Ebook684 pages12 hours
The Charterhouse of Parma
By Stendhal
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5
()
About this ebook
Written in just fifty-two days in 1839, “The Charterhouse of Parma” has since become known as one of Stendhal’s finest works. Evidence of haste is infrequently apparent in this remarkable story, which follows the eventful life of the young Italian nobleman Fabrizio del Dongo. From his childhood in the family castle by Lake Como to the battlefields of Waterloo, Fabrizio proves himself charmingly headstrong and painfully naïve. Upon returning injured to Italy, the young man begins to recover and pursue ill-fated amorous exploits while his well-intentioned aunt Gina tries to plan a successful career for him with the help of her lover Count Mosca. When a period of confinement in prison leads Fabrizio to meet the beautiful and passionate Clélia, Stendahl’s amazing skill with psychological insight comes to the fore, testing the courage of his characters as never before. Considered by contemporary readers to be one of the greatest French novels of its time, “The Charterhouse of Parma” overflows with military feats, court intrigue, and romance that encapsulates both youthful excitement and the harsh realities that test happiness at every turn.
Read more from Stendhal
The Greatest Books of All Time Vol. 2 (Dream Classics) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMemoirs of Rossini Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsVanina Vanini Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Red and the Black Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Charterhouse of Parma Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Charterhouse of Parma Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Roman Journal Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Red and the Black (translated with an introduction by Horace B. Samuel) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMemoirs of Egotism Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Memoirs of an Egotist Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Red and the Black: Historical Novel Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Chartreuse of Parma (new classics) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsTwo Stories/Deux nouvelles: A Dual-Language Book Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Red and the Black (Centaur Classics) [The 100 greatest novels of all time - #40] Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Related to The Charterhouse of Parma
Related ebooks
Cousin Bette Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Charterhouse of Parma Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Fathers and Sons Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Red and the Black Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5War and Peace Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Brothers Karamazov Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsDemons Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Father Goriot Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Growth of the Soil Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Sentimental Education Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Possessed (The Devils) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Hero of Our Time Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Don Juan Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Possessed Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Don Quixote Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad (Illustrated) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsDelphi Collected Works of Ivan Turgenev (Illustrated) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Madame Bovary Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Cossacks Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Kierkegaard Collection Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsDeath of Ivan Ilych by Leo Tolstoy (Illustrated) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The History of the Peloponnesian War Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAnna Karenina Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Idiot Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Possessed by Fyodor Dostoyevsky Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsFaust Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Doctor Zhivago Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5In Search Of Lost Time (All 7 Volumes) (ShandonPress) Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Grand Inquisitor Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Classics For You
Animal Farm: A Fairy Story Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Flowers for Algernon Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Bell Jar: A Novel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Fellowship Of The Ring: Being the First Part of The Lord of the Rings Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5East of Eden Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Learn French! Apprends l'Anglais! THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY: In French and English Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Rebecca Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Two Towers: Being the Second Part of The Lord of the Rings Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Persuasion Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Heroes: The Greek Myths Reimagined Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Things They Carried Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Hell House: A Novel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Warrior of the Light: A Manual Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Princess Bride: S. Morgenstern's Classic Tale of True Love and High Adventure Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Canterbury Tales Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Jonathan Livingston Seagull: The New Complete Edition Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Good Man Is Hard To Find And Other Stories Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Republic by Plato Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Odyssey: (The Stephen Mitchell Translation) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5We Have Always Lived in the Castle Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Wuthering Heights (with an Introduction by Mary Augusta Ward) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Gilgamesh: A New English Version Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Old Man and the Sea: The Hemingway Library Edition Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Confederacy of Dunces Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Silmarillion Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Lathe Of Heaven Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5As I Lay Dying Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Extremely Loud And Incredibly Close: A Novel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Farewell to Arms Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Sense and Sensibility (Centaur Classics) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Reviews for The Charterhouse of Parma
Rating: 3.7685810006756757 out of 5 stars
4/5
592 ratings19 reviews
- Rating: 1 out of 5 stars1/5Got to chapter 12, and was awfully bored of Fabrice del Dongo. Maybe I will pick it up again when I'm able to stomach it.
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5My very brief review: Great in places but a bit rambling. Not as good as 'The Red and the Black' in my opinion. Disappointing.
- Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Read in Morocco, particularly along the Atlantic Coast, I found Fabrice's childish worldview refreshing, almost an antipode to Julien Sorel.
- Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5This book is about the adventures and loves of Fabrice del Dongo, the younger son of an Italian count.Swashbuckling, romance, adventure and humor made for a fun read!It was also quite an indictment of the Italian political system in the first half of the 19th Century.I enjoyed this, not only for the fun aspects, but for the historical perspective, as well.
- Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5I started The Charterhouse of Parma about fifteen years ago and didn't get through the first chapter. This time I made it through that chapter which was still tough, through the next couple of chapters were perfectly readable but relatively compelling, but when about one-sixth of the way into the book Gina del Dongo (later Countess Pietrnera, then Duchess Sanseverina for the bulk of the book) comes into her own, Count Mosca is introduced, and the focus shifts to the Principality of Parma, the book really takes off. It becomes a combination of intrigue in the court of a petty despot, romance, adventure, and love story--all strung together with ironic detachment by a narrator who does not seem to have even decided who is the main character or what type of story he is telling. As such, it reads almost like a realistic and compiled chronicle of a period in Parma.The politics are one part Machiavelli, but with the Prince occasionally restrained with the worry about how he will be depicted in the Paris newspapers. And the love triangle is borderline absurd, but it is compelling and moving nonetheless.The essence of Stendhal's attitude in writing the book is best captured by this relatively rare piece of narrative commentary:"But the reader may be somewhat weary of all these procedural details, no less than of all these court intrigues. From which one may draw this moral: that the man who comes near a court compromises his happiness, if he is happy, and in every case, makes his future depend on the intrigues of a chambermaid. On the other hand, in a republic like America you have to suffer the tedium of fawning upon the common shopkeepers all day long and becoming as stupid as they are; and over there, there’s no opera."
- Rating: 2 out of 5 stars2/5An idealistic seventeen-year-old Italian leaves Lake Como to join Napoleon in the latter's One Hundred Days, fights at Waterloo, returns home where his aunt's ambitions promote him to take up the Roman collar... The rest reads like a soap opera. The one redeeming virtue of this novel is the depiction of battle.
- Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5One of the best books I've read. Politics, action, humanism vs.conservatism, passion vs. lack of passion, lovers, rivals, extreme wealth and the values of aristocracy, all the characters with both good and bad actions and ways of thinking. Set in the autocratic monarchy of Parma in Italy between 1815 and 1830.
A fascinating exploration of what motivates people and how they act. The plot is held together by the stories of a brilliant, activist Duchess and her impetuous nephew, but includes many main characters. The author doesn't lead us to sympathize with any of them or choose one to root for--all pay the psychological price for their choices.
Early in the book, the plot turns to a long episode where the Fabrizio, the nephew, goes to France, hoping to fight for his hero, Napolean, who had earlier brought a short period of liberation from the autocracy, the Church, and Austrian influence. On his way, Fabrizio stumbles upon the battle at Waterloo. Stendhal's description of the confusion felt by an individual soldier during a battle is at least as good as Tolstoy's description of the Battle of Borodino in "War and Peace".
Amazing writing. - Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5If you saw "Chartreuse de Parme" on a restaurant menu, you would probably wonder whether it was a liqueur, a cheese, or a dish with ham in it. As a novel, it seems almost as tricky to pin down. Like all great French 19th century novels it's about a young man on the make and the older woman who is hopelessly in love with him; it's also a picaresque 18th century story in which the plot is driven by incidents every bit as random as those in Tom Jones or Candide; it's a satirical description of Italian politics in a period when the country was run by wealthy men with huge egos and a complete contempt for proper legal process (no, not Berlusconi - this is the post-Waterloo era); and here and there it gives a stark, clear-sighted view of the cruelty and absurdity of the world that looks more like post-1918 than post-1815. It's hard to believe that Stendhal's description of Waterloo could have been written a century before Brecht's Mother Courage. I think it is very much a writer's novel. There is some great material here, some passages (like the Waterloo chapters or the confrontation between Gina and the Prince) you will want to go back to over and over again, but there's also a lot of mess. You can see that it was a book written in a hurry: just like some of Scott's novels, there are passages where the pacing gets completely out of control, there are obvious afterthoughts, important characters who appear for the first time in the last twenty or thirty pages, and a scattering of minor inconsistencies and anachronisms in the text. There is a tremendously French cynicism in Stendhal's world-view: the sympathetic characters are all amoral schemers of one sort or another, distinguished from the unsympathetic characters mainly in being less principled and more intelligent. No-one in this novel feels guilty for a moment about adultery or murder, and even less so about betraying family members, political principles, or the government they are members of. Even the innocent young romantic heroine is able to reconcile an adulterous relationship with her conscience by reasoning that she has merely promised not to see her lover (they only meet in the dark, so that's all right...).A decade before 1848, Stendhal has no hesitation in telling us that absolutism and petty princes have had their day, but he doesn't hold out much hope for what will replace them. American republicanism is too dull for his taste, and the Italian liberals who appear in the story are either hypocrites or fools.
- Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Hoofdfiguur: Fabrice, de hertogin of de liefde? Telkens wisselend. FABRICE DEL DONGO: merkwaardige ontwikkeling van onstuimige jongeling tot getormenteerde aartsbisschop, voortdurend en bijna uitsluitend bezig met de liefde (in het eerste boek rond de vraag of hij wel tot echte liefde in staat is, in het tweede zijn noodlot achternalopend, willoos). HERTOGIN PIETRANERA-SANSEVERINA-MOSCA: misschien wel de echte spilfiguur, 'grande dame' met indrukwekkende talenten, dubbelzinnig tegenover Fabrice (behoeder als tante, en verliefd als vrouw), bijzondere relatie met graaf Mosca.* Verhaallijn maakt soms rare sprongen en geeft inconsistente indruk, vooral op het eind. Soms haastig geschreven en zonder duidelijk objectief.* Interessante indirecte informatie over het hofleven in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw (de intriges, het anachronistische, de jacobijnse dreiging), over het clericaal leven (met zijn nietvermoede hypocrisie), en over Noord-Italie, in het bijzonder het Comomeer en Parma.* Duidelijk het mindere werk in vergelijking met Le Rouge et le Noir, maar toch nog altijd literair meesterschap: onmiddellijk in het verhaal vallend, breed panorama, psychologische aandacht, zin voor realisme.
- Rating: 2 out of 5 stars2/5I found Stendhal's "The Charterhouse of Parma" to be quite a brutal read. It was long and winding and not terribly interesting to me. I liked Stendhal's "The Red and the Black a lot better than this one, (but that's not saying much, because I didn't particularly like that book either.) The book tells the story of Fabrizio del Dongo, an Italian who gets into hot water after going to fight for Napoleon. He becomes a priest, falls in love with an unavailable girl. The book mostly felt weighted down by court politics.
- Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5After a long hiatus, involving a 3600-mile road trip wrapped around a week grading the AP English Literature exams, which left me little time for reading, I am back.Stendahl’s The Red and the Black has long been one of my favorite 19th century novels. How I had not read The Charterhouse of Parma in all these years remains a mystery with no further need of resolving. This novel is another masterpiece by Marie Henri Beyle who wrote under the pen name of Stendahl. This novel bears some resemblance of plot to The R & B. The main character, Fabrizio first tries the military (red), but later settles on the clergy (black), although the results in both cases are dramatically different.At first, I felt some confusion over titles. Some were in French, some in Italian, and some in English. Only once did Stendahl explain names and relationships, and then refer only to these characters by their titles. About half way through, I began to become accustomed to this habit, and I sailed through the rest of this 500+ page story.The notes in the preface tell us that Stendahl wrote this novel in an amazing 53 days. He kept a journal of his progress, noting each day how many pages he had written. The story has a certain level of complication, but no careful reader will fall of the sled more than a time or two.Another thing that puzzled me involved money. Francs, livrés, écus, and sequins were flying all over the place – sometimes in the same sentence – and I could not grasp the relative values of these denominations. A trip to my faithful friend an companion, the dictionary, did not help, since it only offered dates, precious metals, and countries that had issued these coins.Nevertheless, the 19th century represents my old comfortable chair that I return to again and again. It gets more comfortable with each visit. The ending came as a pretty nice surprise, even though Stendahl did tie up all the loose ends in about 16 pages. 4-1/2 stars.--Jim, 6/20/09
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5"The Red and The Black" is a better novel, I feel, with more depth of character than this one ever achieved. Yet TR&TB was marred by its incredibly rushed ending. CoP is much more consistent, and Stendhal writes with a liveliness and lightness which contrasts to most other authors of this era. At least both books feature Stendhal's wonderful sarcastic wit (something that was surely ahead of its time?). The story ebbs and flows. The beginning, with Fabrizio running off to fight at Waterloo, is excellent; but then there are passages where the story grinds to a halt, such as during Fabrizio's imprisonment.As a whole, a decent novel and an enjoyable one, but I can't help shake the feeling that it's a bit lightweight.
- Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5This is the sort of story to get lost in for hours, it certainly provided me with a few long afternoons of pleasant reading. There is plenty in the plot to interest most people: romance, intrigue, battle, politics, and various other things, though there is a chance that a reader would find one or more of these things boring, and hence enjoy the book less for its presence. I didn't find this book boring though, and was thoroughly entertained by it. I haven't read any Stendhal before, but I believe his "The Red and The Black" is generally thought the better novel, and I will be adding that to the end of my long list of books to read in the future. Though the author was French, the story takes place mainly in Italy, with most of the characters being Italian. The French connection does exist with Napoleon and the Battle of Waterloo featuring to some degree, though apart from that this is an Italian a novel as any other I have read. The one major flaw this book has in my view is its ending, not only does it come on very quickly, but it also is sad and does not really resolve things satisfactorily. If it wasn't for this I would give it four and a half stars, as it is it is going to have to receive only four. This translation was by C. K. Scott Moncrieff.
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5I spent four months reading this rather long work (637 pages in my translated edition), mostly because I found it very hard to digest and needed to read other books in between for a balanced diet. The Charterhouse of Parma tells the story of a young Italian nobleman, Fabrice del Dongo, and his aunt Gina, duchess of Sanseverina.The book could be classified under different genres: love story, Bildungsroman, political satire, adventure. What keeps the story going is mainly the utter naivity of Fabrice. In the first pages he tries to join Napoleons army but almost fails to participate in the fatal battle of Waterloo. After that his main concern is finding out if, in the eyes of the world, he did participate. The book is filled with plotting and scheming characters, but although Fabrice also learns how to have his way he remains utterly simple. In a certain way, Fabrice is a brother of Hašeks good soldier Svejk.Another remarkable aspect of the book is the style. Stendhal didn't write the book himself, he dictated it to assistants while he was making up the story, giving a sometimes confused but often very lively presentation, comparable to Laurence Sterne and, again, Jaroslav Hašek. There seems to have been very little editing: occasionally there are repetitions, as if Stendhal is trying to remember where the story stood, there are a lot of loose ends, and in the last few chapters digressions are cut off (ostensively so as not to bore the reader) with even a complete three year gap followed by an extremely, almost undecently fast ending.Even though I finished it, I didn't really like The Charterhouse of Parma. The wandering style, so brilliantly used by Sterne, loses its charm after a few hundred pages. The characters, though sometimes brilliantly painted with a single stroke, remain one-dimensional and their emotions all too theatrical for a modern reader -- a problem I also had with Stendhals other classic, The Red and the Black. Still, from time to time there are small literary gems that almost make it worth the effort. Almost.
- Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A very interesting realistic novel. However, it can become a bit difficult to follow since the author has the tendency to refer to characters by title rather than name, and some names change several times (example: Gina del Dongo, Gina Pietranera, Gina Sanseverina, Gina Mosca).
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5A fun and enjoyable read. Burned through this quite easily. Swordfights, duels, prisoner escapes. Not quite as masterly as The Red and the Black but still fun. Straddles the line somewhere between Romanticism and Realism, with its character depictions as well as the imagery.
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Good in places, drags in others. The first half of the book is better than the last half. Still worth reading.
- Rating: 2 out of 5 stars2/5“The Charterhouse of Parma” is not worth the effort it takes to read it. There aren’t many passages of great interest and the plot and style of the book frequently wanders. It needs editing. The only thing going for it occurs early; the description of some of the horrors of war is graphic and probably ahead of its time in realism. Quotes:On America:“From all such matters, the moral can be drawn that the man who approaches a Court compromises his happiness, if he is happy, and in any case risks making his future depend on the intrigues of some chambermaid.On the other hand, in America, in the Republic, one must waste a whole day in paying serious court to the shopkeepers in the streets, and must become as stupid as they are; and over there, no opera.”On democracy:“The love of liberty, the fashion and the cult of the happiness of the greatest number, by which the nineteenth century was so taken, was in the Prince’s eyes merely another heresy which would pass like the rest, but after having slain many souls, just as the plague while it reigns in any one region slays many bodies.”On love:“Among all the relationships chance has bestowed upon me at Novara or in Naples, have I ever met a woman whose presence, even in the first days, I preferred to a ride on a fine new horse? Is what the call love,” he added, “only one more lie? Doubtless I love the way I have a good appetite at six o’clock! And could it be this rather vulgar propensity which our liars have made into Othello’s jealousy and Tancred’s passion? Or must I assume I am constituted differently from other men?”On the present day (which always seems to be at its worst regardless of when something was written):“Unfortunately, a gentleman can become neither a physician nor a lawyer, and the age belongs to lawyers.”On the transience of life, and enjoying life:“The imagination is stirred by the distant sound of the bell in some little hamlet hidden under the trees: such sounds, borne over the waves that sweeten them, assume a tinge of gentle melancholy and resignation, they seem to be telling man: life is fleeting, do not be so hard on the happiness which offers itself to you, make haste to enjoy it!”
