Silver Nanoparticles: Properties, Synthesis Techniques, Characterizations, Antibacterial and Anticancer Studies

By Shweta Rajawat and M. M. Malik

This monograph introduces historical background of silver and narrates exhaustive literature review conducted during the research. It gives details about the existing physical, chemical and biological approaches. It also mentions innovative green synthesis methods, designed to render pure silver nanoparticles, and their characterization results. The green synthesis methods replace hazardous chemicals by environment friendly products using principles of green chemistry. The monograph includes the study of the effect of the current, temperature, strength of the precursor, reducing/capping agents and their concentration on the morphology of nanoparticles and the nanostructures. The findings of the tests conducted for antibacterial properties show almost 100% killing efficiency against E. coli, S. Aureus, S. Typhi and P. Aeruginosa. In case of in-vitro testing for anti-cancer properties, 80–98% killing efficiency for MC F-7 Breast cancer cell lines and He-La cervical cancer cell lines were noticed. The as-synthesized silver nanoparticles finds wide applications in the field of medicine, especially targeted drug delivery.

• Language: English
• Publisher: ASME Press
• Release date: Feb 2, 2018
• ISBN: 9780791861769

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Rajawat Shweta, Malik M.M., author.

Title: Silver nanoparticles : properties, synthesis techniques, characterizations, antibacterial and anticancer studies / Shweta Rajawat and M.M. Malik.

Description: New York : ASME Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references.

Identifiers: LCCN 2017052413 | ISBN 9780791860458

Subjects: LCSH: Silver. | Nanoparticles. | Silver--Health aspects. | Silver--Therapeutic use.

Classification: LCC TA480.S5 R35 2018 | DDC 620.1/8923--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017052413

Series Editors’ Preface

Biomedical and Nanomedical Technologies (B&NT)

This concise monograph series focuses on the implementation of various engineering principles in the conception, design, development, analysis and operation of biomedical, biotechnological and nanotechnology systems and applications. The primary objective of the series is to compile the latest research topics in biomedical and nanomedical technologies, specifically devices and materials.

Each volume comprises a collection of invited manuscripts, written in an accessible manner and of a concise and manageable length. These timely collections will provide an invaluable resource for initial enquiries about technologies, encapsulating the latest developments and applications with reference sources for further detailed information. The content and format have been specifically designed to stimulate further advances and applications of these technologies by reaching out to the non-specialist across a broad audience.

Contributions to Biomedical and Nanomedical Technologies will inspire interest in further research and development using these technologies and encourage other potential applications. This will foster the advancement of biomedical and nanomedical applications, ultimately improving healthcare delivery.

Editor:

Ahmed Al-Jumaily, PhD, Professor of biomechanical Engineering & director of the Institute of biomedical technologies, Auckland University of technology.

Associate Editors:

Christopher H.M. Jenkins, PhD, PE, Professor and Head, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, Montana State University.

Said Jahanmir, PhD, President & CEO, MiTiHeart Corporation.

Shanzhong (Shawn) Duan, PhD, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota State University.

Conrad M. Zapanta, PhD, Associate Department Head of Biomedical Engineering, Teaching Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University.

William J. Weiss, PhD, Professor of Surgery and Bioengineering, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University.

Dedicated to Dr. M. S. Qureshi, Retd. Professor, Department of Physics MANIT, Bhopal.

Dr. Qureshi has been a meritorious student right from the start of his education. He received National Merit Scholarship from Higher Secondary to Post Graduation, as he had earned 30th position in the merit list of the M.P. Board of Secondary Education. He did his B.Sc. with merit from Vikram University, Ujjain M.P., India. He got his M.Sc. (Physics) degree with specialization in X-Ray diffraction from Motilal Vigyan Mahavidhyalay, Barkatullah University, Bhopal. In 1969, he received a Gold Medal from the former Prime Minister of India, Late Shrimati Indira Gandhi, for first position among the whole faculty of science of Vikram University, Ujjain, M.P. India.

