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    How to Read a Book
    How to Read a Book
    How to Read a Book
    Ebook559 pages9 hours

    How to Read a Book

    By Mortimer J. Adler and Charles Van Doren

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    About this ebook

    With half a million copies in print, How to Read a Book is the best and most successful guide to reading comprehension for the general reader, completely rewritten and updated with new material.

    A CNN Book of the Week: “Explains not just why we should read books, but how we should read them. It's masterfully done.” –Farheed Zakaria

    Originally published in 1940, this book is a rare phenomenon, a living classic that introduces and elucidates the various levels of reading and how to achieve them—from elementary reading, through systematic skimming and inspectional reading, to speed reading. Readers will learn when and how to “judge a book by its cover,” and also how to X-ray it, read critically, and extract the author’s message from the text.

    Also included is instruction in the different techniques that work best for reading particular genres, such as practical books, imaginative literature, plays, poetry, history, science and mathematics, philosophy and social science works.

    Finally, the authors offer a recommended reading list and supply reading tests you can use measure your own progress in reading skills, comprehension, and speed.

    Editor's Note

    Another level of meaning…

    Never feel like you don’t understand a story again with this classic guide to improving your reading skills. Whether you like science or science fiction, this book will ensure you get more out of your reading experience.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherTouchstone
    Release dateMay 10, 2011
    ISBN9781439144831
    How to Read a Book
    Author

    Mortimer J. Adler

    Dr. Mortimer J. Adler was Chairman of the Board of the Encyclopedia Britannica, Director of the Institute for Philosophical Research, Honorary Trustee of the Aspen Institute, and authored more than fifty books. He died in 2001.

    Read more from Mortimer J. Adler

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    Reviews for How to Read a Book

    4/5

    826 ratings52 reviews

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    Review must be at least 10 words

    • 3/5
      An insightful if pedantic volume on what to read and how to read, focusing primarily on analytical reading and the pursuit of knowledge.
    • 5/5
      a classic gem.
    • 3/5
      Bem, considerei o livro bastante instrutivo e enriquecedor. Elevada utilidade como consulta.
    • 5/5
      Absolutely fantastic book. Well written and full of knowledge that everyone should be taught in school.
    • 5/5
      My reading life has been changed for the better, forever.
    • 5/5
      A definite must, todos deberían obligarse a leer este gran obra!!! Ahora me sé listo no sólo para leer sino para comprender los grandes libros y a sus autores!! Este libro es para dar inicio a un viaje que termina en el último aliento! Que duro es morir pero más duro vivir sin saber leer!
    • 4/5
      The book is relatively easy to follow despite the sometimes verbose vocabulary. I found the inspectional and analytical reading guides helpful. The analytical part was too me too lengthy comprising of 15 rules. The top 3 most helpful parts for me were
      1. Read non stop.
      2. Coming to terms with the author.
      3. 4 points of criticism.

      The Synoptic reading part was helpful with 5 rules.

      The examples given how to read the specific types of literature were not helpful when considering how many pages about 1/3 I venture was devoted to the book. There were nuggets that were useful but overall it failed to deliver the same impact as the other sections of the book. Mainly what I found useful was the narration of the characteristics unique to each category of literature. What was underwhelming and this was the primary objective of this section was how the reading guidance was uniquely adjusted to account for uniqueness. The distinction was lost in the sea of words.
    • 5/5
      My mentor recommended that I read this several years ago and (sadly) I am only getting around to it now. The material within provides an excellent tutorial (with checklists) on how to get the most out of non-fiction books. These also seem to be good tools for authors to consider while writing non-fiction.
    • 4/5
      Summary: A book that changes the way I think about books and the activity of reading in general. The author takes you on a ride that seems pretty sanctimonious at first but quite reasonable and thought provoking by the end. He does it with nice word-talking and pretty good humour so I forgive him his sanctimony.

      Things I liked:

      Genuinely got me thinking about how I read books and what I might have been missing out on for just about every book I ever picked up and put down.

      Challenged me to actively digest it arguments and produce my own if i disagreed. "An argument without propositions is just an opinion" is one quote from the book I've decided to make my own.

      Things I thought could be improved:

      Too many freaking rules (there's heaps and they are hard to keep track of). He could have worked harder to i) have less rules, ii) reference them by title versus number iii) show more examples the displayed them all being integrated. Without this I just tended to skim over them and assume I could go back and refine my knowledge if I had to.

      An easy reference for all the rules at the start of the book would have been good to address the above and chill me out to the idea I could just use that rather than trying to take all my notes as I went.

