New York's Cherokee Indians: The 2000 Epic Millennium The 2nd Edition

By Geurlaine L. Small

Asians were The First Human Being Inhabitants of The North American Continent and The South American Continent. The Indigenous People Ancestors crossed The Bering Sound and The Land became their most profitable Natural Resource, with The Supernatural Spiritual Forces that shaped their Belief. In that period, Three Native American Languages prevailed: Algonquian - Speakers, Iroquoian - Speakers, Siouan - Speakers. Later, Leif Eriksson, The Viking Seaman, came in The 11th - Century. By The 15th - Century, many more had come for Economic Wealth and Political Power, including The Anglo - European. Still, many more came as Prison Inmates to find Religious Liberty and to escape Religious Torture. They were mandated to promote The New World. At the start of The American Colonization, there were millions of The Indigenous People. However, many skirmishes and wars exploded and they were defeated. In the bitter aftermath, The Land Title that was worth 19 million - acre of Ancestral Homeland, was lost forever. Also, conflicts evolved over Commercial Trade and The Institution of Slavery. By 1840, Total Annihilation, along with Alcoholic Addiction, were fundamental factors that governed their extinction.   

• Language: English
• Publisher: Geurlaine L. Small
• Release date: Apr 4, 2019
• ISBN: 9781950595006

Book preview

Acknowledgement

AUTHENTICALLY, THIS book was Honorably Contributed to God’s Saving Grace and to His Ceaseless Protective Guidance and Imparting Knowledge. Though this book has undergone many changes, I beneficially thank the following individuals for their faithful encouragement and for their unconditional support: Colonel Doctor Pastor Andrew R. Harewood, with whom I have naively amassed Vital Spiritual Mentorship. Marie Joseo Bernadin of The Beraca Seventh - Day Adventist Church (French), Queens for her kindness, in times of my great hunger. I also thank Chief Jamil Red Deer Nassar of The Cherokee Blackfeet Cultural Circle.

I thank my daughter, Mrs. Carolyn A. L. James who resides in Barbados; my good friend Rosita Brown of Barbados for her Lifelong Friendship; and myself! I withstood the test of time with a faith that I did not know I possessed when everything else seemed to have worked against me. I thank God for giving me the courage to do those things I could not do and the audacity to perfect those things I could ambitiously do. 

Non - Fictional

Educational / Historical

PLEASE NOTE:

This is a Non - Fictional Book. It was written mainly through the act of: Faith in God. All information was authentic to the best of my erudition.

Please Note:

Consideration has been made in the use of Allowable Photo Images. All were Creatively Cropped and / or Redesigned, by the compliment of The Book’s Author: Geurlaine L. Small. I profusely thank all my Credited Photo Sharers for their kindness in the completion of this Great Art. If I had Credit anyone incorrectly or have not Credit someone, it was not intentional.

Photo Cover Image Designed by: Geurlaine L. Small

Original Images taken from Public Domain Pictures at:

https://commons.wikimedia.org

https://en.wikipedia.org // https://www.en.wikipedia.org

All Rights Reserved:

Except quotations, this book may not be copied without consent of Authorized Inherited Persons or The Author, Geurlaine L. Small.

Bibliography

BLISSFULLY, AFTER ATTENDING classes at St. John’s and Mount Tabor Elementary Mixed Schools, I entered The Metropolitan High School, in Barbados. A High School Drop - Out without a Regent’s Diploma, I gained my education independently by The Written Word of God, assessing The King James Version of The Holy Bible. Also, by The Eyes of Great Novels like: The Aeneid by Virgil and Roots by Alex Haley, which inspired my English Language and Literature.

My General Educational Development Certificate and my Computer Applications were gained in Canada. As well, my Credentialed Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counseling - Trainee Diploma, my Home Health Aide Certificate, and my Mental Health Aide Certificate were acquired in New York.

Working with The New York Police Department led me to a Liberal Arts Four - Years Bachelor’s of Art Degree, with a Psychology Major. It was obtained, in 2012.

Non - Fictional Books by The Same Author

4-  New York’s Cherokee Indians:

The 2000 Epic Millennium The 2nd Ed. // eBook   2019

3-  To Achieve The Impossible Dream: The 2nd Ed. // eBk  2019

2-  New York’s Cherokee Indians:

The 2000 Epic Millennium // Discontinued    2016

1-  To Achieve The Impossible Dream // Discontinued  2014

For more information contact:

❖  Follow me on Facebook

❖  Follow me on LinkedIn

❖  Go to: guniquewriters.blogspot.com 

Introduction

We thank you Father Sun,

for the healing of The Soul,

the healing of Mother Earth,

and the healing of all Cosmic Mankind.

