Ukhozi Olumaphiko

By N Saule

Yaxhuzula iveni yatsala, ndathi xa ndihlala ngeempundu, yaqhotyoshwa xhikri, ngxi yema, ndathi kuba ndingabambelelanga ndawo, ndatshibilika ndaya kubetheka entla. Ukuba yayingeyongxowa endandigungxiswe yona, ngeyayindiqwenge ndaphela inja endaya kuntlaleka kuyo phaya entla. Ndithe ndikhalima ndisithi, suka nja, yabe isitsho intsini yeziya zinja zimbini ngaphambili, incedisa ukukhonkotha kwenja eyayigqiba ukundigqavula.’

Nanku umntwana wabantu efakwe nenja emhadini wenqwelo yamapolisa. Phaya ngaphambili kule nqwelo kukho izikhohlakali ezibini, nazifanisa nezinja oku kwazo umbhali Ingaba konakele phi bethu? Wangqavulwa zizinja ngemva nangaphambili kule nqwelo lo mfana yintoni kodwa?

Khawuzifundele olu ncuthu mazangwa lwenoveli ephuma kusiba lwento kaSaule, uMvulane, Amazwembezwembe kaMfazwe ahambisa umzimba, iinwele zinge ziyancothuka xa ufunda ngeemeko ezingaginyisi mathe awayephumela phantsi kwazo lo mfana ekwidabi lokulwela inkululeko yomntu oNtsundu. Unesikhumbuzo semihla yenkohlakalo, kuba usisiqhwala ngoku kanti wayengazelwanga esiso. Ngethamsanqa ke bethu inyaniso nokulunga ziyayoyisa inkohlakalo ekugqibeleni. Kunamhlanje nje uyayingqina le nto uMfazwe xa sele ezipholele emzini wakhe, unyana wakhe edlala kamnandi nowommelwane wakhe oMhlophe.

• Language: Xhosa
• Publisher: Via Afrika
• Release date: Sep 19, 2017
• ISBN: 9781415452554

Book preview

Ndiyambulela Ophezulu ngokundipha amandla nesakhono endithe ngaso ndabalisa eli bali. Ngenkxaso nangenkuthazo yenu MaMvulane amvula zinayo, makwande. Lusaphondini lukaFononda, lukaNgwandi, lukaNgub’ayihlangani, lukaXhaka legusha, lukaKhangela, umzukulwana kaMziyedwa ondim, sisicaka senu.

Intshayelelo

Ithuba ekukudala lilindelwe lide lagaleleka ! Kaloku ndithetha ngethuba lokukhe kuhlalwe phantsi kudalwe amabali angedabi leminyaka, idabi lomzabalazo, idabi lokulwela ukukhululeka kwingcinezelo yegwangqa. Baninzi abazibone sele beziingxwelerha, ezinye zezenyama, ezinye zezomphefumlo. Ivuthuzile imimoya, yancothuka imithi neengcambu zayo, yawa imikhuthuka macalana onke, kwadliwa iinyembezi umhla nezolo.

Ngumhlaba otyebileyo lo mabandla akuthi. Iya kuqengqeleka iminyaka siwudovuda, siwuvunguza singababhali, sisabelana nabafunda ngala mabali, ngeengcinga nangeenkumbulo zamhlamnene.

Ndixelisa abaninzi ke nam ngale ncwadana, ndiyabalisa, ndibalisa into ethe yenza umfanekiso engqondweni yam. Zininzi ke izinto ezenzekileyo ezinye zazo zingangqamananga ngqo nedabi, koko zingamathole okanye izithombo zomphunga walo. Eli bali ngamazwembezwembe angakhange abe lula.

Yiyo loo nto kuya kubakho iindawana ezifuna ukuba uhambe uhambe ume, ukhangele ngasemva nangaphambili. Maze uthi xa umana usima ukhangela, ungalibali ukubhala edolweni uzokundixelela ukuba udwengeke xa kundawoni na umthungo.

Kuya kuthi ukuze kulunge, kubanjiswane, kungaxhwithwana ukuze namabali abaliswayo incasa yawo izokuvakala. Oko kukuthi, obhalileyo makafundise nabanye, avume naye ukufundiswa ngabanye. Nditsho ke iliso lam ndilijongise kwizizukulwana zona ziza kukhongozela kuthi. Masibalise ngesiXhosa, atye amaXhosa iinkobe aziqhelileyo.