      Highlight: I think the section on synoptical reading was probably the best for me in terms of real knock it out of the park, new idea goodness.
    • 5/5
      This is a must-read for any serious reader. Not only to learn how to read professionally in the office, but how to read a novel and enjoy it fabulously, autobiographies and biographies, and anything else that you would read. It helps you to decide quickly whether you want to read a book or not. Saving you an immense amount of time. The one thing that we get no more of is time. So, use your time well. This book is worth the time to syntonical read. Then to go back and sip on every so often. To keep your mind challenged and refresh your memory from the many things you will learn.
      -Dan Monahan

      1 person found this helpful

    • 4/5
      The only book necessary for learning "how to read a book." Simple, straightforward and scholarly all at the same time. Want to become a better reader? Adler is your man.
    • 5/5
      This book on How to Read a Book will challenge you to approach reading in a different light. In fact, it will give you tools and instructions on how to get light (or be enlightened) by what you read. Not all reading is created equal. Engaging the book being read, versus passive reading, allows you to not only gain information, but also understanding. By engaging, you ask the book (author) questions and then search for the answers. Great book.

      1 person found this helpful

    • 5/5
      This guide enhances the way you absorb information from any kind of book and replicate it through several practical frameworks.

      1 person found this helpful

    • 4/5
      I just went through this book for a second time. I managed to get further... Note I skimmed the whole book, then more completely read the inspectional, analytical, and syntopical sections. I skipped the section with practical genre-specific advice.

      My takeaway: if you want to get the most benefit from a (nonfiction) book, then you have to put effort into it. That's basically it.

      To explain further, when reading a book you should:
      1. Get a picture of where the book will go before you leap in properly. Do this by paying attention to the title, blurb, ToC. Skimread it, particularly chapter introductions and conclusions, etc.
      2. Do more than passively absorb the text. Take notes on the content, underline important lines, summarise it to yourself. Are you sure you know what an author means when they use certain words? Is the author trying to convince you of something? What is their argument, and do you find it compelling?
      3. You'll probably need to read several books to get a balanced view on a subject.

      I might come back to this and drive into the specifics a little more, but this is enough to help me read more effectively for now.

      I have two complaints:
      1. The author is extremely wordy. I don't know if that was the done thing back then, or if it was just Mortimer's style, but he takes a lot of space to explain something.
      2. His advice is law. Rather than "here's how I read a book", or "here's a sensible framework that makes sense to me", his presentation is THE WAY to read a book. It's a very mechanical way of reading. But, I think he probably expects you as the reader to realise this, to agree and disagree with him, and to leave with what works for you.
    • 5/5
      I have read widely and wet my appetite with many of the classics and just 3 of the great books under my belt. I was restless to fill the chasm of ignorance I knew my prior readings revealed and with personal life becoming weighty I had plateaued here for the last 12 years. This book is my bridge to advanced studies in the great books I needed to proceed as nothing of most of today's works are anything near the feasts a great book I know will provide. I have been equipped well to proceed on my adventure!

      1 person found this helpful

    • 5/5
      This book deserves a detailed review but, I think the best review I could give it is this:

      Oh how I wish I had read this when I was 18!

      Highly recommended.

      1 person found this helpful

    • 5/5
      If you want to understand the bible or any book for that matter better then get this book and read it

