Henry IV: 'You don’t appreciate the fact that madmen are very lucky''

By Luigi Pirandello

Luigi Pirandello was born on 28th June 1867 into an upper-class family in a small village in Sicily.

In 1880, the family moved to Palermo and there he completed high school. He then registered at the University of Palermo, at that time the centre of what became the Fasci Siciliani movement. Although not an active member Pirandello had close friendships with many of its leading ideologists. Pirandello then completed his university studies in Rome and Bonn, receiving his Doctorate in March, 1891.

His time in Rome had provided him with the opportunity to visit its many theatres. "Oh the dramatic theatre! I will conquer it. I cannot enter into one without experiencing a strange sensation, an excitement of the blood through all my veins..."

1894 brought marriage, at his father's suggestion, to a shy, withdrawn girl: Mara Antonietta Portulano.The marriage encouraged his studies and writings and produced three children. In 1895, the first part of the ‘Dialoghi tra Il Gran Me e Il Piccolo Me’ was published.

In 1903 the flooding of the sulphur mines in which his father had invested the family capital and Antonietta's dowry, brought financial catastrophe. Antonietta on hearing the news had her mental balance profoundly and irremediably shaken. While watching over his mentally ill wife at night (after the day spent at work) he wrote ‘Il Fu Mattia Pascal’ (The Late Mattia Pascal). It was an immediate and resounding success.

In 1909, Pirandello began his collaboration with the prestigious Corriere della Sera. Whilst his fame as a writer was increasing his private life was poisoned by the suspicion and jealousy of Antonietta who now turned physically violent.

By 1917 his theatrical works were beginning to take centre stage: ‘Così è (se vi pare)’ (Right you are (if you think so)) and ‘Il Piacere dell'onestà’ (The Pleasure Of Honesty).

In 1919 Pirandello had Antonietta placed in an asylum. She never left the asylum.

In 1921, in Rome his play, ‘Sei personaggi in cerca d'autore’, (Six Characters in Search of an Author) was staged. It was a failure. However, when presented in Milan it was a great success. Pirandello's international reputation was set when it was performed in London and New York.

In 1925, Pirandello, with Mussolini’s help, assumed the artistic direction and ownership of the Teatro d'Arte di Roma. He now described himself both as ‘a Fascist because I am Italian’ and ‘I'm apolitical, I'm only a man in the world...’ He later had several conflicts with fascist leaders and would fall under close surveillance by the secret fascist police OVRA.

In 1934 he won the Nobel Prize but asked that medal be melted down for Italy’s occupation of Abyssinia Campaign to which he had given his support.

Pirandello's canon stretches across novels, hundreds of short stories, poetry volumes, essays and some 40 plays. His tragic farces are often cited as forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd.

Luigi Pirandello died on 10th December 1936 at his home at Via Bosio, Rome, Italy.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Stage Door
• Release date: Feb 21, 2020
• ISBN: 9781839673146

Luigi Pirandello

Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936) was an Italian playwright, novelist, and poet. Born to a wealthy Sicilian family in the village of Cobh, Pirandello was raised in a household dedicated to the Garibaldian cause of Risorgimento. Educated at home as a child, he wrote his first tragedy at twelve before entering high school in Palermo, where he excelled in his studies and read the poets of nineteenth century Italy. After a tumultuous period at the University of Rome, Pirandello transferred to Bonn, where he immersed himself in the works of the German romantics. He began publishing his poems, plays, novels, and stories in earnest, appearing in some of Italy’s leading literary magazines and having his works staged in Rome. Six Characters in Search of an Author (1921), an experimental absurdist drama, was viciously opposed by an outraged audience on its opening night, but has since been recognized as an essential text of Italian modernist literature. During this time, Pirandello was struggling to care for his wife Antonietta, whose deteriorating mental health forced him to place her in an asylum by 1919. In 1924, Pirandello joined the National Fascist Party, and was soon aided by Mussolini in becoming the owner and director of the Teatro d’Arte di Roma. Although his identity as a Fascist was always tenuous, he never outright abandoned the party. Despite this, he maintained the admiration of readers and critics worldwide, and was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize for Literature.

Book preview

Henry IV by Luigi Pirandello

[Enrico Quarto]

A TRAGEDY IN THREE ACTS

Translated by Edward Storer

Luigi Pirandello was born on 28th June 1867 into an upper-class family in a small village in Sicily.

In 1880, the family moved to Palermo and there he completed high school. He then registered at the University of Palermo, at that time the centre of what became the Fasci Siciliani movement. Although not an active member Pirandello had close friendships with many of its leading ideologists.  Pirandello then completed his university studies in Rome and Bonn, receiving his Doctorate in March, 1891.

His time in Rome had provided him with the opportunity to visit its many theatres. Oh the dramatic theatre! I will conquer it. I cannot enter into one without experiencing a strange sensation, an excitement of the blood through all my veins...

1894 brought marriage, at his father's suggestion, to a shy, withdrawn girl: Mara Antonietta Portulano.

The marriage encouraged his studies and writings and produced three children. In 1895, the first part of the ‘Dialoghi tra Il Gran Me e Il Piccolo Me’ was published.

In 1903 the flooding of the sulphur mines in which his father had invested the family capital and Antonietta's dowry, brought financial catastrophe. Antonietta on hearing the news had her mental balance profoundly and irremediably shaken. While watching over his mentally ill wife at night (after the day spent at work) he wrote ‘Il Fu Mattia Pascal’ (The Late Mattia Pascal). It was an immediate and resounding success.