Ababhali mabakhuthazane kuloo ndawo. Iimfazwe eziphambi kwale isandula ukudlula akubaliswanga nto ngazo, makubaliswe ke ngale yethu ingakumbi kuba yahlukile kwezinye, yona ize nexhoba ekhaya. Yiyo loo nto kunamhlanje nje, sekukho abamana ukwalatha, benqwala bewisa, benyola, besikhumbuza ukuba makuhlanganyelwe iincwadi, kwakhiwe isizwe.

Isizwe esingenazo iincwadi zaso ezibhalwe ngolwimi lwaso siyadelelwa zezinye izizwe. IsiXhosa lulwimi olukhaliphileyo, sikwanjalo nesizwe samaXhosa, zikwanjalo ke neencwadi zawo ukubonisa oko kuhlakanipha kwawo. Kwesi sizwe singulo Mzantsi Afrika singuwo, maluphakame ulwimi lwethu. Huntshu!!

Ndingabizanga gama lamntu, ndiyababulela bonke ababe negalalelo ngeendlela-ndela ekudaleni eli bali.

Enkonzweni yesizwe nohlanga.

Njingalwazi N. Saule

Pretoria, Tshwane

29 EyoMdumba 2008

Amanqakwana ngombhali wencwadi

UNcedile Saule ungunyana wokuqala kwabalishumi, iintombi ezine kunye namadodana amathandathu abangabantwana bakaGcubhuti unyana kaMziyedwa kaSaule noNovenile intombi kaHenene uMkhuma noMaDlamini intombi kaNjameni. Ukhulela kweziya ntaba zeNkonkobe apho ooyisemkhulu boyiswa khona ezimfazweni nabelungu phantsi kwenkosi yabo uMaqoma, AA! Jongumsobomvu, bathi ngokoyikela ukuhamba befuna iindawo, bazenza izicaka kubelungu owabelwa bona loo mhlaba ngurhulumente welo xesha. Umlambo uGubu uhla ezintabeni, uhlangane neXokoxa neDidima, ihlangane yenze iKhobonqaba, lona liyokugalela eNxuba, liqukuqele ukuya elwandle, imixewuka, imiwewe, iingxondorha, amawa neengqolo ebisakuzingela kuyo int’enkulu.

Uqale izikolo zamabanga asezantsi eBhofolo, eDrayini phantsi kwentonga kaSonqishe uGcwanini naseTinis kwaGontsi, wadlula apho kuswazi olumaqhina lukaMakana uGatyeni, wathi xha kancinci eHigher Mission esenza ibanga lesithandathu kwisabhokhwe sento kaMatshoba uGqugqugqu, watsiba nje ucingo wadlulela eLawson Secondary School, kwivumba leentyatyambo zento kaZantsi uMchweli weentonga ezitsolo, iBhele elikhulu.

Ibanga lematriki ulenze eFreemantle High School phantsi kweentaba zakuBangindlala. EFort Hare uphumelele enomsila eyongezelelweyo. Intsebenzo imdudulele e-Unisa apho axelenge efunda wada waba yinjingalwazi. Ungene ke wagrumba italente ekubhaleni. Inoveli yakhe yokuqala Unyana womntu ilibone ilanga ngowe-1989, yaza kuthi le yesine yaba Ukhozi olumaphiko neyaphumelela ukhuphiswano lweenoveli iMNET Book Prize ngowe-1997. Ikhule yanyenyela ke, kangangento yokuba zibalwa zide zidlule eshumini iincwadi azibhalileyo uSaule lo.

Ngumdlali ophambili wombhoxo, iqakamba nentenetya nembaleki eqhumisela ezinye ngothuli ngeemini awayesakuba nemitsi ngazo. Ukufunda iincwadi ezibhalwe ngesiXhosa, ukubhala nokufundisa abanye ukubhala ukuthanda egazini. Ibali ukuze ibe libali kufuneka libe nobomi, liphefumle impilo yomntu, utsho xa agadlelayo.

