The Great Gale of 1871

By Richard M Jones

On 10th February 1871 a storm of fatal severity swept into the calm coastal port of Bridlington Bay. With it rode dozens of helpless ships and it fell to local lifeboat crews to brave the implacable sea in attempts to save the floundering crews. Many of those heroic souls never returned to shore. In his detailed examination of the events of The Great Gale of 1871, Richard M Jones shows the horror of the disaster alongside the selfless heroism of those rescuers. Among the individual stories of the storm is that of the Harbinger lifeboat and its crews’ ultimate sacrifice for their fellow sailors. The Great Gale of 1871 presents the events and the legacy of that fateful day.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Mereo Books
• Release date: Feb 10, 2015
• ISBN: 9781909874664

Richard M Jones

Richard M. Jones is an author of 18 other books on history and shipwrecks, having been fascinated by lost ships since an early age. As well as placing nine memorials to different forgotten disasters he still has time to study for future projects as well as serve at sea with the Royal Navy.

Book preview

On Christmas Day morning 2004, just after Midnight Mass at Bridlington Priory, librarian Sarah Stocks sat at a friend’s house having drinks when a local man came over to her and asked her out of the blue if the library had copies of the Yorkshire Post from years gone by. Her reply was that the library kept current newspapers for a maximum of one year and wondered Why did you ask?

The man, who owns Marton Grange Hotel on the road to Flamborough, was carrying out a major renovation to his hotel, and when the skirting board was pulled apart, they found an old Yorkshire Post filling a hole in the wall. It had been stuffed there by the owners at the time as there was obviously a draught, a very big draught, caused by severe weather and gales. The best thing to do at that time would have been to grab an old newspaper, maybe yesterday’s newspaper once everyone had finished reading it, and stuff the hole. The date on the paper was 9th February 1871.

And there had indeed been a tremendous draught, and a great gale. This is the story of that gale.

The Yorkshire Post of 9th February 1871.

Preface

On 9th February 1861 a storm occurred on the North Yorkshire coast that shook the town of Whitby. Several ships were sunk but all the crews were saved. It was the heroism of the lifeboat crew that has captured the imagination since. The 13 lifeboat crew put out to sea despite the fact that the previous rescues had left them hungry and exhausted. It really had been a non-stop, but winning, battle. By 2pm that day the schooner Merchant was in the stages of running onto the beach and the lifeboat began pulling alongside the vessel. But at that moment the boat was turned completely over, throwing her crew into the sea. The struggling crew were only around 50 yards from the pier and wearing lifejackets, but only one of these men, Henry Freeman, would make it to shore. Of the 13 men who set out for the daring rescue, he was the sole survivor. The people lining the shores to see the drama unfold were horrified, but could do nothing except watch. Rockets were fired to aid the men, and several onlookers dived in to save the men only to find them-selves in need of help. But all their efforts were futile, and there was no hope for the crew. They left a total of 46 children father-less, and ten wives as widows.

Freeman would continue to be a lifeboatman for a further 40 years until he died at the age of 69 on 13th December 1904, having served a lifetime on the sea, spending 22 years as coxswain of Whitby lifeboat and helping to save a total of over 300 lives. This is etched on his gravestone today.

It is with tragic irony that ten years and one day later, exactly the same tragedy would happen just down the coast, but with a staggering death toll which would shake a small Yorkshire town just like Whitby.

Chapter 1

Calm before the storm

The year 1871 started off peaceful and uneventful. Amadeus I became king of Spain on 2nd January. The Franco-Prussian war ended with the surrender of France, just over a week later. And for the people of the small Yorkshire town of Bridlington, it was hopefully going to be a good year for the fishing industry.

The town was split into two parts: the town of Bridlington was centred around the 700-year-old Priory Church, whereas the fishing community was living in the part known as Bridlington Quay, centred around the fishing harbour which for centuries had been the be all and end all of the Quay’s income. Most of the people, if they weren’t fishermen, were farmers, labourers, joiners, and most of them fended for themselves in order to feed their families. The harbour itself was crammed with small boats, some manned by only one, maybe two, people, who risked life and limb going out in the next available good weather to catch a few measly fish or crabs.

Sometimes a boat would go out and return the same evening with a successful haul that would feed a family for days to come. But in this game you had to take the rough with the smooth and some days you could come back with virtually nothing, certainly not worth going out for, but it was a risk they had to take, which they did time and time again. In an era which saw no motor cars, electricity, gas central heating, production lines, it must have been very hard for these people to live compared with nowadays.

Down on the harbour sat one of these boats. A working boat as well as a lifeboat, the Harbinger hung from the harbour wall covered in a tarpaulin, ready and waiting should it be needed in an emergency launch using the davits. She was privately owned and run by the locals of Bridlington, who felt it necessary to have a second lifeboat. However funding was not at its best on schemes of this nature, so it had been paid for and donated by a man named Count Gustav Batthyany, a friend to many of the town’s fishermen, who loved the Yorkshire coast, especially Bridlington. An Austro-Hungarian, he lived in Bridlington until moving to Grove Cottage, 1 Eastgate South, Driffield, with eight servants in 1872 (and later No 1 Belmont Road, Scarborough) and he made regular visits to Bridlington. Born in Vienna, Austria, he was 42 years old, and had come to Britain due to troubles in his homeland, thinking it safer to reside in England for the time being. His father, the prime minister of Hungary, was caught in the uprising against the Austria/Hungary Empire and was tried, convicted and executed. In the count’s opinion it would be a while, if at all, before he would travel back to his homeland.

The lifeboat paid for by Batthyany was built by local joiner David Purdon in his yard at No 4 North Street, behind the Central Methodist Church. Smaller than the town’s main lifeboat Robert Whitworth, and much lighter than the RNLI boat, she was given to the local fishermen by the Count in 1863. Made of mahogany, she was christened in the afternoon of 1st January 1866 and was put to the test for the first time in company with a crowd of spectators (ironically from Trinity Cut, the place where she would make her first launch in the Great Gale). She was then taken into the harbour where the crew did the capsize test, getting freezing cold and soaking wet, but proving the boat could right herself with