Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5
Ebook303 pages4 hours
The First Blitz: The German Air Campaign Against Britain 1917–1918
Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
3.5/5
()
About this ebook
“An interesting account of the German air raids of the First World War, with a better focus on the human face of the raids.” —HistoryOfWar.org
In 1917, the Germans launched a major air campaign against the British mainland, which shocked the whole nation and terrorized the southeast of England.
These attacks by German bombers caused hundreds of deaths and injuries, but until now, the full details of these raids have never before been told. These range from the massacre of Canadian troops resting in Folkestone on May 25, 1917 to the widespread carnage of shoppers a couple of miles away in the city center. Sheerness, then a major dockyard for the Royal Navy, barely escaped a similar fate when it too was singled out for the same treatment, and a 50kg bomb struck Upper North Street School in London’s Poplar on June 13, 1917. It not only took the lives of eighteen schoolchildren, many as young as five years, but also crippled and mutilated twice as many again. Terrible as this was, it was just one of scores of similar tragedies, which terrified the populace of London and horrified the world.
The account of this campaign—plus the political and military circumstances surrounding it—follow years of original and painstaking research, interviews, and correspondence with those who remember that period.
“This is a tight and carefully crafted piece of history. It has drama and a slice of shock and awe.” —War History Online
“A clear winner from the first page.” —Indy Squadron Dispatch
In 1917, the Germans launched a major air campaign against the British mainland, which shocked the whole nation and terrorized the southeast of England.
These attacks by German bombers caused hundreds of deaths and injuries, but until now, the full details of these raids have never before been told. These range from the massacre of Canadian troops resting in Folkestone on May 25, 1917 to the widespread carnage of shoppers a couple of miles away in the city center. Sheerness, then a major dockyard for the Royal Navy, barely escaped a similar fate when it too was singled out for the same treatment, and a 50kg bomb struck Upper North Street School in London’s Poplar on June 13, 1917. It not only took the lives of eighteen schoolchildren, many as young as five years, but also crippled and mutilated twice as many again. Terrible as this was, it was just one of scores of similar tragedies, which terrified the populace of London and horrified the world.
The account of this campaign—plus the political and military circumstances surrounding it—follow years of original and painstaking research, interviews, and correspondence with those who remember that period.
“This is a tight and carefully crafted piece of history. It has drama and a slice of shock and awe.” —War History Online
“A clear winner from the first page.” —Indy Squadron Dispatch
Related to The First Blitz
Related ebooks
Zeppelin Onslaught: The Forgotten Blitz, 1914–1915 September Evening: The Life and Final Combat of the German World War One Ace: Werner Voss Rating: 1 out of 5 stars1/5Black Night for Bomber Command: The Tragedy of 16 December 1943 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Endless Story: Destroyer Operations in the Great War Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Grand Fleet 1914-1916: Its Creation, Development and Work Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWar in the corner: Chronicle of a village in wartime Netherlands Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsChurchill's Admiral in Two World Wars: Admiral of the Fleet Lord Keyes of Zeebrugge & Dover GCB KCVO CMG DSO Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Baby Killers: German Air Raids on Britain in the First World War Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5BIG JOE McCARTHY -The RCAF's American Dambuster Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsOperation Menace: The Dakar Expedition and the Dudley North Affair Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Heroes of Bomber Command Lincolnshire Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsBattle of Britain 1917: The First Heavy Bomber Raids on England Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHero of the Angry Sky: The World War I Diary and Letters of David S. Ingalls, America’s First Naval Ace Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCanada's Hundred Days; With The Canadian Corps From Amiens To Mons, Aug. 8-Nov. 11, 1918. Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Germans and the Dieppe Raid: How Hitler's Wehrmacht Crushed Operation Jubilee Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsLuck of a Lancaster: 107 Operations, 244 Crew, 103 Killed in Action Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAn Eye in the Sky: The Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force Career of Air Commodore Henry George Crowe MC, CBE, CBD (SC) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSurviving the Skies: A Night Bomber Pilot in the Great War Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Iron Man: Rudolf Berthold: Germany's Indomitable Fighter Ace of World War I Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Plymouth: A City at War, 1914-45 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsBattle of Britain The Movie: The Men and Machines of one of the Greatest War Films Ever Made Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Battle of Bellewaarde, June 1915 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/56th Battalion, the Cheshire Regiment in the Great War: A Territorial Battalion on the Western Front 1914–1918 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMaster Bombers: The Experiences of a Pathfinder Squadron at War, 1942–1945 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Peenemünde Raid: The Night of 17–18 August 1943 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Hitler as Military Commander Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Battle of Berlin: Bomber Command Over the Third Reich, 1943–1945 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings1918: The Year of Victories Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Battle for Britain: Interservice Rivalry between the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy, 1909-1940 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
European History For You
Mein Kampf: English Translation of Mein Kamphf - Mein Kampt - Mein Kamphf Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Short History of the World: The Story of Mankind From Prehistory to the Modern Day Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Killing England: The Brutal Struggle for American Independence Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Forgotten Slave Trade: The White European Slaves of Islam Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Negro Rulers of Scotland and the British Isles Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Time Traveler's Guide to Medieval England: A Handbook for Visitors to the Fourteenth Century Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Violent Abuse of Women: In 17th and 18th Century Britain Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Woman in Berlin: Eight Weeks in the Conquered City: A Diary Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Hitler's Monsters: A Supernatural History of the Third Reich Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Book of English Magic Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Five: The Untold Lives of the Women Killed by Jack the Ripper Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Anglo-Saxons: A History of the Beginnings of England: 400 – 1066 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Celtic Mythology: A Concise Guide to the Gods, Sagas and Beliefs Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Forgotten Highlander: An Incredible WWII Story of Survival in the Pacific Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5A Victorian Lady's Guide to Fashion and Beauty Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Oscar Wilde: The Unrepentant Years Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Quite Nice and Fairly Accurate Good Omens Script Book: The Script Book Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Dark Queens: The Bloody Rivalry That Forged the Medieval World Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Law Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Discovery of Pasta: A History in Ten Dishes Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCeltic Charted Designs Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Origins Of Totalitarianism Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Anarchy: The East India Company, Corporate Violence, and the Pillage of an Empire Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Rise of the Fourth Reich: The Secret Societies That Threaten to Take Over America Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Jane Austen: The Complete Novels Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Psychedelic Gospels: The Secret History of Hallucinogens in Christianity Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Related podcast episodes
