Boiling: Research and Advances

Boiling: Research and Advances presents the latest developments and improvements in the technologies, instrumentation, and equipment surrounding boiling. Presented by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, the book takes a holistic approach, first providing principles, and then numerous practical applications that consider size scales.

Through six chapters, the book covers contributed sections from knowledgeable specialists on various topics, ranging from outlining boiling phenomena and heat transfer characteristics, to the numerical simulation of liquid-gas two phase flow. It summarizes, in a single volume, the state-of-the-art in boiling heat transfer and provides a valuable resource for thermal engineers and practitioners working in the thermal sciences and thermal engineering.

• Explores the most recent advancements in boiling research and technology from the last twenty years
• Provides section content written by contributing experts in their respective research areas
• Shares research being conducted and advancements being made on boiling and heat transfer in Japan, one of the major research hubs in this field

• Language: English
• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• Release date: Jun 22, 2017
• ISBN: 9780081011171

Book preview

Boiling

Research and Advances

Edited by

Yasuo Koizumi

Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan

Masahiro Shoji

The University of Tokyo, Japan

Masanori Monde

Saga University, Japan

Yasuyuki Takata

Kyushu University, Japan

Niro Nagai

University of Fukui, Japan

The Phase Change Research Committee

Thermal Engineering Division

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

List of Contributors

Biographies

Preface

The Phase Change Research Committee

Contributors

Chapter 1. Outline of Boiling Phenomena and Heat Transfer Characteristics

Abstract

1.1. Pool Boiling

1.2. Flow Boiling

1.3. Other Aspects

Chapter 2. Nucleate Boiling

Abstract

2.1. MEMS Sensor Technology and the Mechanism of Isolated Bubble Nucleate Boiling

2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.2 MEMS Sensor Technology in Boiling Research

2.1.3 Heat Transfer Mechanisms Revealed by MEMS Thermal Measurement

2.1.4 Conclusion

2.2. Measurement of the Microlayer During Nucleate Boiling and Its Heat Transfer Mechanism

2.2.1 Introduction

2.2.2 Measurement of Microlayer Structure by Laser Extinction Method

2.2.3 Measurement of Microlayer Structure by Laser Interferometric Method

2.2.4 Basic Characteristics and Correlations Concerning the Microlayer in Nucleate Pool Boiling

2.2.5 Numerical Simulation on the Heat Transfer Plate During Boiling

2.2.6 Numerical Simulation on the Two-Phase Vapor–Liquid Flow During Boiling

2.2.7 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

2.3. Configuration of the Microlayer and Characteristics of Heat Transfer in a Narrow-Gap Mini-/Microchannel Boiling System

2.3.1 Introduction

2.3.2 Mechanisms and Characteristics of Boiling Heat Transfer in the Narrow-Gap Mini-/Microchannels

2.3.3 Characteristics of a Microlayer for Various Liquids and a Correlation of Microlayer Thickness in a Narrow-Gap Mini-/Micro-Boiling System

2.3.4 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Nondimensional Numbers

2.4. Surface Tension of High-Carbon Alcohol Aqueous Solutions: Its Dependence on Temperature and Concentration and Application to Flow Boiling in Minichannels

2.4.1 Introduction

2.4.2 Surface Tension Measurements of High-Carbon Alcohol Aqueous Solutions

2.4.3 Effect of High-Carbon Alcohol Aqueous Solutions on the Critical Heat Flux Condition in Boiling with Impinging Flow in a Minichannel

