,這為 時兩兩年年又兩兩個月的改造時期的措施與制度度,是本文研究的範圍。 隨著相關史料料的陸陸續開放,本文得以利利用這些史料料,從改造的 影響,說說說明國民黨如何在台灣得以立立足並繼續發展。原先,國 民黨改造的目的之一是為了了與中共的組織和共產思想對抗,最 後卻造成國民黨以黨領領政、以黨領領軍、以黨控制社會的結果。 由中央改造委員會的各項作為可知,此次改造是由上而下主導, 並且深入國家社會各階層的。
本論論文分為五大部份討論論:第一部份為改造的背景,分 析國民黨為何要改造,以及改造的客觀環境因素。第二部份為 改造的推行行,敘述改造實施的過程及重點。第三部份為黨務的 重組,說說說明黨務重組的方法及成果。第四部份為黨的革命領領導, 論論述國民黨改造在政、軍、情等方面的貫徹情況並分析其成果。 第五部份為黨走入群眾,除敘述國民黨對社會掌控的重視外, 並分析黨的社會功能。在論論文的最後,筆者賦予國民黨改造運 動的歷歷史意義,即造就了了一個團結有目標的黨,且為其未來來在 台灣的生存發展奠定穩固之基礎。
Revolution from the Leading Group: A Study on the Reform of Kuomintang (1950-1952)
Abstract
From the viewpoint of the western party evolution, the life cycle of a party contains a process of foundation, separation, reformation, combination, loss, rearrangement, transformation or annihilation. Whether a party can survive a fatal crisis and restart again or not, that depends on the reform mechanism of the party. There were many reforms in the history of the Kuomintang (KMT). However, only two of them are efficient and vital. One is the reorganization in 1924, and the other is the reform between 1950 and 1952. We focus our study on the latter because this reform is absolutely vital to the development of Taiwan's politics in the past fifty years.
In August 1950, the central reform committee, which took place of the 6th central execution committee and central control committee of the KMT, was formally founded. In October 1952, the KMT 7th party congress was held for demonstrating the fruit of the reform. This thesis covers the period from 1950 to 1952, the key period of the KMT reform. All the policies and strategies dedicated to the reform are studied and analyzed in this thesis. Due to the gradual release of related materials, we can understand the effect of the reform is vital to the KMT. Originally, the purpose of KMT reform was to fight against Chinese Communist. Ultimately, it resulted in a government and troops all controlled by the KMT. The whole society was also controlled by the KMT. By analyzing works of the central reform committee, we realize that the KMT reform was directed by the leading group of the KMT. Meanwhile, the reform affected the whole nation and society deeply.
The content of this thesis is divided into five parts. The background of the KMT reform is discussed in the first part. The procedure and approach of the KMT reform are analyzed in the second part. In the third part, the party reorganization is presented. Then, the effect