      1 person found this helpful

    • 5/5
      Very well structured, teaches you how to think

      2 people found this helpful

    • 4/5
      This book was originally published in 1940 by Adler and updated in 1972 with the help of Van Doren. At least when in comes to their approach to reading nonfiction, a more apt title might be “How to Attack a Book.” Their approach features a systematic process of extracting most if not more than the author intended to convey. It also contains some savvy advice on how to measure the truth of the assertions in the book. Whether you take the authors’ advice to heart or not, you will have to admit that their exposition is a prime example of lucid expository prose. According to them, there are four levels of reading: Elementary, Inspectional, Analytical, and Syntopic, which they proceed to explain in depth. Personally, I have always held that “syntopic” reading is essential for book reviewers. What this term means is that in order to evaluate a book on a particular subject, you must gain familiarity with other works on the same subject or in the same genre.For example, when reading a book purporting to be the history of an event or an individual, you need to understand how the perceptual and ideological lenses informing the history leads to quite different (and selective) accounts. It also helps to ascertain what sources were used and which ones were omitted, thereby shaping the story and altering the narrative. As students of epistemology have long noted, histories are far from value-free, and history too exists within a complex ideological web.Analogously with fiction, it is useful to have a familiarity with particular genres and sub-genres, so one can more usefully evaluate how well an author represents the field. The authors also advise that you should enter the author’s world on his or her (Adler and Van Doren would never use a singular ‘their’) own terms. The book should be believable even if improbable. The authors even give advice on how to read what they call “canonical” books. By that, they mean books like the Bible, the Koran, and Das Kapital, that true believers think contain “the Truth,” no matter how improbable the authors’ assertions appear to nonbelievers. The true believers often have to engage in some exotic mental gymnastics to create new meanings of common words while we nonbelievers can treat the books like imaginative literature.As an added bonus, Adler and Van Doren created a list of 137 authors of “Great Books” that they deem worthy of exhaustive study. Evaluation: The book is a bit dry, but well worth reading, especially for students of literature.(JAB)
    • 4/5
      Mortimer Adler and colleague Charles Van Doren have updated the 1940's book, making it more relevant. Since the book was published in 1972, it has become a classic for readers in the English language. (There was a version published in 1967 which carries a different subtitle: Guide to reading the great books - probably to tie in to the 1950s publication of the massive series.) I read this book soon after it was published and somehow forgot about it, although some of the techniques stayed with me in all these years.The book is divided into four parts. The first deals with elementary and inspectional reading. The second delves into what I believe is the most important section, analytical reading and the kind of reading most of us should emulate mostly for our non-fiction reading. The authors postulate fifteen rules and criteria for most books. In section three, specific types of books are covered, everything from fiction to hard science to history to social sciences. (And it is a given that many books don't need to be read at this level.) Part four goes into syntopical reading, reading many books about a topic. This is fine for a graduate student in many areas, but not so relevant for the reader who does so for basic knowledge and pleasure.In the back of the book, there is a list of authors and title that the authors feel are worth reading and are accessible to most readers. There is also an appendix where the levels of reading are shown by example along with tests of comprehension. And make no mistake, some of this is hard. There is also an excellent index.It is amazing how relevant much of the text is today. In the history section, the authors deal with current events and the bias of those reporting on the topic. On p. 251-252, they talk about bias and "the management of the news." They end with a warning - caveat emptor. How sad and so very true.If you want to be a better reader, this book will help you. If you just want to find out what the classic titles in each discipline are, the material is there. This is a book for everyone.

      1 person found this helpful

    • 4/5
      This book is a handbook for reading books, what the Greeks would call an Enchiridion. The handbook is divided into four parts that cover all aspects of reading from the dimensions of the subject to ultimate goals one may expiscate from reading books.Part one begins with a discussion of reading as both an activity and an art. It is an activity in the sense that it is something that you do to, according to the authors, become an "active" reader. But it is also an art in the sense that the reader is as much an artist in his recognition of the beauty of the book as was the author who created it. I believe this applies to all works whether they are fiction or non-fiction.The remainder of parts one and two provide detailed discussions of both the levels of reading with a concentration on analytical reading and determining a book's message. The authors provide a lot of detailed rules and "how to" suggestions, yielding an ideal structure for reading books. In creating this ideal approach to reading books I believe they leave sufficient room for each reader to develop their own personal methods appropriating the guidelines provided.The book concludes with a discussion of different kinds or genres of reading matter followed by the introduction of the idea of syntopical reading or reading books with other relevant books in mind. This provides a way to focus on ideas presented in different ways and manners across different texts. Finally, the ultimate goal of serious reading is to improve your mind. This process is analogous to strength training for the muscles in your body. This reader was impressed with the text and the ideas presented and when applied along with a focus on the enjoyment of reading they provide a useful approach to reading great books.

      1 person found this helpful

    • 5/5
      If you want to learn to read books better, and for all they are worth, this book will repay your time many fold. This is one of the most rewarding reads, and possibly one of the most important books you can read.

      1 person found this helpful

    • 5/5
      I first read this book in the late 1970s. I count it among the Top Ten Most Influential Books of my reading life. Perhaps the most valuable lesson I learned was when to *stop* reading a book because it does not have much worth to say, or to be able to know when just to scan a book for the kernel of what the author has to say, and pass over the fluff and froth.