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5This book written in the 19th century captures the intrigues and politics of the court and life of the aristocracy. The main character is a young man who is rather impulsive, running off to fight with Nepoleon without considering the decision, falling in love with every pretty girl he sees. The Duchess is his protector and also loves him though never consummates that love but also jealous of his various love affairs. This book, written by a French author about Italians. A little too long. The middle part could have been shortened as it seemed way to repetitive. It is considered a work of realism. It is a romance.
Book preview
The Charterhouse of Parma - Stendhal
#Oa book_preview_excerpt.html ˒ױ%+AH:H+ Q2. :Ý;3d<*ZY\}'=مK|, <ʌرXگ6m/<rW?*>zQS|˧WϾr}elzp*^~WOz}iE-^ vcl}G/W~~}?/}t}5ƪkMw8n?߯g|eMr5ŋi]WþjwWu]7C!,u/4n&u}WNXӈ?M5E=ۮo?hWM=6?VvMח/b7jϚl}Wݎcmȱ8]u18ľ+E`]M<(-亯iFMrJo}qw*M`_jmڌ7TvA,kUc^uv^2k˟z=-5l6}/m
߽}w_6]j+.VWkmpַU]W)ǪMhUk>wخO1Ob[A_;\#rx,϶[V3ׯ]Gx_{?ߝg{_7{7ޛ4Xa(9@#7q%}},})pGUɭb0E5Mvi kJ&VPYmgLąͦZ>fT^qk;ٷ"ۤYqv2}qtD`hB%qAz%W3s戆Za2O ˶,8X2T6f/Uօ}ؘeolYma>kYX}1m;o.V|yiu Bb*o|onK>5k0Nřn9Noz{PwGgfFn$M-S0Z]:`U{!g3'tH_lS0e2df`'`)
Z{
?ۖll_bdJ5>ՠ>At_
Qu70ɱ{;Cʄ-&n^ʰFøkneiNݯU}vk2mn~4O>^<ѥY]^5+8F,%&ᆯQART7ݭ63Y_۳Np]۵ aUӋ$hvV0J}*0`YWl'dqS`dzmtggh[r؏s`Bb3`]XaʴpAIL3E`@ 6j#CҍnxpDd;:
0N +`/*F|>Ї)I_'[G :;_&?Vv2. ǔT?dT H}doP pƱ B0-iUYK#vۦ6l ϯlLC݆t0:(* bЌHaeqvv8XsJ{L+ ?qѝݷ 6u]|ӵϓmV{0yUMf}0f悒+foSۿ=pZ&s3̏.8eiGheJC OiwĜ2uM٦yeSTpH7DDZm2B { ii0f<5ֱiR~:6Av7 I[`~4ϖrk:r^/Qæ4Mnl5-IoPX~+{b/)>qڣ'P})6ؘU609Tf+M{o8Xؠp.vXg++n0=l[oN {XM[ni#Z펭&.M]uE&Vٽb45)`31OK7ec_iCcN7 K}%|?+Np7=n[ZhG-hQk1-_Rۮ3W3PDO=|ٿ%g7M ^Cf1Pfo C0M<{0}5 s"t+F?`$=J߾?iW3.<.97veOto~eS.[W}9M(2eSKJ ة|M،w9 |KEqc_ @? C`q_֬ƋGsߟCmqCctNb$v˹0{5aj.cJ Ӳ/10մ+{6"vVG$L67T y9!^φL"aJ$(լ# Cm9ffQ @M6Cv 6ŞQ%fkpiZr m2w@}HmIܿ8 2DlaIV|JE>6&a](ݿt5b8&,'py>bNW.ltÎmH@B#YڡB&o5SBd% %