We call upon The Power of The Universe,

to allow us happiness, love, and prosperity.

We call upon The Power of The Universe,

for good relationship to all things.

We call upon The Power of The Universe,

for Sacred Direction, Sacred Connection,

Sacred Correction, and Sacred Protection.

We call upon The Power of The Universe,

for The Magic and for The Miracle.

We Honor You, The Creator,

as we Honor All Things that are seen

and that which was unseen.

We Honor You, The Creator,

as we Honor The Ancient Ancestors

as we Honor Ourselves. Aho!

Grant Redhawk. Two Feathers[1]

CERTAINLY, ASIANS WERE The First Human Being Inhabitants of the North American Continent and South American Continent. When the last glaciers receded, The Ancient Ancestors with many aspects, Clear Covenants, and Spoken Languages crossed The Bering Sound and dispersed.[2] Chief Jamil Red Deer Nassar vowed: The Descendants of African American Migration came via India to China, on to North America and South America.[3]

Land Offered Lucrative Trade by which Mother Earth bestowed, in Natural Resources. The New World Inhabitants, The Indigenous People made The Cloth, food, shelter, transportation, utensils, War Items, and many others needed.

The Cherokee (CHAIRuhkee) Indians resided in The Mountainous Southeastern Appalachian Regions of North America. The Forest, The River, The Stream, and The Valley were plentiful though the land was remote and highly rugged.

The land was The Cherokee Indians most profitable asset. They grew to rely on its Natural Resources.  They were called:[4]

•  Ani´gaduwagi............................Kituwah People

•  Ani´yûñwiya´............................Principal People

•  ‘Ani´yûñwi’ (Meant).................Person

•  ‘Ya´’ (Meant).............................Principal / Real

•  Cave People...............................Choctaw Indians[5]

•  Inhabitants of Cave Country......Iroquoian - Speakers

•  People of Different Tongues......Creek.[6]

Others followed The Indigenous People Path. Leif Eriksson,[7] The Viking Seaman, came in The 11th - Century. In due time England, Kingdom of Great Britain, France, Germany, Holland, Scandinavia, and Spain came in The 15th - Century.[8]

At the start of The American Colonization, there were millions of Indigenous People on The North American Continent and The South American Continent. A Matrilineal Society, Clan Mothers were The Key Landowners. They owned: Field, homes, and property. Three Native American Languages were evident:[9]

•  Algonquian - Speakers

•  Iroquoian - Speakers (We, the Extended Lodge)[10]

•  Siouan - Speakers.

The Anglo - European came to North America and South America for Political Power in World Affairs and for Economic Wealth. Many more came to escape Religious Torture.[11]

Many Prison Inmates were mandated to prestigiously promote The New World. The First English Settlement, Jamestown Capital, consisted of The Artisan, The Craftsmen, and The Doctors. Many died on arrival or in the process. They fought: Battles, Disorders, Drought, Famines, and Starvation. The food supply from England was oft skimpy or slow. They gravely mistook:[12]

•  The extremely harsh Climatic Conditions

•  The necessity of Rough Labor

•  The need to be Successful Agriculturists.

The Supernatural Spiritual Forces shaped The Indigenous People. They resided in Peaceful Harmony; they adapted to their Temperate Zone.[13] Their formulated rules and Knowledgeable Awareness enabled them to call on The Supernatural Spiritual Forces, in times of need. In their Spiritual Belief they associated with:[14]

•  The Animal

•  The Landform

•  The Plant

•  The Mountain

•  The Water.

The Bald Eagle or The Golden Eagle was deemed the most Sacred Bird. It seemed Powerfully Mystical, seldom easily captured or slayed. It was rank The Bird that flew the highest.[15]

The Bald Eagle or The Golden Eagle carried The Prayer and the request to The Creator. It was approached after The Fast and The Prayer. The Eagle’s Dance was executed when Divine Presence was needed. A Ceremonial Ritual was undertaken.[16]

The Animal revealed ideas, The Spirit, and traits.[17] The Indigenous People pursued The Large Mammals and The Wooly Mammoths.[18] However, the expensive Sacred Bison / Buffalo, which were 25 - 30 million in The 15th - Century was 1, 000 during The 20th - Century. They had become an Endangered Species.[19] Waheenee Hidatsa vowed: The Sacred Bison / Buffalo, The Black - Tailed Deer, and The Indian Ways were gone. Had I Truly Sense them?[20]

The Archeologists agreed The Indigenous People seem amply fit and Well - Entrenched. They were handsome, strong, and Well - Build. Both men and women were placed in typical roles[21] but few survived over The Age of 50. The Crow Indians argued: Old Age was not as Honorably Revered as Noble Death.