2.4.4 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

2.5. Nucleate Boiling of Mixtures

2.5.1 Mixture Effects on Elementary Processes of Nucleate Boiling

2.5.2 Heat Transfer Coefficient

2.5.3 Experimental Investigation of the Marangoni Effect

2.5.4 Superior Heat Transfer Characteristics of Immiscible Mixtures

2.5.5 Conclusions

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

2.6. Bubble Dynamics in Subcooled Flow Boiling

2.6.1 Introduction

2.6.2 Review of the Subcooled Flow Boiling Models

2.6.3 Bubble Dynamics in Subcooled Flow Boiling

2.6.4 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

Chapter 3. CHF—Transition Boiling

Abstract

3.1. Critical Heat Flux and Near-Wall Boiling Behaviors in Pool Boiling

3.1.1 Introduction

3.1.2 Previously Proposed CHF Mechanisms for Pool Boiling

3.1.3 CHF in Subcooled Pool Boiling on Upward Surfaces

3.1.4 CHF in Saturated Boiling on Inclined Surfaces

3.1.5 CHF in Saturated Boiling of Binary Aqueous Solutions

3.1.6 CHF in Boiling of Water on a Heating Surface Coated with Nanoparticles

3.1.7 Conclusion

Nomenclature

3.2. Microlayer Modeling for Critical Heat Flux in Saturated Pool Boiling

3.2.1 Introduction

3.2.2 Microlayer Model for Fully Developed Nucleate Boiling and CHF

3.2.3 Results and Discussion

3.2.4 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

3.3. Heat-Transfer Modeling Based on Visual Observation of Liquid–Solid Contact Situations and Contact Line Length

3.3.1 Introduction

3.3.2 Observation of Liquid–Solid Contact Pattern and Concept of Contact-Line-Length Density

3.3.3 Observation of Cross-Sectional Structure of Boiling

3.3.4 Observation of Liquid–Solid Contact Situations During Cooling by Liquid Jet or Spraying

3.3.5 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

3.4. Critical Heat Flux Enhancement in Saturated Pool Boiling

3.4.1 Introduction

3.4.2 Fundamental Effects of HPP on the CHF Enhancement

3.4.3 Further CHF Enhancement Techniques by HPP

3.4.4 Conclusion

Nomenclature

3.5. Dependence of Critical Heat Flux on Heater Size

3.5.1 Introduction

3.5.2 CHF on Wires and Cylinders

3.5.3 CHF on Plates

3.5.4 CHF Data Correlation on Heaters of Various Shapes and Configurations

3.5.5 Parameters and Factors Affecting CHF

3.5.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks

3.6. Stability of Transition Boiling

3.6.1 Introduction

3.6.2 Attempt to Attain Steady Transition Boiling by Low-Resistance Heat Exchange

3.6.3 Automatic Temperature Control

3.6.4 Temperature Uniformity Across the Surface

3.6.5 Conclusion

Nomenclature

3.7. Derivations of Correlation and Liquid–Solid Contact Model of Transition Boiling Heat Transfer

3.7.1 Introduction

3.7.2 Experimental Apparatus and Procedure

3.7.3 Experimental Results and Discussion

3.7.4 Modeling and Discussion

3.7.5 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Subscripts

3.8. Critical Heat Flux in Subcooled Flow Boiling

3.8.1 Introduction

3.8.2 Criterion for the Judgement of Flow Pattern Development

3.8.3 CHF Prediction for the Subcooled Flow Boiling of the Conventional Flow Pattern

3.8.4 CHF Prediction for the Subcooled Flow Boiling of the Homogeneous-Nucleation-Governed Flow Pattern

3.8.5 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

3.9. Convective Boiling under Unstable Flow Conditions

3.9.1 Introduction

3.9.2 The Definition of Flow Instability

3.9.3 The Historical Background

3.9.4 Simple Model—Quasi-Steady Assumption

3.9.5 Estimation by Lumped-Parameter Model—Dumping Effect of Two-Phase

3.9.6 Dry-out Under Natural Circulation Loop—Flow Oscillation Caused by the System

3.9.7 More Detailed Discussion of Boiling Phenomena under Oscillatory Flow Conditions

3.9.8 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

3.10. Film Flow on a Wall and Critical Heat Flux

3.10.1 Introduction

3.10.2 Minimum Wetting Rate

3.10.3 CHF of Film Flow

3.10.4 CHF of Mini-Channel

3.10.5 Characteristics of Falling Film Flow

3.10.6 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

3.11. Boiling Transition and CHF for the Fuel Rod of a Light Water Reactor

3.11.1 Introduction

3.11.2 Prediction of the Heat-Removal Limit

3.11.3 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

Chapter 4. Minimum Heat Flux—Film Boiling

Abstract

4.1. The Behavior of the Wetted Area and the Contact Angle Right After Liquid–Wall Contact in Saturated and Subcooled Pool Boiling

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Suffixes

4.1.1 Introduction

4.1.2 Experimental Apparatus and Procedure

4.1.3 Experimental Results and Discussion

4.1.4 Conclusions

Further Reading

4.2. Study on Forced-Convection Film-Boiling Heat Transfer (Heat Transfer Characteristics in the High–Reynolds-Number Region and the Critical Condition)

4.2.1 Introduction

4.2.2 Experimental Apparatus and Procedures

4.2.3 Experimental Results and Discussion

4.2.4 Mechanism of Transition

4.2.5 Conclusions

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

4.3. Transient Transition-Boiling Heat Transfer in Quenching with Liquid Impinging Jet or Spray

4.3.1 Introduction

4.3.2 Inverse Analysis Technique in Transient Heat Transfer

4.3.3 Experimental Study on Quenching of a Hot Block With Liquid Jet or Spray

4.3.4 Visual and Acoustic Observations of Quenching Phenomenon

4.3.5 Change in Surface Temperature and Surface Heat Flux Distributions Evaluated With 2D Inverse Heat Conduction Analysis

4.3.6 Characteristics of Cooling and Boiling Curves During Quenching

4.3.7 Wetting and Quenching Temperatures

4.3.8 Characteristics of Maximum Heat Flux During Quenching

4.3.9 Conclusions

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Superscripts

Subscripts

Chapter 5. Numerical Simulation

Abstract

5.1. Direct Numerical Simulation Studies on Boiling Phenomena

5.1.1 Introduction

5.1.2 Direct Numerical Simulation Studies on Boiling

5.1.3 Governing Equations Based on MARS

5.1.4 Non-Empirical Boiling and Condensation Model

5.1.5 Comparison of Numerical Results to Visualization Results

5.1.6 Bubble Departure Behavior

5.1.7 Effects of Wettability on Departure Behavior

5.1.8 Bubble Condensation Behaviors

5.1.9 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

5.2. Numerical Simulation of Liquid–Gas Two-Phase Flow

5.2.1 Introduction

5.2.2 Numerical Simulation Method of TPFIT

5.2.3 Numerical Simulation and Results with TPFIT

5.2.4 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Subscripts

Chapter 6. Topics on Boiling: From Fundamentals to Applications

Abstract

6.1. Estimation of Phase Equilibria

6.1.1 Introduction

6.1.2 Thermodynamics for Phase Equilibria in Multicomponent Systems

6.1.3 Equation of State

6.1.4 Group Contribution Equation of State (GCEOS)

6.1.5 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Superscripts

Subscripts

6.2. Molecular Dynamic Research on the Condensation Coefficient

6.2.1 Introduction

6.2.2 Interfacial Transport Across the Liquid–Vapor Interface

6.2.3 Condensation Coefficient Based on Molecular Dynamic Simulation

6.2.4 Condensation Coefficient Based on the Transition State Theory

6.2.5 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

6.3. Micro-/Nanoscale Phenomena Related with Boiling

6.3.1 Introduction

6.3.2 Microscopic Representation of Solid–Liquid–Vapor Interfaces

6.3.3 Microscopic Investigation of Nucleation of Boiling Bubbles

6.3.4 Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement by Micro-/Nano-Hybrid Structures

6.3.5 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

6.4. Transient Boiling under Rapid Heating Conditions

6.4.1 Introduction

6.4.2 Fundamental Characteristics of Transient Boiling and Overview of the Studies

6.4.3 Direct Transition to Film Boiling

6.4.4 Relevance of Nucleation Phenomena to Direct Transition

6.4.5 Boiling Front Propagation

6.4.6 Modeling of Boiling Front Propagation

6.4.7 On the Mechanism of Transition to Film Boiling in Direct Transition

6.4.8 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Superscripts

Subscripts

6.5. Measurement by Neutron Radiography

6.5.1 Introduction

6.5.2 Dynamic Neutron Radiography

6.5.3 Application of Neutron Radiography to Two-Phase Flow

6.5.4 Summary

6.6. Topics of Boiling Heat Transfer: Microbubble Emission Boiling Observed in Highly Subcooled Boiling

6.6.1 Introduction

6.6.2 Subcooled Flow Boiling of Water with Microbubble Emission in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel

6.6.3 Solid–Liquid Contact on Heating Surface in MEB

6.6.4 Summary

6.7. MEMS Technology for Fundamental Research of Microbubble Emission Boiling

6.7.1 Introduction

6.7.2 Surface Temperature Measurement

6.7.3 Microscale Heaters

6.7.4 Artificial Cavities and Nucleation Control

6.7.5 Surface Temperature Measurement with Nucleation Control

6.7.6 Conclusion

6.8. Vapor Bubble Behaviors in Condensation

6.8.1 Introduction

6.8.2 Microbubble Emission Boiling

6.8.3 Boiling on Thin Wire

6.8.4 Vapor Injection to Subcooled Pool

6.8.5 Summary

Acknowledgments

6.9. Heat Transfer Enhancement and the Effect of Gravity in Boiling Phenomena

6.9.1 Introduction

6.9.2 Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics on the Thermal Spray Coating

