Henry V: pocket GIANTS
By A.J. Pollard
()
About this ebook
Related to Henry V
Related ebooks
Cecily Bonville-Grey - Marchioness of Dorset: From Riches to Royalty Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Life and Times of King Henry V of England Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHenry the Fifth Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHenry V: A History of His Most Important Places and Events Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Life of King Henry V of England: Biography of England's Greatest Warrior King Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Life of King Henry V: Biography of England's Greatest Warrior King Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHenry VII Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Henry VIII and His Court Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHenry VIII and His Court 6th edition Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSummary of Dan Jones's The Wars of the Roses Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHenry VIII Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Wars of the Roses Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Ten Tudor Statesmen (Barnes & Noble Digital Library) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsTen Tudor Statesmen Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSummary of Alison Weir's The Princes in the Tower Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Last White Rose Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Battle of Chesterfield 1266 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsKing John, Henry III and England's Lost Civil War Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsBroken Reed: The Lords of Gower and King John Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSo Great a Prince Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSummary of Charles Spencer's The White Ship Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe History of England 1660-1702 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Tudor Kings and Queens: The Dynasty that Forged a Nation Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Tudors: Kings and Queens of England’s Golden Age Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5101 Amazing Facts about The Plantagenets Rating: 1 out of 5 stars1/5Oliver Cromwell and the Rule of the Puritans in England (Barnes & Noble Digital Library) Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Richard III Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Summary of Gareth Russell's Young and Damned and Fair Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsLondon in the Time of the Tudors Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAll the Queen's Men Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Royalty Biographies For You
Shogun: The Life of Tokugawa Ieyasu Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHarry: A Biography Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Last Days of the Romanovs: Tragedy at Ekaterinburg Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Taming of the Shrew Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Royals at War: The Untold Story of Harry and Meghan's Shocking Split with the House of Windsor Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Plantagenets: A history of England's bloodiest dynasty, from Henry II to Richard III, 1133-1485 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Traitor King: The Scandalous Exile of the Duke & Duchess of Windsor Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Royal Witches: Witchcraft and the Nobility in Fifteenth-Century England Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5How They Murdered Princess Diana: The Shocking Truth Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Catherine de Medici: Renaissance Queen of France Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Romanov Sisters: The Lost Lives of the Daughters of Nicholas and Alexandra Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Diana: In Pursuit of Love Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Princess Found: An American Family, an African Chiefdom, and the Daughter Who Connected Them All Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Pillow Book of Sei Shonagon: The Diary of a Courtesan in Tenth Century Japan Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Princesses Behaving Badly: Real Stories from History Without the Fairy-Tale Endings Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Dark Queens: The Bloody Rivalry That Forged the Medieval World Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5An Almost Perfect Murder Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Royal Experiment: The Private Life of King George III Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Catherine the Great: Love, Sex, and Power Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Mountbattens: The Lives and Loves of Dickie and Edwina Mountbatten Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5LIFE The Years of the Crown Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsConsuelo and Alva Vanderbilt: The Story of a Mother and a Daughter in the ‘Gilded Age’ (Text Only) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Pharaohs of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of Tutankhamun's Dynasty Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRevenge: Meghan, Harry, and the War Between the Windsors Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Creation of Anne Boleyn: A New Look at England's Most Notorious Queen Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Crown & Sceptre: A New History of the British Monarchy, from William the Conqueror to Elizabeth II Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Lost King: The Search for Richard III Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Young and Damned and Fair: The Life of Catherine Howard, Fifth Wife of King Henry VIII Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Twelve Against the Gods: The Story of Adventure Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Reviews for Henry V
0 ratings0 reviews
Book preview
Henry V - A.J. Pollard
For Magnus, another pocket giant
Acknowledgements
I was commissioned to write a short life that was opinionated and ‘with attitude’. I hope I have not disappointed in that respect and have not upset too many of my colleagues as a result. They know that I am not a great admirer of Henry of Monmouth. The format, which reduces the scholarly apparatus to a minimum, does not allow me to acknowledge their work as directly as I would have liked. Many of them, who are contributors to a collection of new essays on Henry V edited by Gwilym Dodd, will recognise the borrowed line, the lifted detail, the sentiment here or the slant there. Thank you. In addition, I would like to thank Keith Dockray for allowing me to plunder his survey of the historiography, Dick Kaeuper for giving me confidence to be blunt about chivalry, Tig Lang for putting me right on Henry V’s facial wound and Tony Morris for twisting my arm.