In 1909, Pirandello began his collaboration with the prestigious Corriere della Sera. Whilst his fame as a writer was increasing his private life was poisoned by the suspicion and jealousy of Antonietta who now turned physically violent.

By 1917 his theatrical works were beginning to take centre stage: ‘Così è (se vi pare)’ (Right you are (if you think so)) and ‘Il Piacere dell'onestà’ (The Pleasure Of Honesty).

In 1919 Pirandello had Antonietta placed in an asylum. She never left the asylum.

In 1921, in Rome his play, ‘Sei personaggi in cerca d'autore’, (Six Characters in Search of an Author) was staged. It was a failure. However, when presented in Milan it was a great success. Pirandello's international reputation was set when it was performed in London and New York.

In 1925, Pirandello, with Mussolini’s help, assumed the artistic direction and ownership of the Teatro d'Arte di Roma. He now described himself both as ‘a Fascist because I am Italian’ and ‘I'm apolitical, I'm only a man in the world...’ He later had several conflicts with fascist leaders and would fall under close surveillance by the secret fascist police OVRA.

In 1934 he won the Nobel Prize but asked that medal be melted down for Italy’s occupation of Abyssinia Campaign to which he had given his support.

Pirandello's canon stretches across novels, hundreds of short stories, poetry volumes, essays and some 40 plays. His tragic farces are often cited as forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd.

Luigi Pirandello died on 10th December 1936 at his home at Via Bosio, Rome, Italy.

Index of Contents

CHARACTERS

TIME & SCENE:  A SOLITARY VILLA IN ITALY IN OUR OWN TIME

HENRY IV - A TRAGEDY IN THREE ACTS

ACT I

ACT II

ACT III

LUIGI PIRANDELLO – A SHORT BIOGRAPHY

LUIGI PIRANDELLO – A CONCISE BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHARACTERS

HENRY IV

THE MARCHIONESS MATILDA SPINA

HER DAUGHTER FRIDA

THE YOUNG MARQUIS CHARLES DI NOLLI 

BARON TITO BELCREDI 

DOCTOR DIONYSIUS GENONI

THE FOUR PRIVATE COUNSELLORS: [The names in brackets are nick-names]

HAROLD [FRANK]

LANDOLPH [LOLO]

ORDULPH [MOMO]

BERTHOLD [FINO]

JOHN

THE OLD WAITER

THE TWO VALETS IN COSTUME

TIME & SCENE:  A SOLITARY VILLA IN ITALY IN OUR OWN TIME.

HENRY IV

A TRAGEDY IN THREE ACTS

ACT I

Salon in the villa, furnished and decorated so as to look exactly like the throne room of Henry IV. in the royal residence at Goslar. Among the antique decorations there are two modern life-size portraits in oil painting. They are placed against the back wall and mounted in a wooden stand that runs the whole length of the wall. [It is wide and protrudes, so that it is like a large bench]. One of the paintings is on the right; the other on the left of the throne, which is in the middle of the wall and divides the stand.

The Imperial chair and Baldachin.

The two portraits represent a lady and a gentleman, both young, dressed up in carnival costumes: one as Henry IV. the other as the Marchioness Matilda of Tuscany. Exits to Right and Left.

[When the curtain goes up, the TWO VALETS jump down, as if surprised, from the stand on which they have been lying, and go and take their positions, as rigid as statues, on either side below the throne with their halberds in their hands. Soon after, from the second exit, right, enter HAROLD, LANDOLPH, ORDULPH and BERTHOLD, young men employed by the Marquis Charles Di Nolli to play the part of Secret Counsellors at the court of Henry IV. They are, therefore, dressed like German knights of the XIth century. BERTHOLD, nicknamed Fino, is just entering on his duties for the first time. His companions are telling him what he has to do and amusing themselves at his expense. The scene is to be played rapidly and vivaciously.

LANDOLPH [To BERTHOLD as if explaining]

And this is the throne room.

HAROLD

At Goslar.

ORDULPH

Or at the castle in the Hartz, if you prefer.

HAROLD

Or at Wurms.

LANDOLPH

According as to what's doing, it jumps about with us, now here, now there.

ORDULPH

In Saxony.

HAROLD

In Lombardy.

LANDOLPH

On the Rhine.

ONE OF THE VALETS [Without moving, just opening his lips]

I say....

HAROLD [Turning round]

What is it?

FIRST VALET [Like a statue]

Is he coming in or not?

[He alludes to HENRY IV]

ORDULPH

No, no, he's asleep. You needn't worry.

SECOND VALET [Releasing his pose, taking a long breath and going to lie down again on the stand]

You might have told us at once.

FIRST VALET [Going over to HAROLD]

Have you got a match, please?

LANDOLPH

What? You can't smoke a pipe here, you know.

FIRST VALET [While HAROLD offers him a light]

No; a cigarette.

[Lights his cigarette and lies down again on the stand.

BERTHOLD [Who has been looking on in amazement, walking round the room, regarding the costumes of the OTHERS]

I say ... this room ... these costumes.... Which Henry IV. is it? I don't quite get it. Is he Henry IV. of France or not?

[At this LANDOLPH, HAROLD, and ORDULPH, burst out laughing.

LANDOLPH [Still laughing; and pointing to BERTHOLD as if inviting the others to make fun of him]

Henry of France he says: ha! ha!

ORDULPH

He thought it was the king of France!

HAROLD

Henry IV. of Germany, my boy: the Salian dynasty!

ORDULPH

The great and tragic Emperor!

LANDOLPH

He of Canossa. Every day we carry on here the terrible war between Church and State, by Jove.