1. Isishwankathelo sencwadi UKHOZI OLUMAPHIKO:

Ibali elivutha amadangatye, ibali elingoMfazwe umCirha wakwaQaka, umfundisi-ntsapho, ozibona sele esenkathazweni yokujamelana nomthetho wocalucalulo. Ngelakhe uthi ufundisa abantwana nabantu jikelele ngamalungelo abo, wasuka wantanywa. Akuba ebanjiwe kwaphandwa kufumaniseka ukuba akanabungozi, uyakhwetywa ke ukuba abe nguntamnani eza kunikwa imali efana nemali, uyala ngetshikikazi enkulu, kanti uzinqikela ilitye elineembovane.

Amapolisa amthumela ngoFriday enye impimpi ukuba imcime igama emva kokuba esasaze into yokuba uMfazwe lowo yenkulu inyoka. Apho kwaQaka akukho mntu ungamakhelanga mkhanya, nkqu nabantu abadala ooGaba nooCwerhakazi. Ukumenza ikheswa, uFriday umahlukanisa nesithandwa sakhe uNokuzola. Uyazama ukulihlamba igama lakhe uMfazwe, kodwa iimeko ziyamkhulela ingakumbi akubhaqa into yokuba uFriday ngumbulali. Isenzo sikaFriday simsulela ngetyala lokubulala.

UMfundisi uHlathi ucebisa ukuba inye indlela yokuzisindisa kukuwela imida yeli axelise abaninzi. Ngeso sizathu uMfazwe uyabhaca alinikele umva elakowabo eshiya emva idolophana yakhe iBholo ivutha ngumlilo wabavukeli-mbuso. Uyamncama uNokuzola, kodwa intiyo yokumphuluka imsebenza engqondweni, imenze olona tshaba lwakhe. Uyazohlwaya ngokuthandana noNokuzola. Ekuhambeni kwakhe, kulumekeka intlantsi yothando kuCikizwa intombi yenkosi uZamlandela waseMhlabiso ekwalitshantliziyo lomzabalazo. Ukuqhwesha kukaMfazwe akukhange kube lula kuba amapolisa ayamzingela, kodwa ngethamsanqa uyasinda ekubanjweni nasekubulaweni endleleni ade ayokuzibona egaxeleka kwinkampu yombutho iNtsimb’ebomvu kwelaBaThwa. Kwenzeka oko emva kwamazwembezwembe kaGxuluwe. Kwindlela yakhe enamanzithinzithi usindiswa lufele lomzingeli kunye neminyanya yakhe. Ngaphezu koko akayeki ukuyicela iNkosi ukuba imphe amandla ukuze akwazi ukubuya azokuziphindezela kuFriday nabo bonke abafana naye ngeentliziyo ukungcola. Akasindi kuphele ke noko kuba kwelinye idabi uyachanwa emlenzeni, lo uqhwalelayo ngoku.

Xa sele kumbovu ukuba kubuywe emazweni, iMthontsi itshatyalaliswa yihelikopta yomkhosi waseMzantsi Afrika kufe abaninzi. Emva koku iimbacu zibuyela emakhaya, yena sele etyunjelwe ukuba ngomnye wabazakuzela imibutho yomzabalazo kuthethathethwano lweentlanga zeli norhulumente wocalucalulo. Iba buhlungu ibe lihlwili intliziyo yakhe akufumanisa ezileteni zikaNokuzola ukuba wamdlela indlala engenatyala. Abazali bakhe nabo ufika kusithiwa kurhanelwa ukuba babulawa bangcwatywa apho kungazi mntu. Xa sele lixolile ufumana isikhundla sokuba yijaji, elinye lamatyala awachophelayo lelikaFriday intambo yobuqhophololo imrhintyele.

1.1 Ukuhlalutywa kwenoveli

Inoveli libali elide elibaliswa ngezahluko ezithungelanayo. Ezi zahluko ziqulathe izehlo ngezehlo ezingumqolo webali. Ibali libaliswa kusetyenziswa abantu abaziwa njengabalinganiswa. Lithi ukuze ibali libe nomdla bathelekiswe abalinganiswa ngokwamandla nokukhawuleza kwengqondo abakunikwe ngumbhali.

Liba namahla ndinyuka aphehla umdla, ukuyeka kwamahla-ndinyuka kukuphela kwebali. Iinoveli zahlulwa ngolu hlobo: inovelana engaba namaphepha ali-100; inoveli emfutshane engaba namaphepha ali- 120; inoveli yesiqhelo engaba namaphepha ali-150; inoveli ende engaba namaphepha angama – 200 nenoveli endekazi engaba namaphepha angama – 350 – 600.

