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Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany
Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany
Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany
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Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany

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In a book that is at once a major contribution to modern European history and a cautionary tale for today, Isabel V. Hull argues that the routines and practices of the Imperial German Army, unchecked by effective civilian institutions, increasingly sought the absolute destruction of its enemies as the only guarantee of the nation's security. So deeply embedded were the assumptions and procedures of this distinctively German military culture that the Army, in its drive to annihilate the enemy military, did not shrink from the utter destruction of civilian property and lives. Carried to its extreme, the logic of "military necessity" found real security only in extremities of destruction, in the "silence of the graveyard."

Hull begins with a dramatic account, based on fresh archival work, of the German Army's slide from administrative murder to genocide in German Southwest Africa (1904–7). The author then moves back to 1870 and the war that inaugurated the Imperial era in German history, and analyzes the genesis and nature of this specifically German military culture and its operations in colonial warfare. In the First World War the routines perfected in the colonies were visited upon European populations. Hull focuses on one set of cases (Belgium and northern France) in which the transition to total destruction was checked (if barely) and on another (Armenia) in which "military necessity" caused Germany to accept its ally's genocidal policies even after these became militarily counterproductive. She then turns to the Endkampf (1918), the German General Staff's plan to achieve victory in the Great War even if the homeland were destroyed in the process—a seemingly insane campaign that completes the logic of this deeply institutionalized set of military routines and practices. Hull concludes by speculating on the role of this distinctive military culture in National Socialism's military and racial policies.

Absolute Destruction has serious implications for the nature of warmaking in any modern power. At its heart is a warning about the blindness of bureaucratic routines, especially when those bureaucracies command the instruments of mass death.

LanguageEnglish
Release dateFeb 15, 2013
ISBN9780801467080
Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany

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    Written by a general historian of Wilhelmine Germany, this work examines the cultural foundations of the German army's tendency to adopt extreme solutions to military problems at the earliest possible moment. Beginning with the notorious campaign in German Southwest Africa, where the drive for a pure military victory led to a near genocidal outcome, Hull downplays the influence of ideology and plays up how standard operating procedures and unexamined cultural values came to substitute for strategy; a matter not helped by the degree to which the German military leadership was insulated from outside criticism. Hull then extends this analysis of German military conduct into the Great War, where the German military high command reached the point where they were prepared to sacrifice the country for the sake of their personal image; an outcome staved off to a large degree because there was finally the political leadership prepared to bring to heel a military machine that can be described as autistic. It might also be noted that Hull is very careful to remind her readers that whatever the excesses of the German armed forces, they were still not outside the pale of contemporary practice; just at the edge of the acceptable. As for the inheritance that was passed on to the Third Reich, the author describes the Nazi "cult of violence" as mostly being the Imperial German Army's military culture turned into an ideology, but decoupled from even those faint limits on "military necessity" that had existed.

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Absolute Destruction - Isabel V. Hull

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