Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5
Ebook1,013 pages20 hours
A History of Medieval Spain
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
4/5
()
About this ebook
This book is a comprehensive narrative history based on an impressively wide reading in the sources and secondary literature. It should prove useful to teachers, students, and general readers in European history.... Soundly traditional in its organization, it gives primacy to political events without neglecting institutional, social, and cultural matters.―American Historical Review
Illustrations, genealogical charts, maps, and an extensive bibliography round out a book that will be welcomed by scholars and students of Spanish and Portuguese history and literature, as well as by medievalists, as the fullest account to date of Spanish history in the Middle Ages.
Medieval Spain is brilliantly recreated, in all its variety and richness, in this comprehensive survey. Likely to become the standard work in English, the book treats the entire Iberian Peninsula and all the people who inhabited it, from the coming of the Visigoths in the fifth century to the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. Integrating a wealth of information about the diverse peoples, institutions, religions, and customs that flourished in the states that are now Spain and Portugal, Joseph F. O'Callaghan focuses on the continuing attempts to impose political unity on the peninsula.
O'Callaghan divides his story into five compact historical periods and discusses political, social, economic, and cultural developments in each period. By treating states together, he is able to put into proper perspective the relationships among them, their similarities and differences, and the continuity of development from one period to the next. He gives proper attention to Spain's contacts with the rest of the medieval world, but his main concern is with the events and institutions on the peninsula itself.
Author
Joseph F. O'Callaghan
Joseph F. O'Callaghan is Professor Emeritus of History at Fordham University, and the author of numerous volumes on the history of medieval Spain—including his groundbreaking A History of Medieval Spain (New York, 1975). His most recent work includes a trilogy of studies investigating the complex nature of crusading in medieval Spain (Philadelphia, 2003‒2014).
Read more from Joseph F. O'callaghan
A History of Medieval Spain Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Alfonso X, the Justinian of His Age: Law and Justice in Thirteenth-Century Castile Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Last Crusade in the West: Castile and the Conquest of Granada Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Related to A History of Medieval Spain
Related ebooks
The Later Renaissance Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Queen's Hand: Power and Authority in the Reign of Berenguela of Castile Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSouls under Siege: Stories of War, Plague, and Confession in Fourteenth-Century Provence Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA Jewish Renaissance in Fifteenth-Century Spain Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Rise of the Spanish Empire Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRulers of India: Albuquerque Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSlavery in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Friar of Carcassonne: Revolt Against the Inquisition in the Last Days of the Cathars Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Twilight of the Goths: The Kingdom of Toledo, c. 565-711 Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5In and Of the Mediterranean: Medieval and Early Modern Iberian Studies Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsConquest: The English Kingdom of France, 1417–1450 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Vanished World: Medieval Spain's Golden Age of Enlightenment Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Cambridge Medieval History - Book XI: The Holy Roman Empire Triumphant Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Other Side of Empire: Just War in the Mediterranean and the Rise of Early Modern Spain Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Life of Rodrigo Borgia Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Cossack War Against Poland 1648 - 1651 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Knights Templar in Yorkshire Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSpices, Scents and Silk: Catalysts of World Trade Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWomen and Aristocratic Culture in the Carolingian World Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsEngland, France and Aquitaine: From Victory to Defeat in the Hundred Years War Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Thirty Years War Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Medieval Economy of Salvation: Charity, Commerce, and the Rise of the Hospital Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA History of Spain Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Jean de Saintré: A Late Medieval Education in Love and Chivalry Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Last Years of the Teutonic Knights: Lithuania, Poland and the Teutonic Order Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Cambridge Medieval History - Book XII: The Viking Invasions, the Kingdom of England, and the Western Caliphate Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA History of Germany in the Middle Ages Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Last White Rose Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