6.9.3 Pool Boiling on Thermal Spray Coatings Under Microgravity

6.9.4 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbol

6.10. Boiling on Porous Media

6.10.1 Introduction

6.10.2 General Knowledge about Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement Utilizing Porous Layers

6.10.3 Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement by Unique Porous Media

6.10.4 Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement with Functional Porous Media

6.10.5 Conclusion

6.11. Effect of Surface Wettability on Boiling and Evaporation

6.11.1 Overview of Wettability Effects in Boiling and Evaporation

6.11.2 Boiling Enhancement by Mixed-Wettability Surfaces

6.11.3 Peculiar Boiling Behaviors on Superhydrophobic Surfaces and the Effect of Dissolved Air

6.12. Self-Rewetting Fluids

6.12.1 Introduction

6.12.2 Surface Tension and Related Properties

6.12.3 Heat Transfer with Self-Rewetting Fluids

6.12.4 Conclusion

6.13. Boiling in the Steel Industry (Research Content of Hot Rolling Mill ROT Cooling Research Group, Iron and Steel Institute of Japan)

6.13.1 The Importance of Boiling Cooling in the Steel Industry

6.13.2 Water Cooling Systems in the Steel Industry

6.13.3 Boiling Cooling Research Initiatives of Hot Rolling Mill, ROT Cooling Research Group (Iron and Steel Institute of Japan)

6.13.4 Conclusion

6.14. Spray Cooling Characteristics in the Steel Industry

6.14.1 Introduction

6.14.2 Model of Behavior of Spray on a Hot Surface

6.14.3 Parametric Effects on Spray-Cooling Heat Transfer Characteristics

6.14.4 Cooling Instability Phenomenon

6.14.5 Summary

6.15. Vapor Explosion Between High-Temperature Molten Liquid Droplet and Water Pool

6.15.1 Introduction

6.15.2 Elementary Process of Vapor Explosion

6.15.3 Theory of Vapor Explosion

6.15.4 Experiments

6.15.5 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

6.16. Vapor Explosion

6.16.1 Introduction

6.16.2 Experimental Facility

6.16.3 Experimental Results and Discussions

6.16.4 Vapor Film Stability Analysis

6.16.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

6.17. Flow Boiling in Pipes of Refrigerants

6.17.1 Introduction

6.17.2 Flow Boiling in a Smooth Tube of Fluorocarbon Refrigerants

6.17.3 Flow Boiling in a Horizontal Internally Spirally Grooved Tube

6.17.4 Concluding Remarks

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

6.18. Pool Boiling of Low-Global-Warming-Potential Refrigerants

6.18.1 Introduction

6.18.2 Fluid Information

6.18.3 Experiment

6.18.4 Assessment of Heat Transfer Data

6.18.5 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

6.19. Gravity-Feed Re-Flooding: A Fundamental Feature of the Cooling Process of High-Temperature Tube Wall and Scaling Parameter

6.19.1 Introduction

6.19.2 A Brief Review of Previously Conducted Research

6.19.3 Experimental Set-up for Gravity-Feed of Liquid Nitrogen

6.19.4 Gravity-Feed Reflooding

6.19.5 Simplified Modeling of Dynamics of Gravity Reflooding

6.19.6 Constant-Feed Reflooding Experiment with Water

6.19.7 Simplified Lumped-Parameter Modeling

6.19.8 Conclusion

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

Index

Copyright

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List of Contributors

Yoshiyuki Abe,     Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan

Yutaka Abe,     University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Jun Ando,     Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan

Hitoshi Asano,     Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

Zhihao Chen,     Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

Masahiro Furuya,     Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan

Yoshihiko Haramura,     Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan

Yasusuke Hattori,     Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan

Kazuna Horiuchi,     Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan

Yuyan Jiang

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Yusuke Koiwa,     Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan

Yasuo Koizumi,     Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan

Chieko Kondou,     Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Shigeru Koyama,     Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Tomoaki Kunugi,     Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Wei Liu,     Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Shigeo Maruyama

The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Yuichi Mitutake,     Saga University, Saga, Japan

Satoru Momoki,     Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Masanori Monde,     Saga University, Saga, Japan

Shoji Mori,     Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan

Shinichi Morooka,     Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Niro Nagai,     University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan

Taku Nagatake,     Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan

Gyoko Nagayama,     Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan

Osamu Nakabeppu,     Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan

Hidetoshi Ohkubo,     Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan

Haruhiko Ohta,     Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Hiroyasu Ohtake,     Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan

Tomio Okawa,     The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

Kunito Okuyama,     Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan

Naoki Ono,     Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Tomohiro Osawa,     Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan

Mamoru Ozawa,     Kansai University, Osaka, Japan

Takahito Saiki,     Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan

Shinpei Saitho,     University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Yasushi Saito,     Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan

Hiroto Sakashita,     Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Raffaele Savino,     University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy

Yoshihiro Serizawa,     Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp., Tokyo, Japan

Masahiro Shoji,     University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Koichi Suzuki,     Tokyo University of Science, Japan

Yasuyuki Takata,     Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Manabu Tange,     Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan

Takaharu Tsuruta,     Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan

Ichiro Ueno,     Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan

Hisashi Umekawa,     Kansai University, Suita, Japan

Yoshio Utaka

Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan

Tomohide Yabuki,     Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan

Tomohiko Yamaguchi,     Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Hiroyuki Yoshida,     Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan

Kazuhisa Yuki,     Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi, Japan

Biographies

Yutaka Abe is an Executive Officer and the Provost of the Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems at the University of Tsukuba. He is a former chair of the Department of Engineering Mechanics and Energy and a former Dean of the College of Engineering Systems, University of Tsukuba. He is a fellow of the Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) and chairman of the Power and Energy System division of JSME. He was the conference chair of ICONE-21 held in China, 2013. He had research careers in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States, Yamagata University in Japan, and the University of Toronto in Canada, before he moved to the University of Tsukuba. His areas of expertise are the transport phenomena in two-phase flow, ultra-high-speed phase-change phenomena such as vapor explosion, explosive wave propagation of ultra-high viscous fluid simulating volcanic explosion, molten material jet break-up behavior in coolants, hydrodynamics of supersonic steam injectors, and developmental study of microchannel heat exchangers. He has over 130 refereed journal articles and 204 refereed international conference papers.