Hitler's American Gamble 0% found this document usefulFPP182 - Designing the A-10 Warthog: With Mr. Hal Sundt 0% found this document usefulEpisode 15 - Guilty or Not?: The Judges debate their verdicts: surely they’ll all hang? 0% found this document usefulFlorence Nightingale - How Florence Got Her Name - The Three Homes Epi. 1 - Kids Story History 0% found this document useful30YearsWar #66: A Tale of Two Crowns [1639-40]: A Tale of Two Crowns 0% found this document usefulThe Korean War: Prologue: The Foundations Of Fantasy 100% found this document usefulThe Diary of Samuel Pepys 0% found this document usefulNicholas Christakis On Covid And Friendship 0% found this document useful30YearsWar #48: The Web of War: The Web of War 0% found this document usefulVersailles #71: Relegating Russia: Russian To The End 0% found this document usefulS02E49 The Night Wire by H F Arnold 0% found this document usefulEpisode 44 Bosworth Summit Lock by L T C Rolt 0% found this document useful
Related articles
The Hitler Who Fought For The Allies History of WarArticle
The Hitler Who Fought For The Allies
Oct 27, 2022
6 min readThe Glorious ‘Stringbag’ Aviation HistoryArticle
The Glorious ‘Stringbag’
Jan 1, 2019
9 min readSid Cotton’s Air Force Aviation HistoryArticle
Sid Cotton’s Air Force
Jan 25, 2022
4 min readThe Battle Of Barking Creek Aviation HistoryArticle
The Battle Of Barking Creek
Sep 3, 2019
11 min readFull Medal Jacket Military HistoryArticle
Full Medal Jacket
Sep 3, 2019
8 min read“A Worthy Cause” Aviation HistoryArticle
“A Worthy Cause”
Jul 12, 2022
11 min readFrom Wehrmacht To U.s. Army World War IIArticle
From Wehrmacht To U.s. Army
Nov 24, 2020
2 min read1918 The Spring Offensive Part III History of WarArticle
1918 The Spring Offensive Part III
Apr 19, 2018
7 min readBuilding The Bundesluftwaffe Aviation HistoryArticle
Building The Bundesluftwaffe
Jan 7, 2020
10 min readG.t. 350r Revival Hot RodArticle
G.t. 350r Revival
May 10, 2019
8 min readThe Search For classical Caledonia History ScotlandArticle
The Search For classical Caledonia
Jun 11, 2022
14 min readThe Day Wiley Post Killed Will Rogers (and Himself) Aviation HistoryArticle
The Day Wiley Post Killed Will Rogers (and Himself)
Jan 24, 2023
11 min readResistance Assassins History of WarArticle
Resistance Assassins
Mar 19, 2020
4 min read“Death Didn’t Care If You Were A Butcher’s Boy Or A Public Schoolboy” BBC History MagazineArticle
“Death Didn’t Care If You Were A Butcher’s Boy Or A Public Schoolboy”
Jun 11, 2020
Rob Attar: What were the origins of the Lancaster bomber? Why was it needed? John Nichol: At the start of the Second World War, the Royal Air Force’s offensive capability was quite limited. It soon became clear that the RAF needed bigger, better an
9 min readA Deadly Duel World War IIArticle
A Deadly Duel
Feb 5, 2019
6 min readJapan’s Trafalgar Military HistoryArticle
Japan’s Trafalgar
Nov 23, 2021
10 min readTale Of The Tin Goose Aviation HistoryArticle
Tale Of The Tin Goose
Oct 27, 2020
11 min readPrince Rupert A Help Or Hindrance To The Royalist Cause? History of WarArticle
Prince Rupert A Help Or Hindrance To The Royalist Cause?
Aug 8, 2019
3 min readThe Battle That Made Spain Medieval Warfare MagazineArticle
The Battle That Made Spain
Jul 14, 2021
8 min readA Middling 'Midway' NPRArticle
A Middling 'Midway'
Nov 7, 2019
4 min readPrince Philip 1921-2021 Pride Of The Royal Navy History of WarArticle
Prince Philip 1921-2021 Pride Of The Royal Navy
May 13, 2021
6 min readThe Story Of Paul Brickhill Bestselling Author And Prisoner Of War Hero Part 1 TracesArticle
The Story Of Paul Brickhill Bestselling Author And Prisoner Of War Hero Part 1
Jun 22, 2020
6 min readNo 10 Is Marching Through Cultural Institutions – And Making A Battleground Of The Arts | Charlotte Higgins The GuardianArticle
No 10 Is Marching Through Cultural Institutions – And Making A Battleground Of The Arts | Charlotte Higgins
Nov 8, 2021
When the chair of the National Maritime Museum, Charles Dunstone, wrote to the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) to extend Dr Aminul Hoque’s trusteeship into a second four-year term, it was just a formality. The letter, written
5 min readBattle Of The Little Bighorn All About HistoryArticle
Battle Of The Little Bighorn
Jun 15, 2023
9 min readDr. Gatling’s Wonder Weapon America's Civil WarArticle
Dr. Gatling’s Wonder Weapon
Dec 25, 2018
7 min readInside The Mind Of Hitler All About HistoryArticle
Inside The Mind Of Hitler
May 20, 2021
3 min readThe Chosin Reservoir Breakout History of WarArticle
The Chosin Reservoir Breakout
Oct 30, 2017
2 min readDeath of The Wolf Packs History of WarArticle
Death of The Wolf Packs
Mar 14, 2024
12 min readGeorge Henry Thomas History of WarArticle
George Henry Thomas
Apr 16, 2020
9 min readWhere Was ‘Little Phil’? Civil War TimesArticle
Where Was ‘Little Phil’?