European History For You
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Time Traveler's Guide to Medieval England: A Handbook for Visitors to the Fourteenth Century Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Oscar Wilde: The Unrepentant Years Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Dry: A Memoir Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Masters of the Air: America's Bomber Boys Who Fought the Air War Against Nazi Germany Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Quite Nice and Fairly Accurate Good Omens Script Book: The Script Book Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Gulag Archipelago [Volume 1]: An Experiment in Literary Investigation Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Anglo-Saxons: A History of the Beginnings of England: 400 – 1066 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Mein Kampf: English Translation of Mein Kamphf - Mein Kampt - Mein Kamphf Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Killing England: The Brutal Struggle for American Independence Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Finding Freedom: Harry and Meghan and the Making of a Modern Royal Family Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Anarchy: The East India Company, Corporate Violence, and the Pillage of an Empire Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Law Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Celtic Mythology: A Concise Guide to the Gods, Sagas and Beliefs Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Putin's People: How the KGB Took Back Russia and Then Took On the West Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Faithful Spy: Dietrich Bonhoeffer and the Plot to Kill Hitler Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith and Love Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Rise of the Fourth Reich: The Secret Societies That Threaten to Take Over America Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Mein Kampf: The Original, Accurate, and Complete English Translation Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Forgotten Slave Trade: The White European Slaves of Islam Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Jane Austen: The Complete Novels Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5A Victorian Lady's Guide to Fashion and Beauty Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Book of English Magic Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Forgotten Highlander: An Incredible WWII Story of Survival in the Pacific Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Greek Mythology: Captivating Stories of the Ancient Olympians and Titans: Heroes and Gods, Ancient Myths Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Psychedelic Gospels: The Secret History of Hallucinogens in Christianity Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Story of the Trapp Family Singers Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5
Related podcast episodes
30YearsWar: 17th Century Warfare Episode 14: War In All Worlds 0% found this document usefulMuslim Spain: Melvyn Bragg examines Muslim Spain, from Cordoba’s golden age to the fall of Granada. 0% found this document usefulMuslim Spain: Melvyn Bragg examines Muslim Spain, from Cordoba’s golden age to the fall of Granada. 0% found this document useful30YearsWar #66: A Tale of Two Crowns [1639-40]: A Tale of Two Crowns 0% found this document usefulHow Inbred were the Habsburgs? 2/2: The Austrian Line 0% found this document useful30YearsWar #13: "The Pax Hispania": The Pax Hispania 0% found this document usefulEl primer Inca 0% found this document useful30YearsWar #78: Alsace and Pomerania [1646-1647]: Alsace and Pomerania 0% found this document useful30YearsWar: #5 - 'The Triumphs of Peace': The Triumphs of Peace 0% found this document useful
Related articles
Blanche Of Castile Medieval Warfare MagazineArticle
Blanche Of Castile
May 5, 2023
lanche of Castile proved a remarkable queen regent of France during the minority of Louis IX from 1226 to 1234, and then again during Louis IX’s crusade between 1248 and Blanche’s death in 1252. Blanche was arguably the most successful woman ruler of
8 min readCatalonia BBC World Histories MagazineArticle
Catalonia
Feb 27, 2020