Eryholme,
12 June 2013
Contents
Title page
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Introduction ‘His deeds exceed all speech’
1 ‘So blest a son’: Childhood and Youth, 1386–1406
2 ‘Riot and dishonour stain the brow’: Prince Hal in Politics, 1406–13
3 ‘Presume not that I am the thing I was’: The New King, 1413–14
4 ‘Now thrive the armourers’: Preparation for War, 1414–15
5 ‘The game’s afoot’: Harfleur and Agincourt, 1415
6 ‘Once more into the breach’: The Conquest of Normandy, 1416–19
7 ‘The vasty fields of France’: War and Peace, 1419–22
8 ‘Gentlemen in England now abed’: The Home Front, 1417–22
9 ‘We in it shall be remembered’: Apotheosis and Reputation
10 ‘This star of England’: Assessment
Appendix Henry V’s Portrait
Map
Family Tree
Notes
Further Reading
Glossary
Timeline
Copyright
Introduction
‘His deeds exceed all speech’
¹
It snowed heavily the day Henry V was crowned: 9 April, Palm Sunday, 1413. Writing a few years later, Thomas Walsingham, the resident chronicler at St Albans abbey, recalled two interpretations of this unseasonable weather. Some thought it portended that the new king would be cold hearted and rule his subjects harshly; others took it as an omen that vice would be frozen and new virtues would flourish in the coming spring. In the event, as Walsingham surely intended his readers to understand, both were right. Henry proved to be a cold-hearted, ruthless monarch, yet his rule also represented a new beginning and gave his nation fresh hope after the troubled reigns of his predecessors.
This King of England, whose reign had such a chilly start, was a giant of his age. Not simply because he was a great and famous warrior and a paragon of military virtue. He was a giant because he imposed himself on his contemporaries. He was feared, famed and respected by all, his enemies as well as his friends. He truly bestrode his world.
Thanks to Shakespeare, Henry V is the best-known military hero in English history; more famous even than Marlborough or Wellington, let alone his mighty great-grandfather, King Edward III, who reigned for over fifty years. He enjoyed more success against the French, the ancient enemy, than any of them, coming tantalisingly close to conquering that vast country and imposing an English dynasty. He did this in a reign of just nine years, seven years of which he was at war. Even before he died at the tender age of 35, the myth of his greatness was being created, and it was further honed in subsequent decades. Shakespeare’s play has become the touchstone of English national pride, English courage and English imperialism. For good or ill, Henry V embodies the military might of England.
He was a remarkably successful soldier, yet his warrior skills were not always deployed in the best interests of his kingdom, let alone the people of Wales or France who suffered at his hands. Serious questions arise concerning his judgement. Was a war of conquest in France really sustainable? Did he damage his own realm in pursuit of foreign glory? Was he truly a figure of Christian piety and virtue? Or did there lie behind the carefully constructed chivalric image, a cold, calculating and manipulative autocrat?
These are some of the questions this book explores. It seeks to explain why Henry V was so successful, so admired and so idolised. But this is not another exercise in hero-worship. There is no doubt that Henry V was an awe-inspiring man, a charismatic leader, an astute politician, a gifted administrator and a brilliant general. However, Thomas Walsingham’s hope of a new beginning was to prove an illusion, and the tragic legacy of Henry’s nine hectic years on the throne was embroilment in an unwinnable war and domestic problems stored for the future.
1
‘So blest a son’: Childhood
and Youth, 1386–1406
²
Henry V was born at Monmouth on 16 September 1386. He was not expected to become king. But he was in direct line of succession to the throne, as great-grandson of King Edward III, grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and eldest son of Henry of Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby. The house of Lancaster was the most powerful in England under the throne and ‘Time-honoured’ Gaunt was the mightiest of magnates, a European prince and by far the king’s richest subject, with hundreds of lords and knights retained in his service throughout the realm. Bolingbroke, Henry’s father, was a great noble in his own right and a young man of chivalric renown. He became embroiled in the factional politics of King Richard II’s court during Gaunt’s absence overseas in the years 1386–89. He then set out himself on foreign ventures, first on crusade to Prussia and then on pilgrimage to the Holy Land between 1390 and 1393.
The boy Henry saw little of his father, but this was not unusual: until the age of 7 noble children were usually cared for in their mother’s household. When he later became king, he remembered his nurse, Joan Waryn, to whom he granted an annuity of £20. His mother, Mary Bohun, the joint heiress to the Earldom of Hereford, died in June 1394. What impact her death had on the 7-year-old we do not know, although he commissioned an image for her tomb in the church of St Mary de Castro in Leicester on his accession to the throne. Throughout his life he remained close to his maternal grandmother, Joan, the dowager countess who almost certainly influenced his religious development.
He may already have moved, when he was 7, to the household of his grandfather for the customary next stage of his upbringing. Here, as well as military training (he attended his first tournament when he was 10) and schooling in the arts of hunting and falconry, he received a liberal education. His tutor was his young uncle