Yoshiyuki Abe is at present a senior research analyst at JST. He received PhD from Keio University in 1981, and worked at Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL) and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST: reorganized institute of ETL in 2001) from 1981 to 2014. Since 2014 he has been working at JST. His major research topics included thermophysical properties, high gravity materials processing, thermal storage, boiling heat transfer and heat pipe.

Jun Ando received his master degree (Master of Engineering) from the Tokyo University of Science, and was graduated from the Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology in March 2016.

Hitoshi Asano is an associate professor of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Kobe University, Japan. He graduated from Kobe University in 1990. He started research on two-phase flow dynamics as a research associate of Kobe University after 3.5 years working in Daikin Industries, Ltd. He obtained the degree of Dr Eng. from Kobe University in 2000, and was promoted to associate professor in 2001. From 2001 to 2002 he visited the laboratory of Prof. Mueller-Steinhagen in Stuttgart University as a research fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, and started the investigation into boiling heat transfer enhancement by thermal spraying. Currently, he is studying the effect of surface structures on boiling heat transfer including ONB, DNB, and dryout. His interests are also focused on thermofluid dynamics in compact heat exchangers for HVAC systems, gas–liquid two-phase flows in power systems, especially the effect of surface tension and gravity on gas–liquid two-phase flows in small-diameter tubes. He is a co-investigator of the JAXA (The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) project on two-phase flow experiments on board the international space station.

Zhihao Chen has been an associate professor in Tianjin University from June 2015. Before that he was an assistant professor in the Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University after receiving his PhD degree from same University in 2011. His research interest is phase-change heat transfer, especially in boiling and condensation. His studies focused on the high-accuracy measurement of microlayer structure and its contribution to boiling heat transfer, and the spontaneous movement of condensate drop during Marangoni condensation of binary vapor.

Masahiro Furuya is a deputy associate vice president and sector leader at Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI). He worked for CRIEPI since 1993 to date. He became a visiting professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology since 1995. He received his PhD from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands in 2006. He received his PhD from M. Science and Engineering at the Graduate School of Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1993. His research concerns the field of heat transfer with phase change (boiling, condensation, melting, and solidification), material processing, and electro-chemistry. He is recognized in the Who’s Who in the World of Marquis for his work in science field.

Yoshihiko Haramura is a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Kanagawa University. He received PhD degree from the University of Tokyo in 1984. He started his research career at Kanagawa University as a lecturer. He visited the laboratory of John H. Lienhard in the University of Houston from 1989 to 1990. He was promoted to professor in 1995. His research is focused on the area of pool boiling, especially on critical heat flux and transition boiling. He is also interested in heat transfer in Stirling engines and engines themselves.

Yasusuke Hattori received his master degree (Master of Engineering) from Tokyo University of Science, and was graduated from the Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology in Mar. 2010.

Kazuna Horiuchi received her master degree (Master of Engineering) from the Tokyo University of Science, and was graduated from Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology in March 2017.

Yuyan Jiang is a professor in the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics (IET), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He received a B.E. degree from Xi’an Jiaotong University (1996), an M.E. degree from Tsinghua University (1999,) and a PhD from the University of Tokyo (2002). He has been a postdoctoral researcher in IIS, the University of Tokyo, a senior research fellow in AdvanceSoft Inc. and a visiting researcher in Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc. He has also been working with CD-Adapco as a senior software engineer. He was chosen by the 1000-Youth Talents Project of China and joined IET in 2013. Dr. Jiang’s research interests include the boiling heat transfer computations of two-phase flows with phase change. He is one of the major developers of the general-purpose CFD code, FrontFlow/Red. He has published more than 50 peer-reviewed journal papers and has 20 disclosed patents. In their latest study, he and his co-workers invented surfaces with deformable microstructures made of shape memory alloys for the enhancement and smart control of boiling.

Yusuke Koiwa received his master degree (Master of Engineering) from the Tokyo University of Science, and was graduated from the Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology in March 2017.

Yasuo Koizumi has been an invited researcher of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency for the last 2 years. He received his PhD degree from the University of Tokyo in 1977. He started his research career at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute in 1977 as a research engineer for nuclear reactor safety. He stayed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory from 1981 through 1983. He moved to the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Kogakuin University in 1989. Then, he moved to the Department of Functional Machinery and Mechanics of Shinshu University in 2008. He retired as professor in 2014 and he has been in his present position since then. His research is focused in the areas of pool and flow boiling, critical heat flux, condensation heat transfer, and two-phase flow. He is also interested in heat transfer and fluid flow on the microscale. Since his research field is closely related to energy systems, he has great interest in thermal and nuclear power stations and energy supply in society.

Chieko Kondou is an associate professor at the Division of System Science in Nagasaki University. She worked as an engineer on air conditioners and commercial refrigeration systems in Hitachi Appliances Inc. for 7 years and received her PhD from Kyushu University in 2008. She worked as a visiting scholar under the supervision of Prof. Hrnjak at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 2009 to 2011. During that period, they investigated condensation flow in the presence of superheated vapor at pressures just below the critical point. She started her academic career at Prof. Koyama’s laboratory in Kyushu University in 2011. Her research interest is the development of heat pump systems using environmentally benign refrigerants for air conditioning, industrial heating, and refrigeration applications.

Shigeru Koyama has been a professor at Kyushu University. He received his PhD degree from Kyushu University in 1980. He worked as a research engineer at Instrument Research Laboratory in Showa Denko Ltd. for 2 years. In 1982, he started his academic career at Kyushu University as an associate professor at the Research Institute of Industrial Science. In 1995, he was promoted to a professor of the Institute of Advanced Material Study in Kyushu University. He has been working as a professor at the Faculty of Engineering Sciences in Kyushu University since 2006. He has also been working as a WPI professor at the International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy since 2010. He has been involved in clarifying the heat and mass transfer mechanisms in condensation, evaporation, and adsorption.