Sep 15, 2020
4 min read
Related categories
Reviews for The First Blitz
Rating: 3.6666666666666665 out of 5 stars
3.5/5
3 ratings1 review
- Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Has some interesting bits, but disappointing overall. The First Blitz is subtitled “The German Air Campaign Against Britain 1917-1918”, but wanders around without much focus. We start with a general discussion of the development of air warfare, including such things as the observation balloons in the American Civil War, Austrian balloon bombs in the 1848 Italian campaign, and various actions in the Italo-Turkish War of 1912 and the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913. Next is a discussion of British defenses against the Zeppelin; Churchill, of course, felt that the best defense was an offense and launched air strikes against Zeppelin sheds and the hydrogen manufacturing works at Friedrichshafen (violating Swiss airspace in the process and provoking a diplomatic response from the Swiss, who were told to “go milk their cows”). Unfortunately, interservice rivalry trumped practicality; Churchill was First Lord of the Admiralty at the time and his raids were launched by the Royal Naval Air Service. The Army was outraged, and insisted that all further raids against Zeppelin bases be conducted by the Royal Flying Corps. They got their wish – then didn’t launch any attacks, allowing Zeppelins to reach England unmolested.
Fortunately for the British, although at first Zeppelins could reach the British Isles without interception, they couldn’t hit anything. Raids against London ended up bombing (for example) Yarmouth. Initial air defense was very feeble; the obsolete British fighters (usually the Vickers Gunbus, not a name expected to inspire fear in the opposition) were unable to climb high enough to reach the Zeppelins. Eventually more effective fighters were provided and incendiary ammunition was developed (although one Zeppelin had been downed before that, by the unlikely method of dropping bombs on it in midair). Zeppelins were withdrawn from land attack, and most of the Home Defense fighter squadrons were sent to the Western Front.
At this point author Andrew Hyde takes a side road and starts discussing the submarine war, food rationing, labor unrest, and the employment of women in military industries, none of which is especially germane to his main topic. (There’s a tenuous connection – all these things have to do with home front morale which was certainly affected by the German bombing campaign, too – but that connection is left up to the reader to find between the lines).
At last we get to the meat of thee book, the German bombing campaign using Gotha and later Zeppelin-Staaken bombers. For some reason these have always attracted less public interest than the Zeppelin attacks – there’s just something fascinating about airships – but they were more effective (admittedly, that’s not saying much). The British never even considered the possibility that the Germans would develop a heavier-than-air craft that could carry a significant bomb load to London, so the first Gotha attacks were completely unresisted. The Gothas flew high enough to be undetectable unless someone heard the engines, what interceptors were available didn’t have either speed or climb rate to catch the Gothas, and there was no way to direct fighters once they left the ground (they had no radios - land signal flags were tried, but were ineffective – since the signalers on the ground usually didn’t have any idea what was going on, either).
Once again, unfortunately, Hyde gets off the main track. I realize a lot of military histories go overboard on technical weapon details without doing enough interpretation, but Hyde goes too far in the other direction. There’s only one partial photograph of a Gotha, and none of the Zeppelin-Staaken or any British airplanes. Hyde does give quite a bit of verbal description of the aircraft involved, but one picture or line drawing would have easily been worth a thousand words. Then there’s obsessive detail on one particular raid – that of May 25th, 1917. Hyde accounts for almost every bomb dropped by the attackers (it’s true that this was one of the more effective raids – the Gothas, more or less by accident, hit a Canadian military encampment at Folkestone and killed a number of soldiers) and prints as many witness accounts as he could locate. Once again, this is a place where a single map could have substituted for pages of verbiage.
The book winds down from there – there’s one more detailed description of a raid, which tragically hit a school in London (killing the author’s uncle, who was 5 years old at the time). Alas, there’s very little about the German view of the raids (although a couple of newspaper stories are mentioned or partially quoted) and nothing about the long term effect (the ease with which the Gothas penetrated British airspace must have certainly affected the “strategic bomber” theorists and “the bomber will always get through” crowd of the interwar years.
The book’s a British import, and quite expensive for the material contained. It’s certainly worth a read, but if you’re interested I’d get it from your library.
