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    Development of the Digestive Canal of the American Alligator
    Development of the Digestive Canal of the American Alligator
    Development of the Digestive Canal of the American Alligator
    Ebook85 pages52 minutes

    Development of the Digestive Canal of the American Alligator

    By A. M. (Albert Moore) Reese and C. M. Reese

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    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArchive Classics
    Release dateNov 26, 2013
    Development of the Digestive Canal of the American Alligator

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      Book preview

      Development of the Digestive Canal of the American Alligator - A. M. (Albert Moore) Reese

      The Project Gutenberg EBook of Development of the Digestive Canal of the

      American Alligator, by Albert M. Reese

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

      almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or

      re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

      with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

      Title: Development of the Digestive Canal of the American Alligator

      Author: Albert M. Reese

      Illustrator: C. M. Reese

      Release Date: August 15, 2007 [EBook #22327]

      Language: English

      *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN ALLIGATOR ***

      Produced by Louise Hope, Mark C. Orton, Linda McKeown and

      the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at

      http://www.pgdp.net

      In the printed text, all illustrations were labeled with their scale, varying from × 190 (highly magnified) to × 1 (actual size). The exact size of images on a computer screen depends largely on your monitor type; settings can generally not be changed without affecting other aspects of the display. The scale shown here was used for all measured illustrations. It may appear slightly larger or smaller than intended. Most illustrations link to unscaled larger views.

      SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

      VOLUME 56 NUMBER 11

      DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGESTIVE

      CANAL OF THE AMERICAN

      ALLIGATOR

      WITH FIFTEEN PLATES

      BY

      ALBERT M. REESE

      Professor of Zoology, West Virginia University

      (Publication 1946)

      CITY OF WASHINGTON

      PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

      1910

      The Lord Baltimore Press

      BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A.

      DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGESTIVE CANAL OF THE AMERICAN ALLIGATOR

      By ALBERT M. REESE

      Professor of Zoology, West Virginia University

      In a previous paper (6

      ) the writer described the general features in the development of the American Alligator; and in other papers special features were taken up in more detail.

      In the present paper the development of the enteron is described in detail, but the derivatives of the digestive tract (liver, pancreas, lungs, etc.) are mentioned only incidentally; the development of these latter structures may be described in a later paper.

      No detailed description of the histological changes taking place during development has been attempted, though a brief description of the histology is given for each stage discussed.

      The material upon which this work was done is the same as that used for the preceding researches. It was collected by the author in central Florida and southern Georgia by means of a grant from the Smithsonian Institution, for which assistance acknowledgment is herewith gratefully made.

      Various methods of fixation were employed in preserving the material. In practically all cases the embryos were stained in toto with Borax Carmine and on the slide with Lyon's Blue. Transverse, sagittal, and horizontal sections were cut, their thickness varying from five to thirty microns, depending upon the size of the embryos.

      The first indication of the formation of the enteron is seen in the very early embryo shown, from the dorsal aspect, in figure 1

      . The medullary folds and notochord are evident at this stage, but no mesoblastic somites are to be seen.

      A sagittal section of approximately this stage, shown in figure 1A

      , represents the foregut, fg, as a shallow enclosure of the anterior region of the entoderm, while the wide blastopore, blp, connects the region of the hindgut with the exterior. No sign of a tail fold being present, there is, of course, no real hindgut. The entoderm, which has the appearance of being thickened because of the fact that the notochord has not yet completely separated from it, is continuous, through the blastopore, with the ectoderm. Posterior to the blastopore

      the primitive streak, ps, is seen as a collection of scattered cells between the ectoderm and the entoderm, apparently formed by proliferation from the ventral side of the ectoderm.

      A slightly later stage is shown in figure 2

      , a dorsal view of an embryo with five pairs of mesoblastic somites. A sagittal section of this stage is shown in figure 2A

      . The foregut is here more inclosed, and the notochord, nt, having separated from the entoderm, en, is seen as a distinct layer of cells extending from the foregut to the blastopore.

      A transverse section through the headfold of this stage is shown in figure 2B

      . The foregut is seen as a wide cavity, ent, depressed dorsally, apparently, by the formation of the medullary groove and the notochord; it is wider laterally than in a dorso-ventral direction, and its walls are made up of about three layers of closely arranged, irregular cells; the wall is somewhat thinner on the dorsal

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