Tomoaki Kunugi graduated and received an MS degree from Keio University. He received PhD from the University of Tokyo. He worked at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute from 1979 to 1997, and he moved to Tokai University in 1998 and moved again to Kyoto University in 1999. He became a full professor of Kyoto University in 2007. He is an international authority in computational multiphase flow and heat transfer technology and is a specialist in nuclear reactor thermal-hydraulics, safety technology, and fusion nuclear technology. He was the first to develop the automatic liquid-crystal thermometry and found the leakage heat flow inside the heat transfer plate by using the numerical simulation coupled with the measured surface temperature via this liquid-crystal thermometry. He has been developing several CFD codes including RANS, LES, and DNS for single-phase flows and DNS for multiphase flows including phase change phenomena. He found the turbulence structure of turbulent free-surface flows with deformed interfaces. He also invented a new heat transfer enhancement augmentation by a nano- and microscale porous layer formed on the surface without the pressure drop increase. In this decade, he focused on the understanding of the heat transfer mechanisms of both pool and flow boiling phenomena via a computational fluid dynamics for multiphase flows compared to the ultra-high time-spatial resolution experimental data which are taken by himself. He has published over 300 archival publications, including monographs and textbooks, journal papers, and contributions at international conferences.

Wei Liu is a principal researcher at the Development Group for Thermal-Hydraulics Technology, Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). She received her bachelor degree in engineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, in 1992, and her PhD in engineering from the University of Tsukuba, Japan, in 2000. Her research interests include thermal hydraulics in light water reactors and fundamental researches such as CHF, boiling, and two-phase flow.

Shigeo Maruyama is a distinguished professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Tokyo. Dr. Maruyama has been the President of the Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Graphene Research Society since 2011 and has a cross-appointment Fellowship at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). He was previously a visiting professor at Ecole Centrale Paris. His major research areas are carbon nanotubes and fullerenes and molecular heat transfer.

Yuichi Mitutake graduated from Saga University in 1989. He started his research career at the Heavy Apparatus Engineering Laboratory of Toshiba Corporation in 1989 as an engineer in the field of thermo-hydrodynamic analysis in thermal and nuclear power plant components. He moved to the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Saga University as a research associate in 1995. Then, he has been in the present position from 2014. He received PhD from Saga University in 2003. His research field focuses on critical heat flux during pool and external flow boilings, transient transition boiling heat transfer during liquid column jet or spray jet impinging on hot surface, measurement technique of transient heat transfer with inverse heat conduction analysis, and development of hydrogen storage system with metal hydride alloy. Recently his focus is on fundamental quenching and wetting phenomena in material production processes.

Masanori Monde is Vice President at Saga University. He has received his PhD from the University of Tokyo, Department of Mechanical Engineering. In 1976, he has served as a lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University. In 1989, he joined as a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University. In 2014, he is an Emeritus Professor at Saga University.

Satoru Momoki has been a professor at the Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University since 2012. He started his research career at the Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering at Nagasaki University in 1992 as a lecturer in 1992. He became an associate professor in 1994. From 1995 to 1996, he had been a visiting scholar the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. His research focuses on the areas of film boiling and flow boiling.

Shinichi Morooka is Professor of Cooperative Major of Nuclear Energy at Waseda University. He graduated from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Waseda University in 1977. He received Dr. Eng. degree from Waseda University in 1980. His research field includes thermal-hydraulics of nuclear power plant. He has worked at Toshiba Corporation in thermal-hydraulics R&D Center of nuclear power plants for about 30 years. He has a great deal of experience in developing components for actual nuclear power plants.

He came back to Waseda University as a professor in 2010. Now, he optimizes the heat transfer performance for Light Water Reactor components using Computed Fluid Dynamics code and experimental technologies. Target Components are Nuclear Fuel, Separator system, Steam Generator, so on. He constructs flow mechanism, develops our own simulation code based on flow mechanisms, and predicts the heat transfer performance of fuel assembly.

Shoji Mori received his PhD from Kyushu University in 2003. He joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at Yokohama National University as a research associate in 2004. He became an associate professor in 2007. From 2009 to 2011, he studied cryopreservation and thermal therapies at Bioheat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, as a visiting professor (Prof. John C. Bischof). His research interests are currently focusing on novel thermal systems using porous materials and bio-transport phenomena.

Niro Nagai has been a professor in the Field of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Fukui since 2013. He received his PhD degree from the University of Tokyo in 1996. He started his research career at Fukui University in 1993 as a research associate for heat transfer engineering, especially boiling heat transfer. He stayed at the University of California Berkeley from 2000 to 2001. He continued working at the Field of Mechanical Engineering of University of Fukui from 1993 until now. His research is focused in the areas of pool and flow boiling, liquid–solid contact situations in high heat flux boiling and near MHF point. He is also interested in utilization of shallow geothermal energy, hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and application of heat pipe.

Taku Nagatake received PhD degree from Kyoto University, Japan, in 2010. He joined Japan Atomic Energy Agency and started his research. Now he is a research engineer of Development Group of Thermal-Hydraulics Technology. His main subject is development of numerical simulation method for melting behavior and thermal-hydraulic behavior in a spent fuel pool at a severe accident condition.

Gyoko Nagayama received her PhD degree from Kyushu Institute of Technology in 2001. She was a postdoctoral fellow in the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (2001–2002), an assistant professor in Tokuyama College of Technology (2003–2005), a visiting associate professor in the University of British Columbia (2011). She has been an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology since 2005. Having been engaged in the research of engineering thermophysics, presently, she focuses on nano/microscale interfacial transport phenomena at the liquid–vapor interface, solid–liquid–vapor triple phase interface and its application in micro fuel cell and micro heat pipe.

Osamu Nakabeppu is a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan. He received his M. Eng, and D. Eng. degrees from Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech.). He was engaged at Tokyo Tech. (1990-), the University of Tokyo (1996-), Tokyo Tech. (1998-) and Meiji University (2006-). His research concerns the field of microthermal engineering including Scanning Thermal Microscopy, Nano-calorimetry, Boiling Heat Transfer Mechanism with MEMS, Heat Flux Sensor for Internal Combustion Engine, etc.

Hiroyasu OHTAKE has been a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Kogakuin University. He received PhD degree from the University of Tokyo in 1992. His research focuses on the areas of pool and flow boiling, critical heat flux, condensation, and two-phase flow. He is also interested in heat transfer and fluid flow in micro-nano scale.

Haruhiko Ohta is a professor at the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Kyushu University. In 1981, he became a lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Kyushu University and received the degree of Dr Eng. from Kyushu University. He became an associate professor of the same department in 1983. He moved to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kyushu University in 1999 as a professor. From 2003 to 2005, he also worked as a program officer in MEXT/JST. He is currently working as a principal investigator of the ISS experiment by JAXA to be scheduled in 2017 on the flow boiling/two-phase flow collaborating with the International Topical Team directed by ESA. He is currently interested in the development of high-performance cooling systems for semiconductors by the application of boiling heat transfer to immiscible mixtures.