1.2 Amanqaku aphambili xa kuphononongwa inoveli

1.2.1. Umxholo

Iingcali kuhlalutyo lwenoveli ziwubuza kuqala umbuzo othi: uthini umxholo wale noveli? Xa ewuphendula omnye uye aqale ngokubalisa ukuba ibali lingantoni na okanye athethe ngabantu abanomdla ekubaliswa ngabo kwinoveli leyo. Hayi, asimpendulo leyo. Umxholo uchazwa ngamaganyana nje ambalwa, isivakalisi esinye okanye ezimbini. Kwenzeka njani ukuba Ukhozi olumaphiko lucaciswe ngamaganyana nje ambalwa? Khumbula nje into yokuba umxholo asiyonto eyambathise ibali njengengubo.

Umxholo yile nto ibali lingayo. Yile nto isuse umbhali ukuba abhale. Azizokungabikho iingxwelerha kumahla ndinyuka awo nawuphi na umzabalazo, yintetho ekungachazwa ngayo umxholo wale ncwadi. Kuyenzeka ukuba incwadi ingabi namxholo mnye. Amachule ababhali adla ngokuyikhwelanisa imixholo ibe mibini mithathu. Into ebalulekileyo kukuwugcina umxholo, wenze intambo embombosholo ebalini liphela. Yile nto sithi ngundoqo webali. Into ethetha ukuthi xa sele eyigqibile umntu ukuyifunda incwadi makakwazi ukubhekisa umva ukucinga athi kweli bali uMfazwe wayelelinye lamaxhoba omzabalazo.

1.2.2 Abalinganiswa mabakholeleke

Ukukholeleka komlinganiswa kuthetha ukuthi makafane ncibishi nomntu ophilayo. Angade abe uchazwe ngohlobo oluthile umlinganiswa, kodwa ukuba umfundi webali akananto anokuzibandakanya ngayo naye, uyafana nongekhoyo. Kukwindlela aphuhliswa ngayo apho athi umlinganiswa abonakale engophilileyo. Ukuze ukwazi ukumchaza umlinganiswa kufuneka umazi ukusuka nokuhlala: indlela acinga ngayo, athetha ngayo, avakalelwa ngayo, enza ngayo, ziziphi izinto azithandayo nangazithandiyo, ufika abe njani kwiimeko meko ezimngqongileyo. Khumbula into yokuba ibali lakho liqweqwediswa ngumlinganiswa. Oko kukuthi iziganeko eziphambili zingqonge yena, ziphenjelelwa nguye. Njani? Khawufunde incwadi yakho ukhangele ukuba uMfazwe ungunozala njani na weemfazwe eziqhubeka kweli bali. Kwizinto ozifumanayo ngaye ziziphi ezimenza ukuba abe ngumlinganiswa ophambili? Nguwuphi omnye umlinganiswa onokuthi naye udlala indima ephambili?

Ubumnandi bebali buxhomekeke kwindlela athi umlinganiswa ophambili aziphathe ngayo xa esilwa okanye esombulula iingxaki afakwe kuzo okanye azidale ngokwakhe. Qwalasela ezi meko zingezantsi apha

• Uyazibona ezi meko ahamba efakwa kuzo ngumbhali uMfazwe? Zingaphi izinto azaziyo umbhali ngoMfazwe? Indlela yokucinga kwakhe kwimeko ethile yiva ukuba uyiveza njani:

Ndaya kuma ecaleni kwendlela sisandimangalisile isimo sabaya bafana, ndisamana ukuhlanganisa ezaloo mini engqondweni. Yayilibali elingafuniyo ukwenza umtya omnye ocacileyo, limana ukuphuncuka kanye xa ndithi ndiyayibona yonke eyayenzekile ngaloo mini.

• Ichule lezandla elinyamezela imeko

Lathi lisithi chapha ilanga ndabe kukudala ndimdaka okwengubo yenkwenkwe yi-oyile kaKhohlelidangatye. Emva kokumqangqulula ndafumanisa ukuba intsimbi encedisa ekuhambiseni injini yaphuke shwaqa, icebo lilinye ikukufakela enye.

