Round Rock

By Bob Brinkman

Named for a distinctive rock formation that marks a natural, picturesque ford, Round Rock is a reflection of the past. Nomadic people lived here for countless ages, leaving clues of their existence for future generations. Explorers and frontier travelers visited the area bounded by rolling hills to the west and fertile fields to the east. The location became a permanent name on the map when settlers made the site their home in 1851. These pioneers established the traditions that defined the community. Positioned near the state capital, Round Rock has prospered through transportation and commerce. Horseback paths, stagecoach routes, military roads, and cattle trails have yielded to railroads and highways. Within a few generations, the community once known for education and agriculture is now equally renowned for technology and trade. A common thread through it all has been the citizens’ pride of place in their hometown. This is the story of a once-quiet village that evolved into a vibrant city.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Arcadia Publishing
• Release date: Aug 4, 2008
• ISBN: 9781439636015

Bob Brinkman

Author Bob Brinkman is a historian at the Texas Historical Commission. He has also served on the Round Rock Historic Preservation Commission and the Williamson County Historical Commission.

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INTRODUCTION

Round Rock is one of the oldest communities in Central Texas, with archeological and anthropological evidence of thousands of years of occupation in the area. Permanent settlement dates to the late 1830s. Kenney’s Fort along Brushy Creek was an early landmark and was the site of two noteworthy episodes of Republic of Texas history: the beginning of the Santa Fe Expedition of 1841 and the end of the Archives War of 1842. Settlement consolidated along Brushy Creek near a crossing of the Central Military Road leading north from the new national capital of Austin. This path, adjacent to a round rock of natural limestone in the creekbed, became a stagecoach route that passed through a village called Brushy Creek, which in 1854 changed its name to Round Rock.

The community and Williamson County were pro-Union in the days leading up to the Civil War and were among the few areas of Texas to vote against secession. After the war, cattle drives from South and Central Texas passed through the town on the way to markets in Kansas and the West. Round Rock also became a leading educational center, with the establishment of Round Rock Academy and Greenwood Masonic Institute in the 1860s and Round Rock College and Round Rock Institute in the 1880s.

Leading immigration groups to the area in the 19th century included families from Swedish, German, and Czech lands, as well as large numbers of immigrants from Tennessee, Arkansas, and Illinois. African American and Mexican American groups also increased in population in the late 1800s. The arrival of the International and Great Northern Railroad in 1876 energized the local economy and made a boomtown of Round Rock, which was the end of the rail line for over a year, serving as the closest shipping point for 10 counties to the west. Briefly, Round Rock had six hotels to Austin’s five. This connection to large Eastern cities by rail also brought new citizens from varied backgrounds.

Local businesses included limestone quarries and lime processing plants. William J. Walsh’s Round Rock White Lime Company began in 1896 and was a major employer in the city for 75 years. Other agricultural industries included the Round Rock Broom Factory (begun in 1876) and the Round Rock Cheese Factory, which opened in 1928. Cotton was the main agricultural crop from the 1880s until the 1920s. At the dawn of the 20th century, Williamson County was one of the top producing cotton counties in Texas and even No. 1 in the United States during a couple of fall harvests.

Other notable developments in Round Rock included Trinity Lutheran College (1906–1929), which later was an orphanage and retirement home and is still operating in the community; Lone Star Bakery (established 1926), maker of famous Round Rock Donuts; the arrival of U.S. Highway 81 (1934) and Interstate 35 (1959); heavy industries including Westinghouse (1972); and explosive growth in the last generation that has seen the population increase from under 3,000 (1970) to 12,000 (1980) to 35,000 (1990) to an estimated 92,000 today, with Dell Computers and other major employers bringing rapid change to the city.

Round Rock claims notable lawmen, educators, writers, military veterans, cattlemen and cattlewomen, philanthropists, ministers, businesspeople, and athletes. Just as significantly, the community has a long tradition of unsung heroes who have toiled just as hard to improve conditions for their families and their friends. Taken together, all these contributions have combined to create the unique place called Round Rock.

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FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS

Some of Round Rock’s most celebrated native sons and daughters began life here but moved away before achieving their most notable accomplishments. Ira Aten made a name for himself as a Texas Ranger quelling vigilante justice in Fort Bend and San Saba Counties, securing law and order on the frontier as foreman of the XIT Ranch in the Texas panhandle, and settling the town of El Centro in California’s Imperial Valley. Juanita Craft attended Hopewell School, Round Rock’s separate school for African American children, before moving on to Dallas and becoming a leading advocate of civil rights, registering thousands of women to vote.

Others were famous in their time before they moved here late in life. Judge Cadwell Walton Raines was the Texas state librarian and a founder of the Texas State Historical Association, helping preserve precious documents of Texas history at the dawn of the 20th century. His final years were spent in Round Rock, and he is buried at the Round Rock Cemetery. Renowned fiddler Johnny Gimble already achieved fame as one of Bob Wills’s Texas Playboys and in the decades of music that followed before he lived for many years in Round Rock. While he was here, he helped put the town on the musical map with the Texas Bluegrass Festival.

But the people who deserve the greatest commemoration as citizens of Round Rock are those who have lived and died and dreamed and laughed and cried and grown along with the community as time has marched forward. Some were here for a short time, while others have been icons for generations of family and friends. Individuals like Ellen Blair Davis and Beulah Mercer have each spent their whole lives in Round Rock, full lives that have spanned more than 100 years. Their lives are the threads that comprise the rich tapestry of the city.

Josie (McCormick) and Frank Aten were married in 1886. Frank came with his family from Illinois in 1876 at the age of 16, while Virginia-native Josie and her family moved here in 1882 when she was 14. Frank was a justice of the peace, a postmaster for 10 years, and fa ounder and later president of the Old Settlers Association. He was also known as an expert beekeeper. Josie and Frank had six children, and Frank died in 1960 at the age of 99. (Courtesy Martin Parker.)

The 1941 Round Rock Dragons, coached by Supt. O. F. Perry, went 9-1-1, winning the district championship and defeating Marble Falls in a bi-district playoff game. Many of the players joined the