The Anglo - European coveted the land. The Tribe was pitted against The Tribe. Many Invasive Wars were fought. For approximately 300 years, 90% of The Population died by:[22]

•  Addiction

•  Infant Mortality and Proliferated Tooth Decay

•  Infectious Disorders and Tuberculosis Disorder

•  The Famine and Invasive Wars.

In Major Warfare, The Caucasians and The Indigenous People were captured or slayed. Wars evolved over Commercial Trade and The Institution of Slavery. Homes were raided; The Town burned; and Ancestral Land Title lost on 19 million - acre.

By 1770, six years before National Independence, two million people resided and worked in British North American Colonies.[23] The United States Census Bureau assessed that the Federal Government Colonization Wars,[24] totaled more than 40.

During The Colonization Period, The Cherokee Indians had vowed that The Mountainous Southeastern Appalachian Regions would not be invaded. But The Caucasian relied on them for food, access to Running Water, and for survival.[25]

By 1789, United States Congress put The First Federal Agency to overseer The Treaty, under The Secretary of War. It was The United States Federal Bureau of Indian Affairs (1824); and The United States Department of The Interior (1849).[26]

Unprotected by The American Laws, by 1838, They were forcibly removed to The Indian Territory. For The Cherokee Indians, it caused The Trail of Tears. The children were taken.[27]

Addiction factored in the extinction. American History Scholars shield from Atrocities, Colonialism, and Genocidal Practice.[28] By 1840, they was Total Annihilation:[29]

•  Child Removal

•  Compulsive Destruction and Religious Conversion

•  Cultural Assimilation and Manic Dispossession

•  Indiscriminative Killing

•  Reconfiguration of Gender Roles.

Doctor Richard White[30] said: The Cherokee Indians were the most tragic case of what could have been success. They did everything but The Catalyst of Indigenous People slayed them.[31]

The United States Census Bureau (2010) accorded The Cherokee Nation the largest of 566 Federally Recognized Native American Indian Tribes.[32] They created three Indian Tribes:[33]

•  The Cherokee Nation

•  The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians

•  The United Keetoowah Band[34] of Cherokee Indians.

The Tribe had its own rules for Tribal Citizenship. Many in The West, were unqualified. The Cherokee Nation had:[35]

•  Claimed Ancestral Linage............................350, 000

•  Tribal Citizenship or Tribal Membership.....320, 000

•  Reside within Jurisdictional Boundaries......126, 000

Kenneth Lauren Ken Burns[36] and Stephen Ives[37] agreed that The Cherokee Indians had adopted Civilization Ideologies, when The Missionaries Overseer:[38]

•  Anglo - European Christianity

•  Flamboyant Farmsteads

•  Published Newspapers and Telephone Lines

•  The Cherokee Nation Constitution

•  Written Language.

Arguably, Four Main Factors shared in The Cherokee Indians High - Speed Decline; in the usurpation. Consent of:[39]

•  Anglo - European Civilization & Christian Missionary

•  Miscegenation Practice: Mixed - Marriages

•  US Federal Government or Commercial Trade.

Chief Seattle predicted: Humankind had not woven The Web of Life. We were but one thread. What we did to The Web of Life, we did to ourselves. All things were linked and in union.[40]

Many lost faith. Black Elk[41] (Oglala) Lakota[42] Sioux said: The Inter - Related Being had No Beginning, No End. The Nation’s Sacred Hoop was one of many in The Center Circle. A Flowering Tree sheltered children of One Father, One Mother.[43]

You have given me

The Sacred Smoking Pipe,

through this I should make The Offering.

From The West, you have given me The Cup

of Living Water and The Sacred Bow.

You have given me

The Sacred Wind and The Herbal Medicine.

The Daybreak Star and

The Sacred Smoking Pipe from The East.

The Nation’s Sacred Hoop and

The Sacred Tree from The South.

