Hypernyms and Hyponyms: Vocabulary Building

By Manik Joshi

What are “Hypernyms and Hyponyms”?

HYPERNYM ----
[Hyper- Over; -Onym: Name]
Hypernym is a word that denotes a general category.
Hypernym [singular] | Hypernyms [plural]
Examples: game, bird, etc.
Hypernym is also called ‘Generic term’, ‘Super-ordinate’, ‘Super-type’, or ‘Superset’.

Derived terms related to ‘Hypernyms’:
Hypernymous
Words that are hypernyms are said to be hypernymous.
Hypernymy
The state of being a hypernym is called hypernymy.

HYPONYM ----
[Hypo- Under; -Onym: Name]
Hyponym is a word that denotes a particular item from a general category.
Hyponym [singular] | Hyponyms [plural]
Examples: football/hockey/cricket, eagle/peacock/sparrow, etc.
Hyponym is also called ‘Subordinate’, ‘Subtype’ or ‘Subset’.

Derived terms related to ‘Hyponyms’:
Hyponymous
Words that are hyponyms are said to be hyponymous.
Hyponymy
The state of being a hyponym is called hyponymy.

In the above examples, ‘game’ is the hypernym (or supertype) of ‘cricket’, ‘football’ and ‘hockey’.
‘Cricket’, ‘football’ and ‘hockey’ are hyponyms (or subtypes) of ‘game’.

Similarly, ‘bird’ is the hypernym (or supertype) of ‘eagle’, ‘peacock’ and ‘sparrow’.
‘Eagle’, ‘peacock’ and ‘sparrow’ are hyponyms (or subtypes) of ‘bird’.

IMPORTANT NOTE 1:
The relationship between hypernym and hyponym is termed as ‘is-a relationship’.
Pattern:
Hyponym + is-a/an + Hypernym

Example 1:
Hypernym: game
Hyponym: cricket, football, hockey

Cricket is a game.
Football is a game.
Hockey is a game.

Example 2:
Hypernym: bird
Hyponym: eagle, peacock, sparrow

Eagle is a bird.
Peacock is a bird.
Sparrow is a bird.

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- A

Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A1 --
Hypernym -- acid
Hyponyms -- amino acid / ascetic acid / ascorbic acid / boric acid / carbonic acid / citric acid / hydrochloric acid / hydrofluoric acid / lactic acid / nitric acid / nucleic acid / oxalic acid / phosphoric acid / sulfuric (sulphuric) acid

Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A2 --
Hypernym -- account
Hyponyms -- budget account / checking account / current account / deposit account / savings account

Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A3 --
Hypernym -- affix
Hyponyms -- prefix / suffix

Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A4 --
Hypernym -- African
Hyponyms -- Algerian / Congolese / Egyptian / Kenyan / Liberian / Libyan / Moroccan / Senegalese / Sudanese / Ugandan

Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A5 --
Hypernym -- algae
Hyponyms -- anabaena / cowstail / cuvie / dabbylocks / featherweed / flans / grapestone / gulf weed / honeyware / laver / liadhaig / murlins / nostoc / pod weed / pompon / oscillatoria / rockweed / seaweed / thong weed / watersilk

Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A6 --
Hypernym -- age [a particular period of history
Hyponyms -- bronze age / iron age / new age / stone age

Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A7 --
Hypernym -- agent
Hyponyms -- double agent / estate agent / land agent / press agent / secret agent / special agent / travel agent

Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A08 --
Hypernym -- alloy
Hyponyms -- amalgam / billon / brass / bronze / iron / magnalium / megallium / nichrome / scandium / solder / steel / stellite

Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A09 --
Hypernym -- amphibian
Hyponyms -- frog / salamander / toad

Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A10 --
Hypernym -- angle
Hyponyms -- acute angle / adjacent angle / exterior angle / interior angle / obtuse angle / reflex angle / right angle

• Language: English
• Publisher: Manik Joshi
• Release date: Aug 10, 2014
• ISBN: 9781310631146

Manik Joshi

Manik Joshi was born on January 26, 1979, at Ranikhet, a picturesque town in the Kumaon region of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. He is a permanent resident of the Sheeshmahal area of Kathgodam located in the city of Haldwani in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand in India. He completed his schooling in four different schools. He is a science graduate in the ZBC – zoology, botany, and chemistry – subjects. He is also an MBA with a specialization in marketing. Additionally, he holds diplomas in "computer applications", "multimedia and web-designing", and "computer hardware and networking". During his schooldays, he wanted to enter the field of medical science; however, after graduation he shifted his focus to the field of management. After obtaining his MBA, he enrolled in a computer education center; he became so fascinated with working on the computer that he decided to develop his career in this field. Over the following years, he worked at some computer-related full-time jobs. Following that, he became interested in Internet Marketing, particularly in domaining (business of buying and selling domain names), web design (creating websites), and various other online jobs. However, later he shifted his focus solely to self-publishing. Manik is a nature-lover. He has always been fascinated by overcast skies. He is passionate about traveling and enjoys solo-travel most of the time rather than traveling in groups. He is actually quite a loner who prefers to do his own thing. He likes to listen to music, particularly when he is working on the computer. Reading and writing are definitely his favorite pastimes, but he has no interest in sports. Manik has always dreamed of a prosperous life and prefers to live a life of luxury. He has a keen interest in politics because he believes it is politics that decides everything else. He feels a sense of gratification sharing his experiences and knowledge with the outside world. However, he is an introvert by nature and thus gives prominence to only a few people in his personal life. He is not a spiritual man, yet he actively seeks knowledge about the metaphysical world; he is particularly interested in learning about life beyond death. In addition to writing academic/informational text and fictional content, he also maintains a personal diary. He has always had a desire to stand out from the crowd. He does not believe in treading the beaten path and avoids copying someone else's path to success. Two things he alwa...