Book preview
The First Blitz - Andrew P. Hyde
3^ book_preview_excerpt.html }|[vFV KY*n C23EJdJy4 G <
02U{蟚,{'; fGJF wsk^wi bqj? ww3c} xj}G?[݃78~apmCp!qj \M}zMXz Ǫ^1 |"U'*מ /~RߏS~njT[m]UWq^u 'l>z\7~1T;IXkSz57A}Nv鲺ӛU\~ 0 |)&3'nǴR:OQ1O}{NW'_%%kPswnyaZ6{4aAe%y7^>ēu.T{ LM}?f yYC5q1 -MpPz ]Å~u ! ltp#Ŷb[_QGz$Ś8هiV+ \=.k u%Ax!UqS
/=ũm4/5O3#qȉH+&hA X` 4 N4y bc=XBV2V? [*K b+XP s p;G<Չ0ԃۍBlܽ2-2cky2P?{e>Zz xV#pr>MǂXѝ%=I f-Mw4ЗR
;\-rrՔ^5*`L+w<+\Û vm
o=Rf7 Z Lj?t,H' mS A7fy̸m
p7ʍpl;9"j&v8&3yP!/ibY6/%x~~ }*?-" ar?џ^ XmϺILc}AL PF- _梶HN]]C,lL:s7OSE@4¾ #o&_,6 FF;e@@;6U/}팭 D$! ~{(O1U7y+kM9Q R#Q9"k)ӄi Qu"TJJheC4Yv #)۹\UjYۧ 1ԖDY`Z\V[eqm6v'IeEDI1Jz4mCt
r O6V{bGQlUL @%=|*(CXPS @.]4܁fuPQz3soO 5~AӨ/U0o8W}Nǘ v{(˦ ̈́ՀtN`DoLtnTΚ. BAt#zE(tS)h1[M4ϞR`cK3%@Y45& "2Cs N4pm28* 2VG24b0 FJ )%p^f ΛJ\1 =͏GLh,ohO+ݨⅣWtԅBD SkdhφFl
%#
T^V-0 |}/[EڇeLg؇2<_j"ʷh@4I9*3'Xc 5i(k~f> |azu2 (hLә
lH % n# E#nj\X*#YG:luYEK |$v%Ӻ3jR1܊z
ɯ싞.svlMd ;/dkZe A#)Pr x m@ [%!cCd{fJBz7+~Y6vP
A=w*1KV F~ǸĶ&x bB`i` i$Cɐmk;Y|A=S=g=_dfF.x"[LwdNjT $>4@iE5w:F+!/BrL9i`ra9Yŝ7ϔsHN"ft2q`j8=
qQ& 0j6(Vaٔ(Ć|/pvs'[jQàv] [ێi" q ~se
jblʟ R)*B&J?ՇY+*3Avs(>ՏWدp$R/ .==-
W6D`DQqsu .YDVLg A\+ߣ13a*͝3wJɀkB\99a1)[`ӨUJ<`
hPE1Ta >{;wf0`d:oМ|7nsBǒ gBV<~~ڑ_[pgJZl+xQ s gd_2VEP$$Z?e(qmg{9e⥂D*UT!_fG|㎊
T]u}357 ] > t}PsV]OD^%0{B-`=4 '^\$吗k'%9CodI9Z
+af`D{ _{[7;D< sJ蓷r
H\Q ]yEKe%(k3.an_ j)h} φv8z@h 6W9lշVq'[m]Ƹ
`(x8[dsu+y M5 釖S#* ʂ׀{ ܜG[F .Z(@JA+I3dMCn>bVUٕbIHzY+uWDah`o bVw݇ѰJxdۄAEE0rg:R[Umx֕r|N0c)twgnڥ qN }oUn+/H VaR|JĐubm #Lєdk{7 8?Վ \R.]*xۀ 3lrՎEq?"p(bN {A Qj
r絔 _#;:s:4R?]s0Y%xnap(my4g<,o~r2w8DS