You took me to The Center of The World and

have shown me The Beauty, The Goodness, and

Strangeness of Mother Earth.

I fell away and did nothing.

The Sacred Tree has never bloomed.

Oh, Beloved Grandfather,

The Sacred Tree was withered.

Did a Little Root survived?

Nourish it then that it may bloom!

Hear me, not for myself but for The Tribe.

I send a feeble voice. In my sorrow, I may never call again.

Black Elk, Oglala Sioux, (1930)[44]

Part I: Past

Prelude

The Humankind

must be The Steward of Mother Earth and

The Caretaker for all that dwelled upon it.

And, to be of one Mindful Heart with all things.

The Human Being

must learn to share The Tears of every Living Thing,

to feel the pain of The Wounded Animal,

and every Crusted Grass Blade.

Mother Earth was:

The Flesh, The Rock,

The Bone, and The River

that was The Substance of The Veins.

We were all God’s Children.

Huichol Holy Man, Shaman

THE SCIENTISTS AGREED that The Indigenous People Forefathers resembled The Early Mongoloid People of Eurasia.[45] Disproportionately, Ancient Artifacts had sublimely proven that Giant Glaciers of The Last Ice Age had sufficiently declined for Nomadic Migration. The Sea Level had adequately dropped and The Climate had satisfactory stabilized for Pastoral Migration and for Land Cultivation, 13000 to 40000 years ago B. C. E.[46]

The Indigenous People followed the herd of The Wild Prehistoric Animal, when The Mastodon roamed The Mountain, when Alaska Territory and Siberia in Eurasia, were divided but linked by a Land Bridge, called Beringia.[47] They came by Bering Strait, to North America and thereafter, to South America.[48]

America was Fittingly Named for a Genoese Mariner, Amerigo Vespucci[49] who, unlike Christopher Columbus, had recognized that The New World was far from Asia.[50]

Their societies diversified but they shared a similar Way of Life. They created large, Permanent Settlements. Homes were one - room and rectangular. The Town was securely fortified. The Regional Boundary Land was used for a Communal System. There was no Private Landownership. No one owned the land; no one could sell it. They grew The Corn / Maize from Shared Ideas, Social Practices, and Techniques. It had Special Spiritual Value.[51]

The Mississippian Times (300 - 1500)[52] arose after the growth of The Corn / Maize. A New Way of Life, they subsided off the land.[53] As Tribal Chiefdoms, The Family was structured in Social Ranks. They held Inherited Status; Personal Wealth also elevated them. By Surplus Food Trade, Powerful Leaders arose. Thus, European Colonization began in The 11th - Century A. D.[54] when Leif Eriksson led a Norse Expedition to The New World.[55]

Marco Polo[56] followed the Norse Expedition many years later. Industrial Development and Territorial Expansion were imminent. It contributed to the European Countries Wealth.[57]

By 1490, The Indigenous People had grown to about 10 million, and they had developed 300 Spoken Languages. As well, they utilized the influence of Sign Language.[58]

Hand gestures communicated facts with those who spoke The Native American Languages.[59] But with a Population Rise, a drought ruined crops. With no food, they starved. They became:[60]

•  Nomadic Hunters

•  Seaworthy Fishermen

•  Wild Food Gatherers.

Christopher Columbus proceeded in one of Four Voyages to North America Continent and South AmericaContinent.[61] In The Spanish Colonization Period (1492 - c. 1898), he left an impetus that motivated others. The Spanish Empire Economic and Political Power rose when in 1513, Ponce De Leon found Florida Region.[62] King Henry VIII left The Roman Catholic Church, in England. In 1533, he engaged Divorce Practices to wed another.[63]

It was a time of discovery. Hernando De Soto[64] and his Spanish Explorers came to The Northeast Coast, in 1540, to Trade in The Beaver Fur. They exchanged Cloth, glass, Gold Mineral, and metal. The Mississippian Era ended; The Cherokee Indians were the largest of Five Groups in The Southeast Region.[65]

The Cherokee Indians had Migrated South, from the Great Lakes Region. Their Ancestral History was traced to 3000 years, when they occupied the Evergreen Forest of The Mountainous Southeastern Appalachian Regions.[66] They regarded The Smokey Mountains of North Carolina, as The Sacred Ancestral Realm and conceived of themselves as inseparable from The Homeland.[67]