Book preview

Hypernyms and Hyponyms

(Vocabulary Building)

By Manik Joshi

Copyright Manik Joshi 2014

Smashwords Edition, License Notes:

All rights reserved. This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Smashwords Author Page of Manik Joshi:

http://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/manikjoshi

Email:

mailto:[e-mail]

IMPORTANT NOTE

This Book is Part of a Series

SERIES Name: English Word Power

[A Thirty-Book Series]

BOOK Number: 14

BOOK Title: Hypernyms and Hyponyms

Table of Contents

What are Hypernyms and Hyponyms?

Contextual Relationship

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- A

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- B

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- C

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- D

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- E

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- F

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- G

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- H

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- I

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- J, K

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- L

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- M

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- N

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- O

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- P

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- Q

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- R

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- S

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- T

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- U

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- V

Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- W-Z

About the Author

BIBLIOGRAPHY

What are Hypernyms and Hyponyms?

HYPERNYM ----

[Hyper- Over; -Onym: Name]

Hypernym is a word that denotes a general category.

Hypernym [singular] | Hypernyms [plural]

Examples: game, bird, etc.

Hypernym is also called ‘Generic term’, ‘Super-ordinate’, ‘Super-type’, or ‘Superset’.

Derived terms related to ‘Hypernyms’:

Hypernymous

Words that are hypernyms are said to be hypernymous.

Hypernymy

The state of being a hypernym is called hypernymy.

HYPONYM ----

[Hypo- Under; -Onym: Name]

Hyponym is a word that denotes a particular item from a general category.

Hyponym [singular] | Hyponyms [plural]

Examples: football/hockey/cricket, eagle/peacock/sparrow, etc.

Hyponym is also called ‘Subordinate’, ‘Subtype’ or ‘Subset’.

Derived terms related to ‘Hyponyms’:

Hyponymous

Words that are hyponyms are said to be hyponymous.

Hyponymy

The state of being a hyponym is called hyponymy.

In the above examples, ‘game’ is the hypernym (or supertype) of ‘cricket’, ‘football’ and ‘hockey’.

‘Cricket’, ‘football’ and ‘hockey’ are hyponyms (or subtypes) of ‘game’.

Similarly, ‘bird’ is the hypernym (or supertype) of ‘eagle’, ‘peacock’ and ‘sparrow’.

‘Eagle’, ‘peacock’ and ‘sparrow’ are hyponyms (or subtypes) of ‘bird’.

IMPORTANT NOTE 1:

The relationship between hypernym and hyponym is termed as ‘is-a relationship’.

Pattern:

Hyponym + is-a/an + Hypernym

Example 1:

Hypernym: game

Hyponym: cricket, football, hockey

Cricket is a game.

Football is a game.

Hockey is a game.

Example 2:

Hypernym: bird

Hyponym: eagle, peacock, sparrow

Eagle is a bird.

Peacock is a bird.

Sparrow is a bird.

IMPORTANT NOTE 2:

Co-hyponyms

Words that are hyponyms of a particular hypernym are called co-hyponyms.

Examples -- Cricket, football and hockey are co-hyponyms. They are all hyponyms of ‘game’.

Eagle, peacock and sparrow are co-hyponyms. They are all hyponyms of ‘bird’.

IMPORTANT NOTE 3:

Proper Nouns as Hyponyms

Hypernym -- Computer

Hyponyms -- Acer, Asus, Compaq, Dell, HCL, Hitachi, IBM, Intel, Lenovo, Microsoft, Motorola, Oracle, Samsung, Sony, Toshiba, Wipro [Name of Brand/Companies]

Contextual Relationship

A word can be a hyponym in one context but a hypernym in another.

Example 1:

‘Machine’ is the hypernym of ‘computer’. ‘Computer’ is a hyponym of ‘machine’.

Hypernym -- machine

Hyponym -- computer

However, ‘computer’ is the hypernym of ‘Dell’, ‘HCL’, and ‘Compaq’.

Hypernym -- computer

Hyponyms -- Dell, HCL, Compaq

Example 2:

‘Fruit’ is the hypernym of ‘berry’. ‘Berry’ is a hyponym of ‘fruit’.

Hypernym -- fruit

Hyponym -- berry

However, ‘berry’ is the hypernym of ‘blackberry, gooseberry, raspberry, and strawberry.

Hypernym -- berry

Hyponyms -- blackberry, gooseberry, raspberry, strawberry

Example 3:

Color is the hypernym of ‘Brown’. ‘Brown’ is a hyponym of ‘Color’.

Hypernym -- color

Hyponym -- brown

However, ‘brown’ is the hypernym of ‘beige’ (light yellowish-brown), ‘bronze’ (dark reddish-brown), ‘sepia’ (reddish-brown), and ‘tan’ (yellowish-brown).

Hypernym -- brown

Hyponyms -- beige, bronze, sepia,

Reviews for Hypernyms and Hyponyms

[JuAN · Rating: 5 out of 5 stars]

just one of the best option. it is a great way for vocabulary improvment