SQL
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About this ebook
How to start creating and using SQL databases, even if you have no prior programming experience.
Are you looking for a more streamlined way to manage information?
Do you have large volumes of data that need to be accessed through a sophisticated communication system?
Could your company benefit from the advantages SQL offers?
SQL, or Structured Query Language, has been around since the 80s. It has proven to be effective and efficient, making it the ideal solution for your database demands. The best part?
You can learn how to program using SQL in just nine chapters.
SQL introduces you to the basics of programming using comprehensive examples and step by step practice problems that set you up for success.
In addition, you'll discover:
- How to create your very first database
- Clauses to help you retrieve data
- Data manipulation functions
- The basics of queries and subqueries
- Transaction processing management
- Step by step instructions and walkthroughs to help you start programming right away
And so much more!
You don't have to be intimidated by the complexities of database management. With SQL, all your data problems can be solved.
Click "add to cart" to learn how to take advantage of the powers of SQL and learn to wield them yourself.
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Book preview
SQL - Brandon Cooper
SQL
The Ultimate Beginner’s Step-by-Step
Guide to Learn SQL Programming with
Hands-On Projects
Brandon Cooper
© Copyright 2019 - All rights reserved.
The content contained within this book may not be reproduced, duplicated or transmitted without direct written permission from the author or the publisher.
Under no circumstances will any blame or legal responsibility be held against the publisher, or author, for any damages, reparation, or monetary loss due to the information contained within this book, either directly or indirectly.
Legal Notice:
This book is copyright protected. It is only for personal use. You cannot amend, distribute, sell, use, quote or paraphrase any part, or the content within this book, without the consent of the author or publisher.
Disclaimer Notice:
Please note the information contained within this document is for educational and entertainment purposes only. All effort has been executed to present accurate, up to date, reliable, complete information. No warranties of any kind are declared or implied. Readers acknowledge that the author is not engaging in the rendering of legal, financial, medical or professional advice. The content within this book has been derived from various sources. Please consult a licensed professional before attempting any techniques outlined in this book.
By reading this document, the reader agrees that under no circumstances is the author responsible for any losses, direct or indirect, that are incurred as a result of the use of information contained within this document, including, but not limited to, errors, omissions, or inaccuracies.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction
Who Is This For?
Working Through the Process
Chapter 1: Understanding SQL
Structured Query Language (SQL)
Databases
Non-Relational Database
Relational Database
Tables
Primary Keys
Foreign Keys
Summary
Chapter 2: Creating a Database and Data Entry
Creating a Database
Creating and Applying Data
Setting Up the Database
First Normal Form
Second Normal Form
Retrieve Data
The FROM Clause
The WHERE Clause
The INTO Clause
The HAVING Clause
Summarize Data
Insert Data
Update Data
The Logic Operators
Delete Data
Alter Data
Sorting Data
Single Table Query
Ascending vs Descending Order
Expressions
Numeric Placeholders
Summary
Chapter 3: Data Manipulation
SQL Arithmetic
The Absolute Function
The Power Function
The Square Root Function
String Functions
The SUBSTRING () Function
Case Conversion Functions
TRIM () Functions
LENGTH () Functions
The Date Function
Built-In Functions
Summary
Chapter 4: Subqueries
Types of Subqueries
Non-Correlated Subqueries
The IN Operator
The ALL Operator
The ANY Test
Correlated Subqueries
The EXISTS Operator
Summary
Chapter 5: Grouping, Aggregating, and Filtering Data
Understanding Grouping
Grouping Data
The GROUP BY Clause
The HAVING Clause
Grouping Restrictions
The NULL Dilemma
Aggregating Data
Filtering Data
Parentheses
The NOT Operator
The LIKE Operator
Summary
Chapter 6: Joins
Joins and Two-Table Queries
Simple Joins
Parent/Child Queries
Inner Joins
Inner Joins: Equijoins and Non-Equijoins
Complex and Multiple Table Joins
Qualified Column Names
All-Column Selections
Table Aliases
Self-Joins
Cross Joins
Outer Joins
Left Outer Joins
Right Outer Join
Union Joins
Summary
Chapter 7: Views
What Are Views?
