El Camino Real de los Tejas

By Steven Gonzales, Mary Joy Graham and Dr. Lucile Estell

The Royal Road of the Tejas Indians, El Camino Real de los Tejas, was born hundreds of years ago when the Native Americans followed routes used by buffalo and other animals, realizing that these early creatures knew the best paths to take. Also known as Kings Highway, it later became a major thoroughfare used by travelers from the East coming to Louisiana, Texas, and Mexico. In 2004, El Camino Real de los Tejas took on new meaning when the historical road was designated as the 19th National Historic Trail in the United States. Development is guided by El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail Association housed in Austin, Texas.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Arcadia Publishing
• Release date: Oct 20, 2014
• ISBN: 9781439647844

Steven Gonzales

Authors of this book are closely involved with the development of the trail. Steven Gonzales is the first executive director of El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail Association, Mary Joy Graham has served seven years on the board, and Dr. Lucile Estell has been a member of the board from its beginning and has served as both vice president and president. Photographs for this book were gathered from a variety of sources including board members, the Nacogdoches Visitor Center, and the Sabine Parish Visitor Center.

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INTRODUCTION

Throughout our history, roads have stood as symbols of progress and growth. It was a road that enabled Paul Revere to make his famous ride, it was a road that took Daniel Boone westward, and it was a road—a royal road—that has historically linked Texas to its neighbors in the south.

El Camino Real de los Tejas, or the Royal Road of the Tejas, has been a part of the history of North America since before the founding of the United States. It has often been presented as a place of history and intrigue, a place that outlaws and ordinary men and women would gravitate to for safety and to further their causes. It was the King’s Highway, and one might hope to travel this famous road under a modicum of the crown’s protection. There is little doubt that the road originated with the trails of the Native Americans and of the buffalo and other animals. Who better to know the route that would best traverse this land? Its name even includes the word Tejas, linking it to the Adai Caddo Indians who still reside along this road in Natchitoches Parish.

El Camino Real evolved slowly as early explorers entered the area now known as Texas and cautiously made their way across this wondrous land. Early records show that the French explorer Robert de La Salle and his men entered Texas by accident, though his landing near Garcitas Creek did not escape the attention of Spanish explorers who had aims on obtaining this fertile land for themselves. Both the French and the Spanish probed the area, traveling on the old game trails, but, according to famed Spanish colonial historian Carlos Castañeda, it was a Spanish expedition—led by Alonso de León—which penetrated all of the way to the Guadalupe River. Castañeda considers this to be the beginnings of Texas. The Spanish then learned of María de Ágreda, sometimes called the Lady in Blue, a Spanish nun who is said to have visited the Tejas Indians via supernatural means and encouraged them to convert to Christianity. Her stories resulted in the establishment of missions and an influx of people into far east Texas and San Antonio de Béxar. Travel increased, the road became more pronounced, and—as Texas moved toward its revolution—the road became a conduit for people as they explored and settled the land.

In 1918, after much study, the Texas Society Daughters of the American Revolution (TSDAR) used the notes of surveyor V.N. Zivley to place pink granite markers at selected sites along a portion of the trail known as the Old San Antonio Road. These markers are extremely valuable to the history of the trail and will be brought into greater prominence as this historic trail is further developed.

Attention was again focused on the trail in 2004, when—due mostly to the efforts of Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison and Rep. Ciro Rodriguez—the US Congress designated El Camino Real de los Tejas as a National Historic Trail. The trail extends more than 2,500 miles from near Eagle Pass and Laredo to Natchitoches, Louisiana, and the history of this nation has been strongly influenced by events that occurred upon it. Much of this history has lain hidden by the lack of a way—and perhaps the lack of a desire—to make it known, but now, as the trail develops, so too does awareness of its significance. El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail has the potential to help us better understand our history and our nation, and it has within it the potential to rewrite—or perhaps write properly for the first time—Texas’s colonial history.

Responsibility for the development of this trail lies with a 15-member board of directors, which works directly with the Intermountain Region of the National Park Service and its superintendant, Aaron Mahr Yanez. As the trail is more than 2,500 miles long, one action of the board was to divide it into four geographic regions: South Texas, San Antonio–Goliad, Brazos, and Caddo. The chapters of this book are organized along these same regions. El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail Association is tasked with the protection of the historical integrity of the trail, and all of the authors’ proceeds from the sale of this book will go to the association to help with developing and protecting the trail. This book reflects the love and responsibility each of us feels for this national treasure.

—Steven Gonzales

Executive Director of El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail

—Joy Graham

Vice President and board member of El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail

—Dr. Lucile Estell

President and board member of El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail

One

COAHUILA Y

(SOUTH) TEXAS

The banks of the Río Grande—dividing the states of Texas and Coahuila, Mexico—are where the