Experts explore the historical and contemporary challenges facing four parts of the world that have aimed for statehood The Spanish political crisis provoked by Catalonia’s ongoing push for independence has yet to be resolved – and has already had a
4 min readThe Age Of Transformation BBC History MagazineArticle
The Age Of Transformation
Jan 19, 2023
9 min readBefore the Fire… 1571 Stamp CollectorArticle
Before the Fire… 1571
May 8, 2020
2 min readTraveling Through Spain As It Grapples With Its Fascist Past Literary HubArticle
Traveling Through Spain As It Grapples With Its Fascist Past
Jul 13, 2020
13 min readEverything You Wanted To Know About... Medieval Queens And Image History RevealedArticle
Everything You Wanted To Know About... Medieval Queens And Image
Feb 18, 2021
Q: What behaviours were expected of medieval queens? A: I always summarise them as the four goods and the three Ps. Essentially, queens were expected to be the ultimate ‘good woman’ – a model of virtuous behaviour. They were expected to be good wi
6 min readWELCOME TO Spain Faces People, Places, and World Culture for Kids and ChildrenArticle
WELCOME TO Spain
Feb 1, 2023
3 min readThe African who transformed Anglo-Saxon England BBC History MagazineArticle
The African who transformed Anglo-Saxon England
Sep 3, 2020
6 min readMedieval Masterclass Family Tree UKArticle
Medieval Masterclass
Apr 14, 2023
14 min readAcquiring Books For The Greatest Libraries In The World Literary HubArticle
Acquiring Books For The Greatest Libraries In The World
Feb 23, 2018
8 min readThe Map That Opened Up Southeast Asia ASIAN GeographicArticle
The Map That Opened Up Southeast Asia
Aug 7, 2018
The Portuguese Empire was one of the largest in world history, spanning nearly six centuries, between 1415 and 1999. From the 15th century, the Portuguese also colonised Asia and they would dominate trade in the region for nearly 100 years. Their mon
3 min readCulture Chronicle New Zealand ListenerArticle
Culture Chronicle
Jul 4, 2021
7 min readWho Were The Black Tudors? All About HistoryArticle
Who Were The Black Tudors?
Oct 8, 2020
8 min readPlots, Pikes, Plague And Puritans Who Do You Think You Are?Article
Plots, Pikes, Plague And Puritans
Feb 9, 2021
6 min readCulture Shock The American ScholarArticle
Culture Shock
Mar 1, 2023
In his essay “Of Cannibals” (c. 1580), Montaigne talks of meeting, in Rouen in 1562, three indigenous men from Tupinambá, Brazil. They had been brought to entertain King Charles IX, who at the time was just 12 years old. Traveling through Europe, the
5 min readPost-colonial Bad Jokes The Critic MagazineArticle
Post-colonial Bad Jokes
Mar 25, 2021
5 min readNew Light On The Dark Ages BBC History MagazineArticle
New Light On The Dark Ages
Jun 9, 2022
8 min readThe First Scottish Enlightenment: Part 1 History ScotlandArticle
The First Scottish Enlightenment: Part 1
Feb 12, 2022
12 min readTaking The Grand Tour All About HistoryArticle
Taking The Grand Tour
May 18, 2023
4 min readReviews Who Do You Think You Are?Article
Reviews
Jul 27, 2021
4 min read'Sea People' Examines The Origins And History Of Polynesia NPRArticle
'Sea People' Examines The Origins And History Of Polynesia
Mar 13, 2019
Christina Thompson deftly weaves her fascinating narrative of European travels and attempts to understand the Polynesian puzzle in her new book, though European colonization is not fully addressed.
3 min read“Indigenous Americans Who Travelled Across The Atlantic Were Horrified By Inequalities In European Society” BBC History MagazineArticle
“Indigenous Americans Who Travelled Across The Atlantic Were Horrified By Inequalities In European Society”
Jan 19, 2023
9 min readThe State Of It Woman's Day Magazine NZArticle
The State Of It
Sep 12, 2021
6 min read“We Have Believed The Normans’ View Of Themselves For Too Long” BBC History MagazineArticle
“We Have Believed The Normans’ View Of Themselves For Too Long”
Feb 17, 2022
David Musgrove: To quote from your introduction, “This book is concerned chiefly with the Normans’ explosive rise to power, their establishment in Normandy, and their 11th-century conquests.” Can you briefly chart that story for us? Judith Green: The
9 min readThe State Of It New Zealand ListenerArticle
The State Of It
Sep 12, 2021
6 min read"The World In Which Chaucer Moved Was Very Outward-looking" BBC History MagazineArticle
"The World In Which Chaucer Moved Was Very Outward-looking"
Jun 11, 2020
7 min readAztecs in Their Own Words BBC World Histories MagazineArticle
Aztecs in Their Own Words
Feb 27, 2020
7 min read“England Was Seen As A Pariah State, Ruled By Regicidal Rebels Who’d Publicly Executed Their King” BBC History MagazineArticle
“England Was Seen As A Pariah State, Ruled By Regicidal Rebels Who’d Publicly Executed Their King”
Sep 30, 2021
ON THE HistoryExtra PODCAST Devil-Land: England Under Siege 1588-1688 by Clare Jackson (Allen Lane, 688 pages, £35) Ellie CawtHorne: Devil-Land looks at England from 1588 to 1688. Why do you think this is such a fascinating 100-year period of English
9 min readWhere Will Your Reading Take You? Family Tree UKArticle
Where Will Your Reading Take You?