Educated Linguists avowed that they were detached from a Southern Branch of Iroquoian - Speakers in c. 1800 B. C. E.[68] They were defeated by The Delaware (Lenape)[69] Indians and other of The Iroquoian - Speakers. After The Mississippian Era, they stopped The Sacred Ancestral Mounds[70] The Burial Places.[71]

Many more of The Anglo - European Settlers had arrived during the 1540s.[72] The Cherokee Indians Fixed System entertained Symbolized Structural Ideas. They became Powerfully Influential; they grew to 25, 000. Their area consisted of 40, 000 square miles of Claimed Land in Eight Regional Areas:[73]

•  Alabama (I clear the thicket)[74] Territory

•  Colony of Kentucky

•  Colony of North Carolina

•  Colony of South Carolina

•  Colony of Virginia, and Colony of West Virginia

•  Ohio River Territory

•  Province of Georgia, South Alleghenies Region

•  Tennessee Territory.

The Cherokee Indians Tsálâgî (Speaker of Another Language) came from a Creek - Muskogee (Iroquoian - Speakers) word.[75] Pedro Menéndez De Avilés founded San Agustin (St. Augustine),[76] in Florida Territory, c. 1565.[77] The European Spaniards often use The Word: Tsálâgî.  It gave it great credence.

The Cherokee Indians adapted to The Changing Environ. They dwell near The Stream Mouth, until The English Settlers found them and Numerous Fish, plentiful game, and Wild Plant.[78]

In The Colonization Period, they were entrenched in The Mountainous Southeastern Appalachian Regions, in 100 Large Towns that were Economically Independent in all daily matters. It was calculatedly formulated that The Town consisted of 30 - 60 homes, with The Population of above or near 200 persons.[79]

European Spaniards detection of The New World (Central America, Florida Territory, Mexico Territory, The Philippines, and The West Indian Protectorate) eschewed Enmity and Peace. Economic Governance, Political Power, and Roman Catholic Doctrines were rigid. The Anglo - Spanish War (1585 - 1604) was with the Kingdom of Great Britain and Spain. Colonialism and Genocide and Extermination and War pursued.[80]

More bizarre and strange, in The 16th - Century, The English Settlers of Roanoke Island, which had been created by Sir Walter Raleigh,[81] weirdly vanished. The First English Baby, Virginia Dare,[82] disappeared along with The Roanoke Colony.[83]

Thereafter, Roanoke Island was called: The Lost Colony.[84]

The Domesticated Dog had pursued The Indigenous People Ancestors, 14000 years ago.[85] They did not eat it: The Dog protected Human Beings. It typified The Universal God and held Intuitive Powers that Defied Man’s Wisdom. Chief Luther Standing Bear said: It was The Breath Force of The First Man.[86]

The Cherokee Indians used The Dog as The Pack Animal to track The Beaver and muskrat. With incredible stamina, they carried heavy burden.[87] In winter, sleds and snowshoes were used to travel easier, until The Horse Debut in The 17th - Century.[88]

European Spaniards brought The Cattle, iron, and wheel from Europe and Spain.[89] They reintroduced The Horse in 1621. It was domesticated c. 2000 B. C. E.[90] but had vanished with The Mastodon in The Pleistocene Era.[91] It was First Popularized with The Western Plain Indians: Apache, Comanche, and Navajo (Dinè) Indians,[92] in The Midwest and in The Southwest.[93]

The Horse seemed Supernaturally Magical. It carried more weight and walked on Four Legs like The Packed Dogs, The Human Companions. The Hopi Tribe said The Horse was The Universal God Messenger. The Warrior vowed he and it was in oneness. The Phenomenal Animal was called: The Sky Dog.[94]

Existence Revolutionized for The Indigenous People; The Horse was used for barter. Profitably, they were equal with The Animal and The Plant. The Medicine Men / Women were paid for Healing Services with The Horse or the saddle. They were also paid with Clothing Apparel or Explosives. They were taught to tame The Horse. It was used to conduct raids, plow fields, and for transportation. Dietary Lifestyle Improved; tasks were easier:[95]

•  It carried heavy provisions and tools

•  It propagated rapidly and moved speedily

•  It pursued The Bison / Buffalo.

The Horse, The Feral Spanish Mustang (Free - Roaming, ownerless, or stray),[96] also provided Occupational Labor with better capability and greater simplicity, as The Tribe became Economically Stabilized with more Specialized Opportunities:[97]

•  Horse Cobblers

•  Professional Blacksmiths

•  Wagon Builders.