• Uyazisola ngobutyala abenzileyo

Ndabona ngeendawanaa ezishwabeneyo ephepheni ukuba yayichatshazelwe ziinyembezi. Yazula ingqondo yam, ndabawela ukuphuma phandle khe ndikhale kakhulu ndithi uxolo Zo ndiyokuviwa naphi phi phi. Kwakukudala yabhalwayo le leta, kodwa ingcinga ngayo kwanomfanekiso kaNokuzola waba mtsha ngathi lubisi.

Mininzi ke neminye imizekelo ongayifumanayo apha encwadini ebonisa ukuba umbhali umazi ukusuka nokuhlala umlinganiswa wakhe, le nto ke nawe njengamfundi kufuneka uyenzile. Yiyo le nto kuthi kuzo zonke izinto azenzayo nezenzekayo ngoMfazwe kubekho ezikucingisayo, ezikukhathazayo, ezikuthunukayo, ezikucaphukisayo, ezikuvuyisayo, ezikulilisayo nezikuhlekisayo ngelinye ixesha. Ungakwazi ukuzichaza?

1.2.3 Ungquzulwano olushushu malube nezinto olubonakala ngazo

Iindidi zongquzulwano zichazwa zibe ntathu, zezi: Umntu ungquzulana nomntu; Umntu ungquzulana nendalo; Umntu ungquzulana nesiqu sakhe. Kwezi ndidi zongquzulwano kuye kudalwe ezinye ezingamawaka ngamawaka. Iyafana nala nto yokuba ibe lishumi kuphela imithetho eseBhayibhileni, kodwa ingabi nakubalwa nokubalwa eminye eyakhelwe phezu kwayo. Ngaphandle ke kokuba umlinganiswa wakho umthelekisa nenye yezi zinto zibaliweyo, akusokuze ube nalo ungquzulwano, iya kuba sisehlo nje. Iintlekele zongquzulwano zahluka ngamazinga. Ukuze ibali libe nomdla umlinganiswa makangquzulane nemeko enzima kakhulu kunaye. Makuthi kunjalo, umlinganiswa oyintloko axwayiswe olunye uxanduva oluza kwenza ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba aphumelele. Khawujonge iingxaki ajongene nazo uMfazwe, kodwa ulwa azijule ijacu.

• Utyholwa ngobunqolobi engenguye, abanjwe

• Amapolisa afuna ukumenza impimpi, athi akwala kuthiwe uyimpimpi

• Ngeso sizathu abantu bamjonga ngezikhondo zamehlo abamthembi

• Uthi xa afuna ukuzikhupha ngokuxelela abantu ngeyona mpimpi enguFriday, sele ebalekile, zimtshele izicheku

• Ufuna ukubhentsisa uFriday nempi yakhe, kodwa usinda ekubulaweni ngabo

• Ngoku uyalishiya elakowabo ngokoyikela ukubanjelwa ukubulala amahlakani kaFriday

• Uthi sele ebalekile bumlandele ubumpimpi.

Yiza nezinye iingxaki ozifumana apha ebalini

1.2.4 Unxunguphalo

Akunzimanga kwaphela ukumfaka engxakini umlinganiswa ophambili, ubunzima busekukwazini ukuwugcina uphezulu umdla ophenjelelwa yiloo ngxaki. Maninzi amacebo onokuwathabatha ukwenza loo nto:

Emva kokuluveza ungquzulwano ekuqaleni kwebali, ungabuyela emva ubalise okuthe kwenzeka ukuza kuthi ga kuloo ndawo uqale kuyo. Khumbula ukuba obona buchule xa ufuna ukudlwengula umdla womfundi kukuqala ngongquzulwano. Uza kuthi ngeli xesha uhamba nomsinga webali, umana ke ngoku ukufakelela iindawo ezizikhumbuzo ngezinto ezithile ezibangela ukuba umlinganiswa enze ngaloo ndlela aya kube esenza ngayo. Ukuba nje umfundi ukhe wafuna engqondweni ukuba ingaba iya kude isonjululwe na ingxaki, yazi ukuba uphumelele ekuphehleni unxunguphalo.