He started his research work under Junior Research Fellowship of Council of Scientific Research, India, at Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), under the guidance of Dr. C.S. Bhatnagar in 1969. He joined MANIT as lecturer in 1971. He was awarded PhD degree in 1975. At the time of the award, he had 17 research publications to his credit on various aspects of Magneto-electrets, published and read at International conferences, IEEE at Miami, Florida, Bureau of Standards, Gettysburg and Institute of Chemical Physics, Osaka, Japan.

Dr. Qureshi visited Libya as Associate Professor at Azzawia Faculty of Education of Alfateh University. He initiated research work on electrets and was involved in organising First Libyan conference in Physics, Tripoli 1988.

Back in India he worked on Luminescence and Nanotechnology. One of the greatest achievements of Dr. Qureshi is the development of Phenomenological Theory of Magneto-Electrects. He retired in 2013 as Professor, Department of Physics, MANIT, Bhopal. He guided 20 PhD students. He also has to his credit some pioneer work on preparation, characterization and application of silver and copper nanoparticles.

Table of Contents

Series Editors’ Preface

Preface

Acknowledgements

Abstract

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2 Properties of silver nanoparticles

1.2.1 Diameter, surface area, and volume

1.2.2 Shape and crystallinity

1.2.3 Stabilization of silver nanoparticles against agglomeration

1.2.4 Antibacterial, anticancer and antiviral properties

of silver nanoparticles

1.2.5 Synthesis approaches

1.3 Brief introduction of the present research

2. Literature review

2.1 Synthesis processes

2.1.1 Physical approaches

2.1.2 Chemical approaches

2.1.3 Biological approaches

3. Materials and methods of synthesis

3.1 Black tea leaves extract

3.2 Garlic extract

3.3 Onion extract

3.4 Method I: Electrolytic deposition of silver nanoparticles

based on principles of green chemistry

3.5 Method II: Tollens method using green technology

3.6 Method III: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by

electrolytic deposition of X-Ray films

3.7 Method IV: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using

X-Ray films

3.8 Method V: Green deposition of silver nanoparticles on iron

nails using electronegative property

4. Results and discussion

4.1 Method I: Electrolytic deposition of silver nanoparticles

based on principles of green chemistry

4.1.1 XRD characterization for set

4.1.2 TEM characterization for set 1

4.1.3 UV-visible characterization for set 1

4.1.4 XRD characterization for set 2

4.1.5 TEM characterization of set 2

4.1.6 UV-visible characterization of set 2

4.1.7 Study of antibacterial properties

4.1.8 Anti-cancer studies

4.1.9 XRD characterization of set 3

4.1.10 TEM characterization of set 3

4.1.11 UV-visible characterization of set 3

4.1.12 XRD characterization of set

4.1.13 TEM characterization of set

4.1.14 UV-visible characterization of set

4.1.15 FTIR characterization of set

4.1.16 Anti-cancer studies

4.1.17 XRD characterization of set

4.1.18 TEM characterization of set

4.1.19 UV-visible characterization of set

4.1.20 XRD characterization of set

4.1.21 TEM characterization of set

4.1.22 UV-visible characterization of set

4.1.23 Anti-bacterial studies

4.2 Method II: Tollens method using green technology

4.2.1 XRD characterization of set

4.2.2 TEM characterization of set

4.2.3 UV-visible characterization of set

4.2.4 FTIR characterization

4.2.5 XRD characterization of set

4.2.6 TEM characterization of set

4.2.7 UV-visible characterization of set

4.2.8 XRD characterization of set

4.2.9 TEM characterization of set

4.2.10 UV-visible characterization of set

4.3 Method III: Electrolytic deposition of silver nanoparticles

using waste X-Ray films and green approach

4.3.1 XRD characterization of set

4.3.2 SEM characterization of set

4.3.3 XRD characterization of set

4.3.4 TEM characterization of set

4.3.5 UV-visible characterization of set

4.3.6 XRD characterization of set 2 (second part)

4.3.7 TEM characterization of set 2 (second part)

4.3.8 XRD characterization set

4.3.9 TEM characterization of set

4.3.10 UV-visible characterization of set

4.3.11 XRD characterization of set

4.3.12 TEM characterization of set

4.3.13 UV-visible characterization of set