Mar 10, 2023
by Susan Ronald An intriguing study of the male and female ‘influencers and enablers’ who actively worked towards blinding Britain, the US and even Germany to what Adolf Hitler and his accomplices were planning, and enacting, in the years before and
5 min read“There’s Still This Hangover That Everything Has To Be Seen Through The Prism Of Enslavement” BBC History MagazineArticle
“There’s Still This Hangover That Everything Has To Be Seen Through The Prism Of Enslavement”
Sep 1, 2022
African and Caribbean People in Britain: A History by Hakim Adi (Allen Lane, 688 pages, £30) Rhiannon Davies: Your new book covers African and Caribbean people in Britain from Roman times right up to the 21st century. Why did you decide to focus on s
9 min read
Related categories
Reviews for A History of Medieval Spain
Rating: 3.89999993 out of 5 stars
4/5
10 ratings1 review
- Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5This is amazingly encyclopedic account of the history of the Iberian peninsula from Visigothic times to the end of the 15th century. While it may be getting a little dated, its narrative of the development of the kingdoms, societies and cultures of the region holds together thanks to Joseph O'Callaghan's clarity and his command of the sources. This is a book from which a reader can profit either by reading it cover-to-cover or by dipping into its clearly-delineated chapters, each of which can stand alone as a mini-essay on their topic. If you're looking for a book on Spain during the Middle Ages, this is definitely an excellent place to start.
Book preview
A History of Medieval Spain - Joseph F. O'Callaghan
/Oa book_preview_excerpt.html }˒ Wݯ0KVU ((+$ a[73Hģ