The Cherokee Indians ability to propagate and to breed The Horse, the Horsemanship Skills, and the training were passed to The Future Seventh Generation Sacred. They raided for The Horse or The Tribe’s Women. The Law chastised a slayer but not the slaying of The Horse Thief. The Anishinabe Indians vowed: It was less of an issue to be poor, than it was to be dishonest.[98]

Wealth Accumulated with the number of horses one owned. The value of property rose when it was shared with The Community. To give exalted one’s Prestigious Status.

Classically, The Clan had no Written Laws. They did not make The Social Customs. The Law was The Ancient Customs or Anida’webi (The People) made them.[99] They resided under a form of Government System. It consisted of nine individuals. There were Seven Honored Clan Women, who were revered and held Ascribed Power over major and minor decision - making.[100]

The men’s duties were: Diplomatic Services, Political Decisions, The Hunt, and The War. There was The Clan Leader and The Tribal Leader (First Beloved Man). It was an Inherited Status, not Autocratically Rule. The Chiefs / Leaders were chosen by their abilities. Tribal Leaders were: Astute, Intelligently Capable, or Politically Well - Rehearsed in Community Affairs.[101]

The Tribal Leader’s sister nominated his successor. Clan Mothers or the Matriarchal Clan[102] decided when The Ceremony began; they supervised events.[103] They chose the Chiefs / Leaders and had The Power to strip them of their Honored Obligation in The Council, if they proved inapt. The Clan Mothers:[104]

•  Adopted Orphans

•  Chose The Chiefs / Leaders, on The Ruling Council

•  Decided War Captives Fate.

Historically, there were Seven Mother Towns that served as The Headquarters. In The Center, a Seven - Sided Council House accommodated everyone for meetings and for Religious Ceremonies. Each side typified The Seven Clans.[105]

The Center was similar to The Sacred Fire of Vesta, the Eternal Flame in Ancient Rome, which tended The Life and The Soul of The City. The Scared Fire was kindled with Seven Unique Wood, including The Maple and The Oak. It was fixed in a Stable X. The Scared Fire burned in a Circular Path.[106]

They gathered around The Scared Fire and decided The Empire’s Status. The Medicine Men / Women or Spiritual Leaders led The Ceremonial Ritual; Tribal Leaders were over Traditional Celebrations. They had Seven Counselors. They had a Right Hand Man and The Speaker with seats in The Council House.[107]

It was avowed that in earlier times, The Cherokee Indians were Fourteen Clans[108] but due to Internal Divisional Strive and their Non - Compliance with Customized Laws, it resulted in Seven Clans being expelled. Thus, Seven Clan Spirits existed:[109]

•  The Wolf (Ani'wah'` ya); the most vital:

They were The Keeper of The Wolf. The Clan could kill The Wolf with Ceremonial Ritual and provide Wolf Medicine. The Chiefs / Leaders, The Protector, The Spiritual Priests, and The Warrior were produced. They taught loyalty and security and typified: The Color Red.

•  Wild Potato (Ani’Gato gewi'); Gatogewi / swamp:

Wild Potato Members were The Farmers, The Gatherers, and The Nurturers of The Wild Stream and Swamps Plant. They were The Bakers, Flour Makers, and Mother Earth Guardians. They taught insight, introspection, and how to provide daily shelter. Inactive: The Color Green.

•  Paint (Ani’wi'di); they were the secretive and smallest:

The Red Paint Members made War Paint. The Medicine People (Conjuror, Healer, Sorcerer, and Wise Men) were trained. They Symbolized Death but Taught Life: The Birth, Death, and Regeneration. They also taught: Second Sight or Illusion Powers. Inactive: Color White.

•  Blue (Ani’Sahoni'):

The Blue Clan made The Blue Medicine from The Blue Holly Plant. They kept Children’s Medicine and Herbal Gardens. They taught grace, growing, strength, The Herb, and The Truth. The Sky typified: The Color Blue.

•  Long Hair (Ani’Gil ohi': Grew from the neck):

Long Hair Members were Intuition Teachers, Religious Rites, and Spiritual Knowledge. They were: Day, night, Warrior Women’s Society; The Child Orphan; Peace Leaders; War Jailers. Inactive: The Color Yellow.

•  The Bird (Ani’Tsi'skwa) or Red Tailed Hawk:

The Bird Guardian. The Bald Eagle or Golden Eagle (The Spirit Symbol) was The Messenger between Mother Earth and The Heavens, The Creator and The World. They stored The Medicine or Sacred Feathers. They were The Blowers or The Trapper. The Color Purple; Wood Maple.