4.4 Method IV: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using X-Ray films

4.4.1 XRD characterization of set

4.4.2 TEM characterization of set

4.4.3 UV-visible characterization of set

4.4.4 XRD characterization of set

4.4.5 TEM characterization of set

4.4.6 UV-visible characterization of set

4.5 Method V: Green deposition of silver nanoparticles

on iron nails using electronegative property

4.5.1 XRD characterization of set

4.5.2 TEM characterization of set

4.5.3 UV-visible charcterization of set

4.5.4 XRD characterization of set

4.5.5 TEM characterization of set

4.5.6 UV-visible characterization of set

4.5.7 XRD characterization of set

4.5.8 TEM characterization of set

4.5.9 UV-visible characterization of set

4.5.10 XRD characterization of set

4.5.11 TEM characterization of set

4.5.12 UV-visible characterization of set

5. Conclusion

References

List of figures

Author biographies

Preface

Silver nanoparticles are found to have wide applications in diverse areas like optical receptors, bio-labelling sensors, bio active materials, solar energy conversion, signal enhancers in SERS based enzyme Immunoassay [1]. Silver nano particles exhibit high antimicrobial and anti cancer activities. The fabrication of silver nanoparticles and nano structures has aroused the interest of many researchers. Various synthesis methods have also been developed.

Among the existing synthesis methods, mostly chemical methods, which involve toxic and potentially hazardous chemicals, are mostly used. The green synthesis based on green chemistry, replaces hazardous chemicals by environmental friendly products. Green Chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances. Biological methods are better substitute for the chemical procedures, because they are convenient, widely distributed along the ecological boundaries and are safe to handle.

The objective of the present work is to synthesize silver nanoparticles by the methods designed on the principles of green chemistry. The designed methods focus mainly on control over the size of the nanoparticles. This work also includes the study of the effect of current (through the circuit), temperature, strength of the precursor, reducing/capping agents and concentration of the capping agents on nanoparticles and the nanostructures. The as-synthesized silver nanoparticles are analyzed using various characterization techniques e.g. XRD, TEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy etc. This work finds application of the silver nanoparticles in biomedical field. The findings of the tests conducted for antibacterial properties show almost 100% killing efficiency against E. coli, S. Aureus, S. Typhi and P. Aeruginosa. In case of testing the samples for anti-cancer activities, the results show 80–98% growth inhibition for MCF-7 Breast Cancer cell lines and He-La cervical cancer cell lines.

The monograph contains 5 chapters. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction of silver nanoparticles, covering their properties, synthesis approaches and applications.

Chapter 2 introduces historical background of silver and narrates exhaustive literature review conducted during the research. The chapter gives details about the existing physical, chemical and biological approaches and identifies the gap in the present synthesis methods. It justifies the need and importance of the present work.

Chapter 3 gives details about the materials and the synthesis methods used in the present research work. It describes the five different methods, designed in the present research work, with varying parameters that control the morphology of the nanoparticles and nanostructures.

Chapter 4 gives the results and discussions in details regarding the as-synthesized silver nanoparticles. The results are analyzed and discussed, sequentially according to the five methods.

Chapter 5 provides summary and conclusion of the present research work and the scope of future work.

Acknowledgement

With great pleasure, we acknowledge Dr. Rajnish Kurchania, Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Dr. Fozia Zia Haque, Assistant professor, Department of Physics, MANIT for their consistent support. We also acknowledge Dr. K.K.S. Gautam, Department of Physics, MANIT for SEM and AFM characterization. We also extend thanks to our research group, specially Dr. Sonali Saha,