Hidetoshi Ohkubo started his research career at the Institute of Industrial Science at the University of Tokyo in 1982 as a research associate. He received PhD from the University of Tokyo in 1993.He moved to the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tamagawa University in 1995 as an associate professor. Then, he has been in the present position from 2004. His research focuses on the areas of boiling, frosting, and thermal storage.

Tomio Okawa started his research career at the Central Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry in 1990 and earned a doctor of engineering degree from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1995 after receiving bachelor's and master's degrees from Tokyo Institute of Technology. Then, he moved to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Osaka University in 1999, and to his present position (University of Electro-Communications) in 2011. His main research areas are multiphase flow and heat transfer with phase change. His research topics include numerical stability of two-phase flow numerical simulation, Lagrangian simulation of bubbly flow, droplet deposition and entrainment in annular flow, liquid film dryout in annular flow, mechanistic modeling of subcooled flow boiling, high-heat-flux heat removal, boiling heat transfer of nanofluids and drop impact phenomena.

Kunito Okuyama has been a professor in Department of Chemical Engineering Science at Yokohama National University for the last 14 years. He received a PhD degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1985. He started his research career at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute in 1985 as a research engineer for the research and development of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor for hydrogen production. He moved to Department of Material Science and Chemical Engineering of Yokohama National University in 1988, and he has been in the present position since 2003. Within the period, he stayed temporarily at University of Pennsylvania as a visiting faculty from 1992 through 1993. His research is focused on the transient boiling near the limit of liquid superheat, micro-actuators using rapid boiling as in the ink jet printers, the utilization of the ink jet technology for novel processes. He is also interested in the passive processes using liquid–vapor phase change phenomena caused in porous materials, particularly the rapid generation of highly superheated steam and the hydrogen production using catalytic reactions, and microheat pipes using the self-excited oscillation induced by an unique structure. His researches are closely related to the cooling of the high-density energy dissipating systems, and the effective use of energy and the development of novel functional processes utilizing phase-change phenomena in microsystems.

Naoki Ono received the B.S., M.S. and D.Eng. degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1985, 1987, and 1998, respectively. From 1987 to 2002, he was with Mitsubishi Materials Corp., Japan, and from 2003 to 2005, he was with SUMCO Corp., Japan, as a research engineer. In those companies his research topic was heat and mass transfer analysis of the crystal growth process of semiconductor silicon including Marangoni effect. In 2005, he joined the faculty of the department of engineering science and mechanics, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, as an associate professor. He has been a professor since 2010. His current research is in heat and mass transfer in mini-/microchannels, surface tension effects and boiling in mini-/microsystems, micromixing, and cooling technology in practical thermal systems.

Tomohiro Osawa received his master degree (Master of Engineering) from the Tokyo University of Science, and was graduated from the Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology in March 2014.

Mamoru Ozawa has been a professor at Kansai University for more than two decades. He received a Doctoral degree from Osaka University in 1977, then he started his research career at the Mechanical Engineering Department, Osaka University, mainly in the field of two-phase flow dynamics including flow instabilities in boiling channels. He moved to Kobe University. Then he further moved to Kansai University. During the period of December 1979 to January 1981, he was a research fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, West Germany, and worked at the Institute of Thermal Process Engineering, the University of Karlsruhe (present Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). Kansai University founded a new faculty, Societal Safety Science, in 2010. Since then he has served as Vice Dean and then Dean of the Faculty. His research activity has extended in a variety of fields, e.g., boiling heat transfer, critical heat flux, two-phase flow dynamics, fluidized bed, natural convection. At present he is focusing his interest on the historical development of boiler technology.

Takahito Saiki received his master degree (Master of Engineering) from the Tokyo University of Science, and was graduated from the Division of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology in March 2014.

Shimpei Saito is a PhD student at the University of Tsukuba and is also a research fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). He received his B.E. and M.E. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Tsukuba in 2014 and 2016, respectively. His research interest includes two-phase flow dynamics, high-speed phase change, and mesoscale simulation of transport phenomena.

Yasushi Saito has been a professor at the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University since 2013. He received his PhD degree from the Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University in 1998. He started his research career at the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University in 1996 as a research associate in the heat transport laboratory. He stayed at the University of Karlsruhe (TH) (KIT at present) from 2006 to 2008 as a visiting research fellow supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. His research is focused on the areas of the boiling heat transfer and liquid-metal flows. He is also interested in the development and application of neutron imaging techniques, mainly for thermal hydraulic research.

Hiroto Sakashita received PhD degree in 1998 from Hokkaido University, Japan. He started his research career in 1981 as a research assistant at the Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hokkaido University. He is currently an associate professor at the Division of Energy and Environmental Systems at Hokkaido University. His current research interest is in the areas of boiling heat transfer, especially the mechanism of critical heat flux, critical heat flux enhancement using binary mixtures and nanofluids, and boiling behaviors at high pressures. He is also interested in the thermal-hydraulic problems of nuclear engineering.

Raffaele Savino received a PhD in Aerospace Engineering from Naples University in 1993 and, since 1995, he has been working at the same University as a researcher, until 2000, as an associate professor, and as a full professor since 2016. He has also been Professor of Aerodynamics at the Italian Air Force Academy, since 2000, and research associate at the Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics of the National Research Council (CNR). His memberships include the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA), the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). He has been scientific coordinator of several international research programs, in collaboration with aerospace industries, research centers and space agencies, and investigator in microgravity experiments performed onboard airplanes in parabolic flights, sounding rockets and orbital platforms. He has authored more than 220 publications in the fields of Fluid Dynamics, Microgravity and Space Experimentation, Physics of Fluids, Hypersonic Aerodynamics, Heat Transfer, and Rocket Propulsion.

Yoshihiro Serizawa has been a senior researcher at Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation for 13 years. He received a PhD degree from Tamagawa University in 2015. He started his research career at Nagoya factory of Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation in 1986 as a research engineer for heat transfer in iron and steel making processes. He stayed there from 1986 through 1997. He moved to the present workplace in 1997 and he has been in the present discipline since then. His research is focused on the areas of pool and flow boiling, minimum heat flux. He is also interested in heat transfer in the steel making process. He also has an interest in thermal conduction between solid objects, gas jet heat transfer.