Creating Views
Types of Views
Table Join Views
Horizontal Views
Vertical Views
Field Views
Row/Column Subset Views
Grouped Views
Joined Views
Updating Views
Checking Updates
Dropping Views
Materialized Views
Summary
Chapter 8: Managing Transaction Processing
What is a Transaction?
Transaction Models
Transaction Types
The BEGIN TRANSACTION
The COMMIT TRANSACTION
The SAVE TRANSACTION
The ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
Transaction Logs
Concurrent Transactions and Locking
Concurrent Transactions
Locking
Locking Granularity and Levels
Shared and Exclusive Locks
Deadlocks
Isolation Levels
SERIALIZABLE Isolation
REPEATABLE READ Isolation
READ COMMITTED Isolation
READ UNCOMMITTED Isolation
Summary
Chapter 9: Stored Procedures
Stored Procedure Basics
Creating a Stored Procedure
Cursors in Queries
DECLARE CURSOR
OPEN and CLOSE CURSOR
FETCH CURSOR
Cursor-Based Repetition
Summary
Conclusion
References
Description
Introduction
THE SQL DATABASE CONTAINS many ins and outs that process queries in reference to the data fed to it. If that sounds like a mouthful, there is no need to worry. This book is designed to walk you through how to set up your own database using the SQL language and to create a foundation for your company.
This book is designed with your needs in mind. Once you begin your own SQL system, you can use this book as both a step-by-step guide and a reference for further questions. The examples and sample queries and tables listed in the table are included to make your transition to the SQL system as quick and painless as possible.
SQL is unlike other programming languages, as it was initially designed to only maintain tables within the database and access them over time. However, as SQL has improved over the several decades of its existence, it has evolved to create processes and store them for future use. SQL databases today format information through placing data in tables. This data is accessed through queries, the language used to communicate with a database through a relational database management system.
Who Is This For?
IF YOU ARE NEW TO PROGRAMMING and SQL, this beginner’s guide is designed to take you through how to complete simple and complex tasks with tables and sample queries included to make practicing easier. The book is designed to take the guesswork out of creating your own database and make setting up a business even easier.
If you are reading this book to learn more about the programming world, hats off to you. This book is designed to make the transition from knowing nothing about programming to giving you an in-depth resource into its system.
If you are an advanced learner with a solid base in the SQL programming, this book contains advanced elements throughout its pages to benefit you on your continued quest for knowledge. This book will be a guide from which you can base your own knowledge and gain more. If you are interested in the information found in this book, continue learning through other advanced SQL books.
Working Through the Process
MANY COMPREHENSIVE books about any subject are difficult to continue due to their high requirement for previous knowledge and lack of examples. This book works through the process with you, and its sections are broken down to more effectively allow you places to stop and practice. Perfect practice makes perfect, and this book is designed to give you the knowledge to grow this information on your own. Follow the examples in the book and create your own database. Steps are listed to get you through the portions of this book that are difficult to understand, so you can navigate wisely.
The Ultimate Beginner’s Step-by-Step Guide to Learn SQL Programming with Hands-On Projects is designed for beginners in mind, but more advanced techniques allow any reader to understand more about the SQL system and why it is still one of the top databases for business creation.
Chapter 1: Understanding SQL
SQL IS A TYPE OF DATABASE that manipulates data in the form of tables and queries, a form of data collection whose original database design was initially invented in the 1980s. Since it’s been so long since its invention, it may be difficult to believe that it hasn’t become obsolete, but continued improvements and use has made it a go-to for many companies, and the future is bright for its continued usage.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
SQL, OR sequel as it is also pronounced, is a database language that submits queries to a database management system that receives its data from the database. Simply put, SQL, also known as a Structured Query Language, acts as a communication system to translate large amounts of computer-stored data in a readable and manipulative form to effectively manage the information in a database.
Information is stored in a database, which is read by a database management system. A database may be