7&sfQr`E%&,z]zXeea啔2 PE<ݬf-䇠 CÓZ
{laﭼ\g~Rҭ@1$۸w>z2Gg8o@*4xeiL窧vߝTS`VOK@#YaɺMJn:,W!,!L, DJySW3$g d*l
ݧJorgH( kDVb!Yk@RF !3F{u9+2|q < naK'_btBT[]# 1 YD?=pβVZAt ^y4cK >yqk1vU +/PnIǔDX)u #bA@Am=7VZR/,Q hJ8UM!KӬu#2j` j%D As9mI YQ
Ușm4[!w}=hml6wxr7xlBɱ1Rbl8ړ'gʷ#KL0ѨMaVW)El('ƤMpLG?{Z=k z~uE`++1yQظ%Qr#Y).YR(L<@;-(/}Ѱ9ɧnL{.xU V,.,º00'mv%ҔR x&p/9#WXedȐ 4փF$cbh ܴn2Gss{ËճQ/>V7o|x=~˫//7W )_ WTګ Q2k5wX@H)fN+QإĠ }7/
Fet7j ci aJBA ؖK)s&}r#p{W_?!]Q&sJ}^gj9S))KIk+Z˃sŏ
w ʾصAT=x86)"awҷ'W}#Vanu N% nع!L Qq9K~_}>.KUGqYN;"~8PF&sWP,)0'
a<!dB6 v BSm
*.j ?.~'%:gp2 `K;q0CD7_sDTftcN V6orq~}ynQ8)(:B$̲xu ʼnQ<1'I!QRbQZGDnڽ}fށBט
iN r23P>vA(H)^l5u:d97X+άj[221
$< vHO65C+5cmvuX$܊*ŧjA.i A˦0i*x Nx6sf#BW%
)zт6Iޖ7EKW]2a r[뀰ήVt9gTFD'0ޚ/K! )O &S7{ LQ3Sq-dt~69fnICn+sM4)}3[Cg&$ݦ^gkUG%ij,}gA/$#5᷌
"v/=* ҆+uPeҳX # #o Je*d_l]%d9?Zy
7Qfv=Sa+ KنBKv 7+P}E) qVUM
90@FX ภSH|"J>kUfYf&PƮ 8oMI!QAj\ܲpJ0 } 'm|<ҁͫ&uS!}fu!#[+Ԭh
nujn# Rey~6٥m wK4-0kPϢ ƋVA WתDGC%K [$ Y1\
9{ 0r|5x|׆ix4;F٭l9VOegmfNbLjE*7L:\nn`M3e"hTKG90\l]gbq:JszH kxJIL')̏/Ϲs wLT| \ p
J_7TVZχxΤ"uub:G9~|JYG,o_oagLI2߫ г6#6}oshb66Y2繳GLOvdɠrHJ)[=8҉3 wذj(8FמK/q9۞<)9adU(+[- vO^SK
v~ :`QxUЖq,itn+>Z̅ٿ2a2͚XY'^0-駜tZ0?j;v٫
+c"Y옛u\cY)ɹ? I*䯒 ULÊsv۫{|tYTM[Xd˔
;eud:ȌW .Sp3 %c, fyTEY+HoS 1'XH: 68/3܊Znt?eGȥީq#5踔 &<:
*M{@t йCѺf13],Vh 䪣[7Iv\,)#IR Q_rDOtJi~M A9dɷ8tY7G)ȗժ0sɆ Ӝa
%9{YfJÁ`b;#DXeMR H۽~]2vc{,U[aޥ8˰1GP{=ﳯ yo8g]FZo4ڄL!r/)gƶ* %bPYĹ2q0-nO'xҎ?%%> z*.qn8 ("YuK%(1qd6 0c
\0X6!˹e.:mBg"-%UU1S^y4 ̣U|EcU'^A^{E -xyf&Orⵌ;#_),XoȳP̙ٲL!s2ցYH{*9鶁F
ITU][5IH φ.+ rL "a/JFb.`$JPL\3JoKRGnص{63
9? YZ
Enjoying the preview?
Page 1 of 1