Kufuneka ke ngoku ibali lakho liqiniswe ngezinto eziza kuveza umbuzo wokuba ingaba le ngxaki iza kusonjululwa ngethuba na, zingekonakali izinto. UMfazwe ufuna ukuhlamba igama lakhe kwisityholo sobumpimpi. Ingxaki angena kuzo zenza ukuba ufune ukwazi engqondweni ukuba ingaba iya kwenzeka ngethuba na loo nto esaphila okanye besekho na abantu abambeka isityholo. Unxunguphalo ungaluchaza ngokuthi yilaa nto isebalini yenza ukuba incwadi ungakwazi ukuyibeka phantsi.

1.2.5 Makubekho ithuba apho kungekho kubuya mva nakuya phambili.

Lithuba apho umlinganiswa athi seyibona impumelelo isiza, kusuke kubekho into ephazamisayo, ihlehle umva imizamo yakhe naye ngesiqu enzakale, atsho adangale. Uza kuvuka azivuthulule, kodwa uza kuwathatha phi amanye amandla okubheka phambili. Ingxaki apho ikhoyo isekubeni uthi akujonga ngasemva afike kukude, kanti nangaphambili kunjalo. Ingxaki ngaphambili isamlindile kanti kwakule ndawo akuyo kukho ingxaki. Umbhali olichule ke umfunela amandla umlinganiswa wakhe.

UMfazwe kuyanyanzeleka ukuba aqhweshe ubaleka uFriday namapolisa. Uza kulwa njani noFriday ekwelinye ilizwe ? Luloyiso olu kuFriday. Uxelelwa ngumzingeli ukuba makajike agoduke ukuba akafuni ukufa. Sekude kangaka, uza kujika njani ? Khona yintoni emlindele ngaphambili ? Kungcono abuyele emva okanye abheke phambili ? Uthini wena njengomfundi webali ?

1.2.6 Makubekho uzathuzo

Oko kukuthi iziganeko mazingasuki zenzeke. Into eyenzekayo mayisekelwe kwenye. Nombhali ngokwakhe uzathuzo lwakhe makalubekelele okwenyanda yeenkuni, kucwangce ukwenzeka kwezinto. Zonke iingxaki zikaMfazwe zisuka kwinto yokuba ethe njengetitshala yezeMbali, wathetha ekucingelwe ukuba zezopolitiko. Uthe akubanjwa, hayi ke zaqala ukonakala izinto. Kungathiwa nje ngamafuphi: Umfazwe watyholwa ngokuthi ulivukela-mbuso wabanjwa, wathi ekuzameni kwakhe ukuzikhulula waqhwaya eyona nkathazo.

1.2.7 Imihlathana yokuqala yebali mayixakathiswe phantse zonke iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zebali.

Kubalulekile ukuba kwasekuqaleni isimo sentlalo sicace ukuze abalinganiswa bangabi zizinto ezingoosithubeni. Kufuneka zithi zivela izikhundla neendima abazimeleyo ebalini, sibe sisazi ukuba basuka phi na. Inkcazelo ngesimo somlinganiswa yenza ukuba wena mfundi ubenamanakani eminyaka yakhe, ubuni, ukwakhiwa kwakhe nokokuba mhlawumbi mbi okanye mhle ngezenzo kusini na. Kule ndawo uthini ke ngoMfazwe, uFriday, ngoCikizwa, ngoNokuzola? Kwalapha ekuqaleni uvakalelo oluyenye yezinto eziphehla umdla, lwenza ukuba umfundi ayilungise ingqondo yakhe ilindele mhlawumbi ukuxhalaba, ukuhleka, ukunxunguphala, mhlawumbi athi nqa. Imbewu yongquzulwano ihlwayelwa kwasekuqaleni ukwenzela ukuba umfundi abenomdla wokwazi ukuba iyophelela phi na. Omnye angayivelela le ndawo ngokuthi ingxaki engundoqo webali mayivele kwangoko ukuze umfundi afune ukwazi ukuba iya kusonjululwa njani na. Apha ngokuqinisekileyo uMfazwe nabo bonke abangakwicala lakhe ungquzulana nomthetho worhulumente wocalucalulo.