Masahiro Shoji received his PhD from the University of Tokyo (UT) in 1971.He started his career at UT in 1971 and has been engaged in research and education for over 30 years. He retired form UT in 2004 and moved to AIST (Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) as the invited researcher. In 2006, he started to work at Kanagawa University (UK) as the professor and the dean of the Faculty of Engineering. He retired from UK in 2014. His main research field is phase change heat transfer and he has interests in wide problems of thermal and fluid phenomena such as surface tension driven phenomena, nonlinear chaotic phenomena and others.

Koichi Suzuki is a professor of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Tokyo University of Science. He graduated from the department of applied physics at Tokyo University of Science in 1967. He had been engaged in research on combustion technology of gaseous fuels and boiling heat transfer at Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tokyo University of Science since 1967. He received Dr. Eng. degree from Tokyo University of Science in 1989. He stayed at Professor Ping Cheng’s Laboratory of Shanghai Jiao Tong University as a visiting professor in 2008. He moved to Tokyo University of Science-Yamaguchi in 2010 and continued research on boiling heat transfer. He served as a Dean of Engineering in 2015. Then, he came back to Tokyo University of Science as a professor in 2016. He was given a Professor-Emeritus from Tokyo University of Science-Yamaguchi in 2016. His research is focused in the area of the pool boiling, the flow boiling, the critical heat flux and the boiling heat transfer in microgravity. Especially, the microbubble emission boiling, MEB, generated in highly subcooled boiling, is main research task for the future advanced cooling technology.

Yasuyuki Takata is a professor of thermofluid physics in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and a Lead Principal Investigator of the Thermal Science and Engineering Research Division at the International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Japan. His research area covers phase change heat transfer, micro JT cooler, micro heat transfer devices, and thermophysical properties of hydrogen, as well as a database of thermophysical properties of fluids. He received The JSTP Award for Outstanding Achievement in 1995, The JSTP Best Paper Award in 2010 from the Japan Society of Thermophysical Properties, Heat Transfer Society Award for Scientific Contribution in 2002 from the Heat Transfer Society of Japan, and JSME Thermal Engineering Achievement Award in 2010 from the Thermal Engineering Division of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. He is a fellow and he also served as executive board director of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME), executive board director of international affairs of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan (HTSJ) and the President elect of the Japan Society of Thermophysical Properties (JSTP).

Manabu Tange has been an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Shibaura Institute of Technology. He received his PhD degree from the University of Tokyo in 2008. He started his research career at Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in 2008 as a research engineer for heat and mass transfer of metal hydride vessels. After engagement as assistant professor of the University of Tokyo in 2009, he moved to the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Shibaura Institute of Technology in 2010. His research interest is microscale thermo-fluid phenomena including boiling heat transfer and Marangoni convection. He also engages in study on flow visualization and image processing of microscale thermo-fluid phenomena.

Takaharu Tsuruta received a PhD degree from the University of Tokyo in 1989. He started his research career at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute in 1981 as a research engineer for nuclear reactor safety. He moved to the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Kyushu Institute of Technology in 1984. He stayed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1991 through 1992. He has been in his present position from 1999. His research is focused on the phase change phenomena including pool boiling, critical heat flux, condensation and molecular transportation at the liquid–vapor interface. He is also interested in drying and freezing preservation of biomaterials.

Ichiro Ueno received PhD from the University of Tokyo for a thesis entitled Thermal-Fluid Phenomena Induced by Nanosecond-Pulsed Laser Heating of Materials in Water under the supervision by Prof. Masahiro Shoji in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering in March 1999. He had also served as JSPS Research Fellowships for Young Scientists (DC1).

He had served as a research associate at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science from April 1999 to March 2004. He then had served as an assistant professor since April 2004 till March 2009, as an associate professor since April 2009 till March 2015, and then as a professor since April 2015. He has been supervising Interfacial Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Lab at the same affiliation since April 2004. He also has served as Director of International Research Division of Interfacial Thermo-Fluid Dynamics, Research Institute for Science & Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science since April 2012. He served as a co-investigator (CI) for Fluid Physics Experiment on the Japanese Experimental Module Kibo aboard the ISS since 2000. He has also served as a CI for Japan-Europe Research Experiment on Marangoni Instability (JEREMI); planning to carry out an on-orbit experiments on the Kibo aboard the ISS.

His current research areas are wetting/dewetting phenomena, surface-tension-driven convection, gas/vapor bubble, evaporating droplet, and interaction between particles and free surface.

Hisashi Umekawa has been a professor of Kansai University since 2009. He received his PhD degree from Kansai University in 1998, and also received a Master’s degree from Kansai University in 1988. He started his career at Daikin industries, Ltd in 1988, and then moved to the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Kansai University in 1991. He stayed at the Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies (IKET) in Research Center of Karsruhe (FZK) from 1999 through 2000, supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellowship. His research is focused in the areas of flow boiling, critical heat flux, and two-phase flow. Since his research field is closely related to energy systems, he has great interest in thermal and nuclear power stations and energy supply in society.

Yoshio Utaka is a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, and Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Engineering, Tamagawa University, Tokyo and Graduate school of Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan. He is a Professor Emeritus of Yokohama National University (YNU). He received his M.Eng. and D.Eng. degrees from the University of Tokyo. He was engaged at the Tokyo Institute of Technology (1978-), National Defense Academy (1992-) and YNU (1994–2015). His research concerns the field of heat transfer with phase change (condensation, boiling, solidification, and melting) and heat and mass transfer for performance improvement of PEFC. He has been the head of the department, the regent and the president’s aid at YNU. He is a former president of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan and an honorary member of JSME.

Tomohide Yabuki received his PhD degree from Meiji University in 2014. He started his research carrier in the Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering at Kyushu Institute of Technology in 2014 as an associate professor. Currently, He is an associate professor at Kyushu Institute of Technology. He was a JSPS research fellow from 2011 to 2014, and a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley from 2015 to 2016. His current interests include heat transfer mechanisms of boiling heat transfer, the high-resolution thermal measurement with a MEMS sensor, and nonlinear thermal devices.

Tomohiko Yamaguchi got a contract as a research associate at the Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagasaki University in 1996. He is working at Nagasaki University as an associate professor from 2001. He is a member of PROPATH (PROgram PAckage for THermophysical properties of fluids) group and developing PROPATH from 1994. The work by PROPATH group was awarded Outstanding Achievement Award of the JSTP from Japan Society of Thermophysical Properties in 1995. Funded by KITEC in 2002 he had worked with Professor J. Gmehling and Dr. J. Rarey at Universität Oldenburg, Germany, as for the topics of the prediction and measurement of thermophysical properties of fluids. The numerical simulation of solid–gas or liquid–gas two-phase flow is another main topic of his research. In 2012, he worked with Professor Y. Yan at the University of Nottingham in UK as a visiting researcher for 13 months, funded by JSPS in order to study the LBM for the two-phase flow in heat pipes and the MRI measurement of the water delivery in plants.