VZF^62_"?`K&n#*3 _ ͯW5 ׇr?/cߵ
Czwݸ7w})ߖC7z={⇏_ut(v?L0ԇPa.c8Џ~5?⧩i" -~ TTPp }W+X[x%Os_ʵ˺mN(J_/7B>z z8_w]7U1tEU+Q|w8}w|=Uׇom4aU`~v}]"+]|˲U/w?v vWul O˷vz;esqOQֱxe5kyWm/'."~X}CQmh;nl{˦XPwU\ )[XdnmM~gڮw e/l[k/Vxgy~ofw|RQ ! nu)sVa06 Wk_| c
+x膱8vwNVK X+CGٟEN_XCjAP_Q6 ߓ55j_`eG-AGI-1Ar3 Jy*DN4nܗxyMK߆mz/,l-VIX>2G(pa_ Uŝ#ϐ$|Bc#s/+rXW l^Mu~1~ô>W,ޕhFM(
m^R8.}'G/Q} Sˁl<
PI\tVE#1͊ØZokM0[{\x
z̔MaȂT, hĽUVŹ UmwׄjgZ؉[FQnX IѱRTe'߇h?h!Z]4Y!\rJQGWZ=\twmTܾ˧s6zp@ؒ/ ZҭN.J9V>At kHbp V\Vpt
¡ CN.% WTCq͆XiJG Up3o§kΤuQɐuLt+܁hLOgKɳ~U* e4n!q/QE*k %71QťR?}M 0҉DtmJVL$9Wn3^6To Wn.w%ߋlFaPt: G P`Yze~[ 7?gD%IDTꗊvmڕcԺV&:Pws<~tS`1EPQOw=vMk"z_a'f8K^E LK..h +Jľ ]+O.?ղoS)^И|+OLV$qaAŷ?n^(
"pta ?{^sl|`Iqn+5W1hcH}y8ѢS~ i˚K5N_b𡖣u/%~}p)UŚc\;~#}1K"P98ⱇxGӡ!k>:g8U.$,_{7ݙQX-BqUc~*% -4˧/'!Bz="#(t.S4V컕\̞P0pS_B{aϾnݶ ysn* xAQQ! c߉ۼpݪ{%> bh\&YnqEUlvc<'5\ټwj ]3M\OVB]]S]=pVWTrV͐xeZOQӨNte\a:j@#oxH] _2
F ܛ_v]WyzH* ?T Wb[, n\Z6}Y3mv ͦf t` "MIǘi3Te0SL:TvAc|yʕw~Z$qzA\S6yna2#Gqi\ۛBDEѿ|kQY|oڦUvRx!ة\ݟ1Ũ vmҷf <ۻ, KiԂo4Odi||
bC+혖[#TD&9! Zf[xe"[R$]@eDF\~S 7n+{Zz~YNc z6OFTr7cu{Q Kw[5ԋ_K 572SYE]i\~<z4vfa P0O0'&?U`Ѝ% <E[jx,fb ,#ab[s 19PռeyFUS7.k<(IOV|=~uGr ׂY
O!
d9λ<~~JS{![Y}77Ry#*V}DsQx: `ُFy4}jɳ-* { KΆh?
qB"ȉ"X hAXVo1s|9m]Wݑ,RVNǻW s DmcN<γZxe)sS $J #7qL`:htWI no& u𡅱,1GA."Or/!u^! {+!"/g;?DZBt9mhk,HK'Qè'аK>ntWe1AŻ_unC棤hמZ D*M5t%f |p{^}a;VӐ *JcZ={:h
2CpQA}hEg+V ֥ǛX`,MdVKkj:gvQ_%m4ÑOY}_wMb^t&W3 u̾ SVYh^\ވN*.j -gRDmڲo:飁;nC
ۤgx< e^AlO9%눒JRV DTͱ5T(7pvQNMg~sZeA
O8Uؽ'_"V~t1V A=p a@%5ʩo6e is+SU !k`b`pܮϒ:МG`C'vC7R5 ]*+Vp@_eKX +.Lp%XzL!>-1Ȱ2滖 Jn7 +,VËL8
\=؈ب/6*zh ΏSdꀞgSZr
{|V"Q77f(2W;O\V`5a1KTYjeӉcqx1sMwDpg na ~$MMOf f~Uvk!wMQ;D N 7z]9?| XafŚ5݅("D c=)gw}[S@50á74ܥʚ%'ճG>hM7'1 ^s{βƙ?uT 'm
0kAUex
" :3 g26˚DtP6RX ij6؟9*ݟ/AVcH
pm~/ȟnv&KnOmU]6*c.cJoF#s<^%sa1(/db