2. Isimbo sokubhala

2.1 Intshayelelo:

Nawuphi na umbhali unendlela elunge kuye yokubhala. Kuyafana ke nokubalisa nje jikelele. Intsomi ingabaliswa ngabantu abahlukeneyo itsho ivakale ngokungathi izintsomi ezininzi kanti hayi sisimbo sababalisi esahlukileyo. Yinyaniso ke xa kusithiwa ngamafuphi isimbo yindlela yomntu yokubhala. Le ndlela yokubhala ayipheleli ekusetyenzisweni kolwimi kuphela koko nezinto umbhali abhala ngazo. Yiyo loo nto uva futhi futhi abahlalutyi besithi: Sisimbo sikazibani ukubalisa ngothando; ngumthetho kazibani ukubalisa ngemitshato ethanda ukuqhawuka; iincwadi zakhe ubani zonke zinento yokwenza namapolisa kanti ubani yena akasokuze angabi naye umlinganiswa oyinesi okanye ititshala okanye ipolisa, okanye inkosi, njalo njalo, encwadini yakhe. Yonke le nto kuthiwa sisimbo naxa nje eli gama lithanda ukusetyenziswa xa kubhekiswa kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kolwimi nje:

2.2 Yintoni kanye kanye isimbo sokubhala?

Isimbo sichazwa yindlela umbhali acwangcwisa ngayo xa ethetha okanye ebhala, indlela akhetha ngayo amagama ukuze kudaleke umoya othile. Into ethetha ukuthi umbhali uqala ayihlole loo nto sukuba ebalisa ngayo, akhethe amagama aqonde kwindlela afuna ibonakale ngayo kumfundi. Kuyatshiwo nokuthi kwisimbo ulwimi alwaneli kukuba sisixhobo nje sonxibelelwano koko siyaluqaqambisa unxibelelwano. Le nto ithetha ukuthi nokuba singade sibhale ngento enye, iya kubaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ayisosikhwasilima ke eso.

Kaloku ingulowo unendlela yakhe yokudala, njengoko uSaule eya kwahluka kuKula; njengoko uJordan eya kwahluka kuBhongela, njalo njalo. Xa kuhlalutywa isimbo sokubhala akukho mgca wampuku mawulandelwe ingakumbi kuba ingulowo umbhali uzama kangangoko ukuba akholise iindidi-ndidi zabafundi. Xa kuthethwa ngesimbo sokubhala uya kufika abanye abahlalutyi beyichaphazela nje imvelaphi yombhali, indlela acinga ngayo nazithatha ngayo izinto ejonge ulwimi olu lwakhe nabantu anxibelelana nabo, nokokuba uvakalelwa njani na xa ekwiimeko ezithile. Ukubetha kolwimi yiyona nto ijongwayo nekukwazeka ngayo ukubona ukuba isimbo sinomfaneleko na okanye sesiqhelekileyo. Enye indawo ebalulekileyo kukukhangela ukuba umbhali ukwazi kangakanani na ukuyidala imeko njengephilayo esebenzisa amagama kuphela. Unxibelelwano nomfundi lwenza ibali libe nomdla ngokungaphezu kwesiqhelo - sisimbo sokubhala ke eso.

2.3 Umzekelo: Ukhozi olumaphiko

Indlela yokubaliswa kweli bali yahlukile kwiindlela esiziqhelileyo. Apha ngumbhali ngokwakhe obalisa kunjalo nje athabathe inxaxheba ngokuzenza omnye wabalinganiswa abaphambili ebalini. Umzekelo ocacileyo kule ncwadi nguMfazwe. Oko kukuthi umbhali uzinxibise iimpahla zikaMfazwe. Khawurhabule nje apha ungafinci:

Ndihlala ndisitsho kulo nyana wam uZubuye, ukuba kulula kakhulu ukubetha ikhulu kumdlalo weqakamba, ukuba nje angaba neliso ebholeni, kwaye intshukumo yeenyawo...

Olu hlobo lokubalisa lunazo iingxaki olunazo ingakumbi xa umbhali kufuneka abalise into abengekho yena kuyo. Le nzima ababhali abangamachule bayiphepha ngokulula ngokuthi bafumane abanye abantu bokuyibalisa. Ngelinye ixesha umbhali ngokwakhe azilungiselele ngendlela yokuthetha.Uza kumana umva ke esithi: Ndiyive mva into yokuba ........ atsho ke ebalisa. Kweli bali lethu uMfazwe usoloko efuna ukwazi