•  The Deer (Ani'Kawi'):

The Cherokee Indian Deer Clan kept The Sacred Deer (Awi). They Embodied Peace, Foot Messengers, and Swift Runners, by: The Hunter or The Keeper of Deer Medicine; the seamers, tanners, and trackers; they taught calmness and love. The Color Brown; The Wood Oak.

The Clanship was The Heart of The Cherokee Indians; it was The Political Government and The Social Organization. The Symbol epitomized The Clan. The Name typified The Balance with The Supernatural Spiritual Forces that guided and shaped The Human Spirit on its Life’s Journey to The Spirit World. The Family gained loyalty. Tribal Members were Three Groups:[110]

•  The First Main Group; The Iroquoian - Speakers:[111]

•  *Cayuga Indians: One of Seven Clans expelled

•  *Oneida Indians: One of Seven Clans expelled

•  *Onondaga Indians: One of Seven Clans expelled[112]

•  *Seneca Indians: One of Seven Clans expelled.

*The Mohawk (Flesh or Man Eater; The Flint Possessors: Abenaki)[113] Indians made The Fifth of Seven Clans expelled from The Cherokee Indian Tribe. They initiated The League of Confederate Five Nations (c. 1570)[114] to maintain Peace.[115]

Iroquoian - Speakers were Eastern Woodland Farmers. They lived in Villages, in The Great Lakes Region. The Tuscarora[116] Tribe joined The Five Nations in The 18th - Century. Then, The Six Nations (1722), they were Fearful British Allies until The British were defeated, on October 19, 1781.[117] In winter, they use The Longhouse or Semi - Subterranean Edifice. Often Nomadic, they foraged for food or were Skilled Horticulturists.[118]

•  The Second Main Group; Algonquian - Speakers:[119]

•  Siksika (Blackfeet / Bfoot) Sub - Confederacy[120]

•  Cheyenne Indians[121]

•  Cree Indians[122]

•  Delaware (Lenape, Genuine Men) Indians[123]

•  Shawnee Indians.[124]

The Algonquian - Speakers (Anishinaabe Language: Original People)[125] was Rhythmically Musical. It was related to Ojibwa[126] (Ojibwe [y], To Roast Till Puckered Up) Dialect.[127]

The French - Backed Algonquian - Speakers practiced a Nomadic Lifestyle; they foraged for food.[128] They resided along The Great Lakes Region and The Saint Lawrence River: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin Territories. Many resided in New England:[129] The Provinces of New Jersey and New York. They erected Mobile Huts or The Wigwam.[130]

•  The Third Main Group; The Siouan - Speakers:[131]

•  Assiniboine (Nakota) Indians: Mississippi Valley

•  Dakota - Lakota Indians: Mississippi Valley

•  Tutelo (Saponi / Sappony) Indians: Ohio Valley.

The Siouan - Speakers Original Homelands were in The Minnesota Territory, The North Dakota Territory, The South Dakota Territory, and The Wisconsin Territory. Their homes, though part Semi - Subterranean Edifice, were cozy year - round.

The Indigenous People of North America in the boundaries of The United States of America, parts of The Alaskan State, and The Hawaiian State Islands, made various dwellings.[132]

The Hopi (Peaceful Ones or Well - Mannered People)[133] Indians[134] were slothful. They build Stone Homes and grew crops that thrived in warm, wet seasons. The Apache Indians, in their Nomadic Migration, believed that Knowledgeable Wisdom sat in place. They built easily assembled brush shelters with Natural Resources found in The Woodland Environment.[135] They survived by following the caribou herd or by raiding others more ingrained. They erected Portable Mobile Hut or The Wigwam.[136]

The Zuni Indians Life was oriented around events that were synchronized with Agricultural Practices, from summer.[137]

The Cherokee Indians were Inherent Warriors; yet, The Protectors. They avoided Nomadic Migration and to stalk the herd on raids to remote places. They were more practical than The Western Plain Indians, who moved and lived in Teepees / Tipis.[138]

The Cherokee Indians were Southeastern Woodland Farmers. The Village had a high Civilized Population that was Mainly Centered on a Sizable Settlement, reliable solely on crop growth.[139] The women built new homes as The Group grew:[140]

When The Population grew, The Community created a new area. Their edifices were advanced above others. Their homes were built with Ecological Material. The structure was 200 x 20 x 20 feet. One housed 60 persons. Creatively, they limed it with Clay Bricks made of Red Mud. The roof was made from bark, bush, or River Cane. The front door was cloak with Animal Skin. They made benches that served as beds, erected at the sides. They used short posts as legs and The Ash Tree or The White Oak Tree splints as frames. Soft Hemlock Boughs or The Broomsage was placed beneath the bed mats. As well, The Beaver, The Bison / Buffalo, or other Animal Skin was the cover. The Family Belongings were at the other end.