yʰ hT1e1cϨ+:1&uȝWS)Tߦp?ߛ*~FK}mm:rs)P|S jPZ*#hD`1
b! Nm2uo+oj|cdhij
o߅ʢ`c9n#yNoL#0E)ώEbz$8gxOM9,]2tIK굩'rZ)3NŦs?KE Va`n:Bjb>8 I< 6v :L Cf0k,DWNu8܍g-8t[b=D.(ŝ (gp^i7AYէaU)C Rx\s+< 7t[+={l 6b#L蚼ogީE9@<V/8i%KiH
`݅F˔)
KY,PIԉ@Ƕ.탺kB(_,zM$NZka(r!އ ~_Mb5Y[yj틳 B K?`uTDxuND͞+Ů3<>jMV@eB^/r$2 U6sH}'/o5tBڭx"բTIT C<
pO[0W./if:uQ e~&JbМx%11 7Or 2. <,l(Y.+ g]u) /SۿkNtvm6Mi $:͎tY봤A
21T y5#ߏysfx i$Lj7.~=>飿D=/ `ZI(;_W ,RG#(Di]sۚ`2( r b #(+Rŭ_Y (rڱ\L.!_{f7^|PJFZlqg 'ǰu ꏞsg
vo1A+~(ouzmx e*Nږ"n{
RR|MSu$Ky^2'{}mP>Eal۶sU)(;zDo(Sn, VeۊslҳC'GԂ;F32sC
6f
\w45^
{bLƷdF$ZU_oˊާ賤)4XкIY^;
N_C<[Lz an
ErH@cj(C=\Z8X9tcnSA ZYV @Kv?Y &n=-bm3K$k[<,! Uo[FYL)ʆl}0P 6ҳ
Uf
S[e?+QҾ$%xXHH8(TtnQ RїǺJ} ļYĉ: /z9^hցM $'@cӋl'o}v`#1Xx7K&'s5'O2M$uuyr*mBb ?'$v[IO!zL 7>+U̾OGͣNl ǩ:Xc)T1j3A$ܫw-{¥9aK.k!!TCjx81OWخô80!܊bE Poyk-J); c>o*Q 8r,rCRot=5b't cuhC]BV:.6flMMۘT"R4*c@{
S1H@Ho,p gܟ+۔H*R)Qyo.)Tٹ_im""kmO_~mrTm,
q[[b婰n(#J(.5Z<5蜳j4w
IJerJ-zM -'hX/x$Ľ*Sbce!Ʈ {
T.ۏuPMq.pc,$iY't7mť.ڕ[nG$d1HI /-+ A&$ VS'TSаYiE-!JJ~ ,G|J 2B| +nLx@@x]"u6k\8f'z+ؕ,^`aJ̓G(K~xG 2,2&*!KH$Q*P>|t 8C9_>/ yk
-r`QiDSU <i *SxGE2`qP402
"7c6h&LlXߗC`!VƌHtnu9f;w
0^ !1MJw7Y.rLN)Oh ETE f
oז|ޒM}9ܑTY>c]3 Pc[Z6,o!AE)WN[ۚ%D8iVInޛkGO"N v
yHo5à$h]h63>[I`=[ipm#*%D_8U*Pq GԐ ZOYsbZud&xo .(n ݜʈ8e * 1"Vmtv(Pn)X0 `5t H %* >1
F31@v 樞gvY / ⍫xXht긖p&{|vQJPp>,QOQJ@dY T}dX&r] =X,yު*X}Reh, ,{9xqrtLϖCAE ʀe1Z8]y+KٍGAÓp7%,ρxd繦(,*Ox^Y77$v3,9Tj~Z
WlI(w6ZZ~B] hv*?Y^r@~ eQ ٚF]N:^͚ ;vݢZVv`Ŕ]u֢8*p#t> HӕszV; wG'tNl=P"{5h}\~O18Q3Y}h>X Ufj8 OfƟþ6L4k7 x %۔)}i^UmeUB 2Mpl/ʥ`B9KBj:8لB VzV
4gn{}; }]6$p.[ɷ\$<\(od;$6R gGPZww@8~N볱 1c ש=yYۇi98 ڎЮ&zq\0WX(H_q5vSPO=cZJ4Y_Xf)܉|Yήu"l/Rӏ?|]
V/EOBH8I: dk۰g$&I o Lޜ)b XӒ 5
iG8j]`҈A}_#[MBv@b $Ft:1`Tψ\E_ԐF <6'xs#sp" GO
ۉ1cVBG5WurPrUgE-Lp} S@Bcn7%r
Enjoying the preview?
Page 1 of 1