      1 person found this helpful

    • 5/5
      Some books take no extra skills to read--all of their benefits are on the surface waiting for you. Others hide their treasures below the surface and you have to go after them like a deep sea diver, returning and returning again to appreciate their beauty and discover their meaning. Books like The Brothers Karamazov and City of God require extra literary skills to understand, but the effort is worth it.If you've never had a good literature class, or if it's been a while since your last one, then you might consider reading Mortimer Adler's How to Read a Book. Adler begins with the best definition of reading I've ever come across:Reading is "...the process whereby a mind, with nothing to operate on but the symbols of the readable matter, and with no help from outside, elevates itself by the power of its own operations. The mind passes from understanding less to understanding more. The skilled operations that cause this to happen are the various acts that constitute the art of reading."I like to share that definition and break it down for my eighth grade students each year because it's easy to think of reading as just an alternative to television. The idea that reading elevates is important for them to understand. As Henry Fielding states in On Taste in Books, books are not merely for entertainment:"This present age seems pretty well agreed in an opinion, that the utmost scope and end of reading is amusement only; and such, indeed, are now the fashionable books, that a reader can propose no more than mere entertainment, and it is sometimes very well for him if he finds even this, in his studies.Letters, however, were surely intended for a much more noble and profitable purpose than this. Writers are not, I presume, to be considered as mere jack-puddings, whose business it is only to excite laughter...when no moral, no lesson, no instruction is conveyed to the reader, where the whole design of the composition is no more than to make us laugh, the writer comes very near to the character of a buffoon; and his admirers, if an old Latin proverb be true, deserve no great compliments to be paid to their wisdom."Reading and writing are not only meant to elevate us intellectually, but spiritually as well. All of our skills and abilities are given to us by God so that we may know, love and serve Him; any other use of them is a waste of time and will detour us off the road to eternal joy. It does, however, take a conscious and deliberate act of the will to use our gifts in this way, and it often requires extra effort. Regarding reading, Adler puts it this way:"To pass from understanding less to understanding more by your own intellectual effort in reading is something like pulling yourself up by your bootstraps. It certainly feels that way. It is a major exertion. Obviously, it is a more active kind of reading than you have done before....Obviously, too, the things that are usually regarded as more difficult to read, and hence as only for the better reader, are those that are more likely to deserve and demand this kind of reading."For one interested in acquiring the skills to read difficult books, How to Read a Book is an essential resource. Not only does Adler explain how to read in general, but he also devotes individual chapters to reading specific kinds of literature, including how to read history, philosophy, science and mathematics. I've owned the book for fifteen years, and I still return to it again and again to improve my reading skills. I spent $10.95 on my copy of How to Read a Book but it is worth more than some of the college classes I took, which cost me considerably more.

      2 people found this helpful

    • 5/5
      I first read this 38 years ago during my Freshman year in college. Since then, i have worn two standard ink-and-paper copies to threads.

      It's indispensable for helping move from reading widely to reading well.

      2 people found this helpful

    • 3/5
      This book carries a very niche audience. It is an eloquent and precise book. It is exhaustive in its goal. But I don't think a struggling read or a leisurely reader would be able to get through it. This is for those novice readers who want to really, vigorously practice the high art of reading. In my estimation, these types of readers are usually self-sufficient in their practice of reading.
      But this book is a good book. It only suffers from its writing style and examples: no novice reader would even think of trudging through Ulysses to figure out plot, and no novice reader would want to trudge through bland but intelligent arguments on the essence of reading. (Of course, there are always exceptions.)
      But--alas, another one--this book should be read by novice readers. It's certainly the best "How to" I've ever read. I just don't think novice readers would seek this book out.
      Caveat: I'm sure I'm missing something here because this book does has been around for quite a while.

      2 people found this helpful

    • 5/5
      Very good book on, well, how to read books. Not just a method of speed reading, other than to toss the book aside of the first glance doesn't indicate that you'd really gain from reading the book, it does give suggestions on how to adjust your pace to enable you to get the right amount of content from the book.In addition, it has a list (Appendix A) of important boks to read -- a very good list for a well-read library.

      2 people found this helpful

    • 5/5
      After reading this book I have been able to pick up several classics and read them cover to cover. And through using the methods in this book, I'm getting the most out of these books that previously scared me to attempt. This is a must-read for anyone interesting in learning how to understand what you read.

      2 people found this helpful

    • 5/5
      This is a great handbook for learning to be an active and thoughtful reader. I boiled down this book into a 4-step method of analyzing readings for my college students in a Humanities class where they were reading a lot of primary texts of various sorts. Many of them said later that found it worked on readings from other classes, too, and they wished they had been taught this method earlier in their college careers.

      2 people found this helpful

    • 4/5
      This is a classic by Adler. Howard Hendricks says that this book will change your life...I on the other hand wouldn't go that far. He writes on a topic that people need to hear today...how to read. It's easy to read words but to be able to make meaning out of those words and make meaning out of types of literature is a different story. I found this read quite dry but nevertheless learned some. I probably need to read it again and it can teach me alot more, he's recommended by some of the greatest scholars alive

      2 people found this helpful

    Book preview

    How to Read a Book - Mortimer J. Adler

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