The Micmac Chief reflected: Those who believed in Nomadic Migration, carried their homes where they pleased. They were at home everywhere, without permission. They had every benefit in their house that you had in yours, such as: Amusing themselves, drinking, eating, reposing, and sleeping.[141]

The Cherokee Indians had Novel Aged Vogues; the land was vital. The Woods had simple foods. They were buoyed by:[142]

•  Beautiful Landform

•  Bountiful Vegetation

•  Natural Ecological System

•  Vast Surrounding Habitat.

Ingenuously, they discovered that The Plant grew from discarded portions. As they resided on Fertile Land, they became Proficient Agriculturalists. They tended gardens with The Natchez Indians[143] and The Seminole Indians. Foods were supplemented with The Wild Plant: Greens, nuts, and The Root. A section of a large field was primed and then sowed with stored seeds from the last season. They Planted Small Plots of the land with about five seeds in hills about five to six feet apart. They bred and cultivated Plant Species: The Gourd Plant, the potato, The Sunflower, The Tomato, or the yam. And, The Three Sisters Foundation Foods:[144]

•  c. 1000 A. D.[145]............The Bean was domesticated  

•  c. 100 B. C. E.[146]...........The Corn / Maize

•  c. 10000 B. C. E.[147].......The Squash domesticated.

The Corn / Maize were vital; it was the basic subsistence. Foods that could be most found in the homes were: Bean Bread or Corn Bread, dried fruits, pumpkin, or Wild Meat.[148]

Reportedly, they had not become Skilled Horticulturists. The Rich Milieu was abundant with The Fish and game. Foods were found in The Woods. The Three Sisters Foundation Foods was a supportive supplement. All together they achieved a Balance Diet. Pragmatically, The Bean and The Corn / Maize sheltered The Squash. The broad leaf kept out The Light of Father Sun. It supplied moisture that kept the soil fertilized and soft.[149]

The Cornstalk grew and provided a strong structure for The Bean, which climbed. The Bean made food and Nutritious Nitrogen for the soil. It contained Natural Substances found in The Animal, The Human Being, and The Plant. The Bean had Amino Acids, The Lysine, and The Tryptophan that The Human Body needed for The Niacin or for The Protein Source.[150]

The Indigenous People tended their vegetables gardens with a Pointed Stick, The Stone, or Wooden Hoe. Many had large Allotted Farmsteads that comprised of 160 - acre. The Birdhouse, made from the Gourd Plant[151] was built and hung on poles in the fields. The Bird nested and ate The Insect. Older women sat to chase away The Bear, the raccoon, and the varmint.

They used ‘Empirical Science’ or they conducted Observable Experiments to gage The Plant habits. The moved The Town every ten years. The land to lie fallow and to recover.[152]

The Cherokee Indians The Three Sisters Foundation Foods Planting Moon (AniSguti) Feast was in the month of May. The Harvest was from August to September (Duliidsdi), when Selu, The Spirit of The Corn / Maize, was Honorably Awarded. The Last Festival was in the month of October - November.[153]

Routinely, Insightful Vision, Knowledgeable Wisdom, and Self - Analysis were taught. Their Artistic Food Preparation was Culinary Designed. They processed foods on Grinding Stone. They pounded The Corn / Maize into meal. The meat was cut into thin strips, hung on a rack, jerked, and dried by Father Sun or The Wind. Preservation prevented Bacterial Yeasts.[154] The meat was pounded and mixed with melted fat. The Pestle was made from a solid tree; The Wooden Mortar was made from a concave log.[155]

Larger foods (Sweet Potato) were peeled or cut in pieces. They were preserved in The Basket, The Pot, or the sack:[156]

The dried items were: The apple, The Bean, the peach, and the peas. They were preserved with The Sassafras Broken Limbs. Weevils could not penetrate. They traded leftovers. Many had smaller