Hiroyuki Yoshida received his PhD from Kyushu University, Japan, in 1994. He is a group leader of the Development Group of Thermal-Hydraulics Technology in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. And he is also an adjunct professor of the University of Tsukuba. His current interests are nuclear engineering, thermal-hydraulic phenomena in sever accident, and development of multiphase flow simulation method.

Kazuhisa Yuki received a PhD degree from Kyushu University in 1998. He started his research career at Tohoku University in 1998 as an assistant professor in Nuclear Engineering department. He had moved to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi in 2009. He has been in his present position from 2015. His research is focused on High heat flux removal utilizing porous media, microbubble emission boiling, heat transfer enhancement, flow visualization etc.

Preface

Yasuo Koizumi, Niro Nagai and Hiroyasu Ohtake, The Phase Change Research Committee, Thermal Engineering Division, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

Boiling has a long history—since the appearance of mankind on the Earth. Boiling has been used as a method to cook foods. A kettle filled with water is put on a gas flame—it is quite routine. The temperature of the gas flame is approximately 2000 K and the melting point of the kettle made of aluminum is approximately 930 K. Why does the kettle not melt? We never pay attention to this fact when we boil water. We instinctively know that boiling has quite a high capability to take heat away. Thus, we throw water over a hot object to cool it down rapidly.

Boiling is widely utilized in industry, since it is the best way to cool a hot body and to retrieve heat from a heat source effectively. For example, boiling is one of the key technologies in thermal power plants, nuclear reactors, and steel manufacturing.

The modern research on boiling was initiated by Professor Nukiyama (1934). He presented the boiling curve, which is the basis of boiling research. Since then, numerous experimental and theoretical researches have been performed. Boiling has been a main topic in lectures and in laboratories in departments of engineering at universities around the world.

Japan was involved in extreme technological deployment in the period from 1950 to 1960, with the introduction of advanced thermal power plants and nuclear reactors. As a result, research on boiling evolved and was advanced by many researchers combined with the research history from Professor Nukiyama. The boiling research was expanded to understand pool boiling, film boiling, burn-out, and so on. So many products were developed to enhance the understanding of boiling. Even so, scientists were quite sure that unknowns still existed in boiling research.

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers established the survey and research committee on boiling heat transfer in 1961 to survey and catalog the knowledge obtained so far and to extract the mechanism of boiling heat transfer for the better understanding of boiling. The committee published Boiling Heat Transfer in 1965 as the fruit of their activities. Research results achieved since Nukiyama were included in the book. A great deal of references were reviewed. The book consisted of fundamentals such as bubble behavior, boiling theory and modeling, pool boiling burn-out, forced flow boiling burn-out, flow boiling, transition boiling, film boiling, and peculiar-type boiling. Because of its rich content, it was the bible for boiling researchers for a long period of time in Japan.

As time went by, thermal power plants made remarkable advancements, and many nuclear reactors were introduced in Japan. The continuing perseverance into the development of boiling research was of course of great help in these advancements. New and more advanced achievements had been developed since the publication of Boiling Heat Transfer in 1965. Then, the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers established a committee to gather and document new findings on boiling and cooling of high-temperature heat transfer surfaces. The committee updated Boiling Heat Transfer by including a large number of paper reviews that had been presented up to that point and launched Boiling Heat Transfer and Cooling in 1998, two decades after Boiling Heat Transfer. The new volume was composed of chapters of introduction, fundamentals, and application. The fundamentals chapter included sections on nucleate boiling, critical heat flux, transition boiling, minimum heat flux point, film boiling, and transient boiling. The application chapter had sections on quenching, amorphous and cooling by boiling, spray and jet cooling, cryogen, electric device cooling by boiling, boiling transition, critical heat flux of a nuclear fuel assembly, cooling during reflooding of uncovered nuclear fuel assembly, debris bed cooling, steam explosion, augmentation and control of boiling heat transfer, boiling of peculiar fluid, and characteristics of boiling heat transfer surfaces and their cleaning. Since the new volume covered quite a vast area of topics it seemed to be the most complete textbook and reference book on boiling.

Because of the importance of boiling, research on the subject has been continuously carried out by many researchers in Japan. Research results have accumulated. As a result of the advancing technology in electronics, instrumentation, high-speed video cameras, and computers, boiling research has become more advanced, more detailed, and more profound. In the meantime, researchers in Japan agreed that, although the fundamental textbooks and reference books had been covered in the previously mentioned two books, recent research advancements should be collected and compiled into one volume to leave for future scientists and to provide new researchers coming into boiling research field with a book for consultation and guidance. There are a large number of boiling researchers in Japan, thus it is the duty of Japanese boiling researchers to provide such a volume. The Thermal Engineering Division of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers established the Phase Change Research Committee (PCRS) in 2007 to meet that need. Forty-eight boiling researchers are gathered in the PCRS.

The principal policies for the planned book that were established by the committee through discussions are:

• The former two books are sufficient as textbooks and as reference books for the fundamentals of boiling.

• The new volume should specialize in recent advancements made in the last 20 years.

• Providing details of the advancements in each area should take precedence over the relationships between sections. Details of advancements in technology regarding experiments and insight into their fundamentals, and also areas of interest for new incoming researchers should be included.

• Since Japan is one of major regions for boiling research in the world, the new volume should be published in English although the former volumes were published in Japanese, in order to share valuable research achievements accumulated over the years to the rest of the world.

• The contributor for each section should be the researcher who actually worked on the subject in that section.

Boiling research is still advancing. The most current research has been compiled for this volume. However, the present volume does not include all findings on boiling research since this task was performed by a limited number of committee members. We sincerely hope that this volume will help to further advance boiling research.

Finally, this volume is the product of the devoted work of committee members and contributors, and our heartfelt thanks are extended to them.

May 31, 2016

The Phase Change Research Committee

Contributors

Chapter 1

Outline of Boiling Phenomena and Heat Transfer Characteristics

Yasuo Koizumi,    Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan

Abstract

The objective of this book is to collect research works achieved during recent 20 years in the progress of boiling research in Japan. This book is edited for a person